I'll explain all the libraries used in our College Prediction System in a simple and easy-to-understand

way.

# Libraries Used in Our Project

## 1. **Flask** - Web Application Framework

```python

from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for, session

```

**Purpose**: Creates our website/application

**Simple Explanation**:

- Like a framework to build websites

- Handles user requests (when someone clicks buttons)

- Shows web pages

- Manages user sessions (remembers user's choices)

**Real Example from Our Code**:

```python

# Create our website

app = Flask(__name__)

# Create a page that shows college recommendations

@app.route('/results')

def results():

recommendations = session.get('recommendations', [])

return render_template('results.html', colleges=recommendations)

```

## 2. **Pandas** - Data Management

```python

import pandas as pd
```

**Purpose**: Handles all our data (college information, cutoffs, etc.)

**Simple Explanation**:

- Like Excel for programming

- Stores data in tables

- Makes it easy to filter and sort data

- Helps clean and organize data

**Real Example from Our Code**:

```python

# Load college data from a file

df = pd.read_csv('college_data.csv')

# Filter colleges in Mumbai

mumbai_colleges = df[df['location'] == 'Mumbai']

# Clean the data

df['college_name'] = df['college_name'].str.strip()

```

## 3. **Scikit-learn** - Machine Learning

```python

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor

from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

```

**Purpose**: Makes predictions about college cutoffs

**Simple Explanation**:

- Like a smart calculator that learns from past data

- Helps predict future cutoffs

- Converts text data into numbers

- Tests how good our predictions are

```python

# Create our prediction model

model = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100)

# Train the model with past data

model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Make predictions

predicted_cutoff = model.predict(new_data)

```

## 4. **PyPDF2** - PDF Processing

```python

from PyPDF2 import PdfReader

```

**Purpose**: Reads data from PDF files

**Simple Explanation**:

- Helps read information from PDF documents

- Extracts text from PDFs

- Makes PDF data usable in our program

**Real Example from Our Code**:

```python

# Read a PDF file

reader = PdfReader(pdf_path)

# Get text from each page

for page in reader.pages:

text = page.extract_text()
```

## 5. **Pickle** - Model Saving

```python

import pickle

```

**Purpose**: Saves and loads our trained model

**Simple Explanation**:

- Like saving a file on your computer

- Saves our trained prediction model

- Can load the model later without retraining

**Real Example from Our Code**:

```python

# Save our trained model

with open('model.pkl', 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(model, f)

# Load our saved model

with open('model.pkl', 'rb') as f:

model = pickle.load(f)

```

## 6. **NumPy** - Numerical Computing

```python

import numpy as np

```

**Purpose**: Handles mathematical calculations

**Simple Explanation**:

- Helps with math operations

- Works with arrays of numbers

**Real Example from Our Code**:

```python

# Calculate average cutoff

average_cutoff = np.mean(cutoffs)

# Create array of predictions

predictions = np.array(predicted_cutoffs)

```

## How These Libraries Work Together

Let's see how these libraries work together in our project:

1. **Data Collection**:

```python

# PyPDF2 reads PDF files

reader = PdfReader(pdf_path)

text = page.extract_text()

# Pandas organizes the data

df = pd.DataFrame(college_data)

```

2. **Data Processing**:

```python

# Pandas cleans the data

df = df.drop_duplicates()

df['cutoff'] = pd.to_numeric(df['cutoff'])
# Scikit-learn prepares data for prediction

encoder = OneHotEncoder()

encoded_data = encoder.fit_transform(features)

```

3. **Model Training**:

```python

# Scikit-learn trains the model

model = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100)

model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Pickle saves the trained model

with open('model.pkl', 'wb') as f:

pickle.dump(model, f)

```

4. **Making Predictions**:

```python

# Scikit-learn makes predictions

predicted_cutoff = model.predict(new_data)

# NumPy helps with calculations

probability = np.mean(predictions)

```

5. **Showing Results**:

```python

# Flask shows results on website

@app.route('/results')

def results():

return render_template('results.html',
 predictions=predictions)

```

## Simple Real-World Example

Let's say a student wants to check their chances of getting into a college:

1. **User Enters Data** (Flask):

```python

@app.route('/step1', methods=['POST'])

def step1():

marks = float(request.form.get('marks', 0))

session['user_marks'] = marks

```

2. **Process Data** (Pandas):

```python

# Filter relevant colleges

filtered_colleges = df[df['branch'] == 'Computer Science']

```

3. **Make Prediction** (Scikit-learn):

```python

# Predict cutoff

predicted_cutoff = model.predict(student_data)

```

4. **Calculate Probability** (NumPy):

```python

# Calculate admission chance

probability = np.mean([predicted_cutoff, student_marks])

5. **Show Result** (Flask):

```python

return render_template('results.html',

probability=probability)

```

Each library has its special job:

- Flask: Makes the website work

- Pandas: Handles all the data

- Scikit-learn: Makes predictions

- PyPDF2: Reads PDF files

- Pickle: Saves our trained model

- NumPy: Helps with calculations

Together, they create a complete system that helps students predict their chances of getting into
different colleges!