Designation: C 4 – 98

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS

100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specification for

Clay Drain Tile and Perforated Clay Drain Tile1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 4; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope specified by the purchaser may be furnished to the seller,

1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, provided the substituted drain tile meets the physical require-
prior to installation, of drain tile and perforated drain tile to be ments of the class specified.
used for underdrainage, filter fields, leaching fields, and similar 5. Materials and Manufacture
subdrainage installations.
5.1 Drain tile shall be manufactured from clay, fire clay,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials, that,
as the standard.
when formed into tile and fired to suitable temperatures, yields
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
a product that conforms to this specification.
Test Methods portion of this specification: This standard does
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, 6. Physical Properties
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
6.1 Drain tile shall meet the physical test requirements for
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
the class, as specified in Table 1.
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
6.2 The maximum water absorption (5-h boiling) shall be as
to use.
follows:
NOTE 1—Attention is called to Test Methods C 301 and Terminology Average, % Individual, %
C 896. Standard 13 16
Extra Quality 11 13
2. Referenced Documents Heavy Duty 11 13
Extra Strength 11 13
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 301 Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe2 6.3 The requirements for water absorption (5–h boiling)
C 896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products2 shall be waived, provided that test specimens meet the require-
ments of the freezing and thawing test, Section 13, of this
3. Terminology specification
3.1 Definitions:
7. Sizes and Perforations
3.1.1 Clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay are as defined in
Terminology C 896. 7.1 The size of drain tile shall be designated by inside
3.1.2 Within this specification, the terms tile, drain tile, and diameter. Not all sizes and strengths may be available from all
clay drain tile are synonyms. manufacturers.
7.2 The minimum length of drain tile smaller than 12 in.
4. Classification (300 mm) shall be approximately 12 in.
4.1 Four classes of clay drain tile are specified: 7.3 The length of drain tile 12 through 30-in. (300 through
4.1.1 Standard. 750-mm) diameter shall be not less than their diameter.
4.1.2 Extra Quality. 7.4 Perforations—Perforations shall be circular and cleanly
4.1.3 Heavy Duty. cut through the tile wall. They shall be arranged in rows
4.1.4 Extra Strength. parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tile. The minimum
4.2 Drain tile of a higher strength classification than that number of rows of perforations shall be as shown in Table 2.
7.4.1 Where two rows of perforations are used, the rows
shall be separated by an arc of 90 6 15°.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-4 on 7.4.2 Where four rows of perforations are used, the rows
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C04.20 on shall be symmetrical around a vertical centerline. The lower-
Methods of Test and Specifications.
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published November 1998. Originally most rows of perforations shall be separated by an arc of 90 6
published as C 4 – 14. Last previous edition C 4 – 97. 10°, and the uppermost rows shall be separated by an arc of not
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.

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TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Clay Drain Tile
Standard Extra Quality Heavy Duty Extra Strength
Internal
A A A
Diameter Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength, Minimum Crushing Strength,A
of Tile, lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m) lbf/linear ft (kN/m)
in.
Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual Average Individual
4 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1400 (20.4) 1260 (18.4) 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.3)
5 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1400 (20.4) 1260 (18.4) 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.3)
6 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1400 (20.4) 1260 (18.4) 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.3)
8 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1500 (21.8) 1350 (19.7) 2140 (31.2) 1920 (28.0)
10 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1550 (22.6) 1400 (20.4) 2200 (32.1) 1980 (28.9)
12 800 (11.7) 680 (9.9) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1700 (24.8) 1530 (22.3) 2420 (36.3) 2170 (31.7)
14 840 (12.3) 720 (10.5) 1100 (16.0) 990 (14.4) 1850 (27.0) 1660 (24.2) 2640 (38.5) 2370 (34.6)
15 870 (12.7) 740 (10.8) 1150 (16.7) 1030 (15.0) 1980 (28.9) 1780 (26.0) 2800 (40.9) 2620 (36.8)
16 ... ... 1200 (17.5) 1080 (15.7) 2100 (30.6) 1890 (27.6) 3000 (43.8) 2700 (39.4)
18 ... ... 1300 (19.0) 1170 (17.0) 2340 (34.1) 2100 (30.8) 3300 (48.1) 2970 (43.3)
21 ... ... 1450 (21.1) 1300 (19.0) 2680 (39.1) 2410 (35.2) ... ...
24 ... ... 1600 (23.3) 1440 (21.0) 3000 (43.8) 2700 (39.4) ... ...
27 ... ... 1800 (26.2) 1620 (23.6) 3330 (48.6) 3000 (43.8) ... ...
30 ... ... 2000 (29.2) 1800 (26.2) 3590 (52.4) 3230 (47.1) ... ...
A
Strengths of sizes not listed may be interpolated between tabular values of sizes and strengths of the nearest listed diameters.

TABLE 2 Number of Perforations per Row for Perforated Clay Drain Tile
Nominal Lengths of Tile, ft (m)
Tile Size Diameter, in. Minimum Number of
(mm) Rows of 1 (0.30) 11⁄2 (0.46) 2 (0.60) 21⁄2 (0.76) 3 (0.91)
Perforations
Minimum Number of Perforations per Row
4, 5, 6 (100, 125, 150) 4 3 5 7 9 11
4, 5, 6 (100, 125, 150) 2 5 8 11 13 15
8, 10, 12 (200, 250, 300) 4 3 5 7 9 11
14 to 18 (356 to 460) 6 ... 5 7 9 11

over 160° measured around the lower part of the tile (Fig. 1). 8.3.1 The ends of butt-end tile shall be sufficiently square as
7.4.3 If more than four rows of perforations are used, the to make close joints.
spacing of rows shall be uniform between the limits in 7.4.2.
7.4.4 The purchaser shall specify the desired perforation 9. Sampling and Testing
diameter option of: (1) 1⁄4 6 1⁄16 in. (6.4 6 1.6 mm) or (2) 1⁄2 9.1 Tile shall be sampled and tested in accordance with
6 1⁄8 in. (12.7 6 3.2 mm), and the number of rows of Sections 11 through 13.
perforations. 9.2 For test purposes, full-size drain tile shall be selected by
7.4.5 Perforations shall not be spaced more than approxi- the purchaser or his authorized representative. Tile shall be
mately 3 in. (75 mm) center-to-center along the rows. representative of the lot from which they are selected. The
place or places of selection shall be designated when the
8. Workmanship and Finish purchase order is issued. The manufacturer or seller shall
8.1 Drain tile shall be free of cracks, checks, or chips that furnish test tile without charge.
decrease the strength. 9.3 Each tile shall be individually marked so that it is
8.2 Drain tile shall conform to the permissible dimensional identifiable within the testing period.
variations in Table 3.
8.3 Butt-end tile shall be furnished unless otherwise speci- 10. Basis of Acceptance
fied by the purchaser. 10.1 Acceptability of nonperforated drain tile is determined
by compliance with the requirements of Table 1, Table 3, and
the inspection requirements of Section 14.
10.2 Acceptability of perforated drain tile is determined by
compliance with the requirements of Tables 1-3 and the
inspection requirements of Section 14.
TEST METHODS
11. Crushing Strength Test
11.1 Test Samples:
11.1.1 Test tile shall be sound, full size, and selected by the
purchaser or his representative.
11.1.2 The number of tile to be tested shall not exceed 0.5 %
FIG. 1 Spacing of Four Rows of Perforations of the number of tile of each size furnished, except that no less
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TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Dimensions
Standard Extra Quality, Heavy Duty,
Physical Properties Specified
and Extra Strength
Permissible variation of average diameter below specified diameter, % 3 3
Permissible variation between maximum and minimum diameters of same tile, percentage 75 65
of wall thickness
Permissible variation of average length of tile sampled below manufacturer’s specified 3 3
length, %
Permissible variation from straightness, percentage of length 3 3
Permissible thickness of exterior blisters, lumps, and flakes, percentage of wall thickness 20 15
Permissible diameters of blisters, lumps, and flakes, percent of inside diameter 15 10

than five tile of each size shall be tested. beams be faced with a metal or hardwood member for affixing
11.2 Loading Apparatus (see Fig. 2): the contact edges.
11.2.1 Testing Machine: 11.2.3 Three-Edge Bearings:
11.2.1.1 The loading apparatus may consist of any mechani- 11.2.3.1 Three-edge bearings shall consist of an upper
cally driven or hand-powered device that is capable of applying member, comprised of a bearing beam on which one contact
the necessary loads, with upper and lower bearings capable of edge is located so that it lies in the vertical plane passing
transmitting these loads to the tile. The bearings shall be through the longitudinal axis of the tile, and a lower member
bearing beams and contact edges. comprised of a bearing beam on which two contact edges are
11.2.1.2 Any device that is capable of applying a load at a symmetrically located parallel to that vertical plane.
uniform rate, from 500 to 2000 lbf/linear ft·min (7300 to 11.2.3.2 The contact edges shall consist of rubber strips
29 000 N/linear m·min) of tile length, may be used for making alone or hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets. Contact
the test. edges shall uniformly contact the outside of the tile.
11.2.1.3 The testing machine shall be sufficiently rigid so 11.2.3.3 The two contact edges on the lower member shall
that the load distribution will not be appreciably affected by the be spaced apart approximately 1 in./ft (25 mm/m) of tile
deformation or yielding of any part. The machine and bearings diameter, but in no case less than 1 in. (25 mm).
shall be constructed to transmit the load in a vertical plane 11.2.3.4 Positioning strips may be used to align the upper
through the longitudinal axes of the bearings and tile. The contact edge and to align and space the lower contact edges. In
bearings shall be attached to the machine so as to receive and the case of rubber contact edges, positioning strips shall not
uniformly transmit the loads required in the tests, without exceed one half of the thickness of the contact edge and may
vibration or shock. remain in place.
11.2.1.4 The loading apparatus shall provide means for 11.2.3.5 If rubber strips are used as contact edges, they shall
determination of load with an accuracy of at least 98 % and be cut or formed from a material having a Shore A, instanta-
capable of retaining the loading information that results in the neous, durometer hardness between 45 and 60. The strips shall
crushing strength determination. be of rectangular cross section, having a 2-in. (51-mm) width,
11.2.2 Bearing Beams—Bearing beams shall be no less than and a thickness not less than 1 in. (25 mm) nor more than 11⁄2
the length of the barrel of the tile. Built-up bearing beams may in. (38 mm). The contact edges shall be used with the 2-in.
be used, provided their deflection does not exceed that speci- dimension in contact with the bearing beam. Rubber contact
fied. In order for the bell or socket of the tile, if applicable, to edges may be attached to the bearing beam by an adhesive,
clear the bearing beams, it is recommended that the bearing provided the contact edge remains firmly fixed in position.
11.2.3.6 If hardwood strips with plaster of paris fillets are
used as contact edges, the strips shall be straight and have a
cross section not less than 1 in. (25 mm) in either direction. The
bottom contact edges shall have vertical sides, with the interior
top corners having a radius of approximately 1⁄2 in. (13 mm).
The contact edges shall be securely fastened to the beams.
11.2.3.7 Plaster of paris fillets shall be cast on hardwood
contact edges to provide uniform bearing contact on the outside
of the tile. Fillets shall be cast on the two lower contact edges
and on the upper contact edge, along the tile crown. Sufficient
excess plaster shall be removed from between the two lower
contact edges to eliminate the possibility of a single continuous
lower contact. The tile and contact edges shall be joined while
the plaster of paris is still workable. Testing shall be performed
only after the fillets have set.
11.3 Procedure:
11.3.1 Immerse tile, 12-in. (300-mm) diameter and smaller,
in water for at least 1 h and not more than 2 h immediately
FIG. 2 Loading Apparatus prior to testing. Tile with diameters larger than 12 in. (300 mm)
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may be tested without wetting, but shall not be dried except as oven at a temperature between 230 and 248°F (110 and 120°C)
may occur in complying with the provisions of 11.3.2. and until two successive weighings, at intervals of not less than
11.3.2 No tile specimen shall be exposed to temperatures 3 h, show an incremental loss not greater than 0.1 % of the
lower than 40°F (4.4°C) from the start of wetting until tested. original weight of the specimen.
Frozen tile shall be completely thawed before testing. 12.3.1.1 Dry weight of the specimen shall be its weight after
11.3.3 Strength tests are to be made by the three edge final drying and as soon as it has cooled to 75 6 10°F (24 6
bearing method. 5.5°C).
11.3.4 Center all bearings and test tile accurately for sym- 12.3.2 Saturation—Place dried specimens in a suitable
metrical distribution of load. container, pack tightly enough to prevent jostling, and cover
11.3.5 Apply load as continuously as testing equipment with clean water. Heat water to boiling in not less than 1 or
permits until the tile fails. more than 2 h. Boil continuously for 5 h, and allow to cool to
11.3.6 Record the load at which failure occurs. room temperature by natural loss of heat for not less than 12 h.
11.4 Calculation and Report—Calculate and report the Remove specimens from the water and allow to drain for not
results of individual strength tests and the average in pounds- more than 1 min. Remove the superficial water by absorbant
force per linear foot (or newtons per linear metre) of tile. cloth or paper, and immediately weigh the specimens.
12.4 Calculation and Report:
12. Absorption Test 12.4.1 Determine the weight of water absorbed, by the
12.1 Test Specimens: difference of weight of the saturated specimen and the dry
12.1.1 All absorption test tile specimens shall be sound, specimen. Calculate the percent absorption by dividing the
solid pieces of tile. They shall be free of observable cracks or weight of absorbed water by the weight of the dried specimen
shattered edges and shall not have laminations and fissures (see 12.3.1), and report as percent of the initial dry weight.
more than is typical of the tile from which they are taken. 12.4.2 Report results separately for each specimen, and the
12.1.2 Test specimens shall consist of segments taken from average for all specimens comprising the standard sample.
each of the tile broken in the crushing strength test, and they
shall be selected in accordance with the following provisions: 13. Freezing and Thawing Test
12.1.3 For tile with nominal inside diameters of 12 in. (300 13.1 This section consists of two test procedures, Drying
mm) or less, and nominal lengths of 12 in., a “standard sample” and Saturation (13.4.1), and Freezing and Thawing (13.4.2).
shall consist of one full-length quarter segment taken from 13.1.1 The Drying and Saturation procedure establishes that
each of the tile broken in the strength test. A quarter segment the tile from which test specimens are taken have a water
is meant to be one of the four pieces into which a tile usually absorption that exceeds the allowable value. Passing the
breaks in the strength test. Each segment selected shall be Freezing and Thawing test attests to the fact that the quality of
approximately of uniform width. If a tile breaks in such a the tile under question warrants the waiver of the Water
manner that a satisfactory quarter segment cannot be obtained, Absorption Test requirement.
the absorption test may be performed on two or more pieces 13.2 Test Specimens:
whose combined areas approximate the area of a quarter tile of 13.2.1 Specimens for the Drying and Saturation and the
that size. Such a specimen shall be selected so that both ends Freezing and Thawing tests shall be from tile samples taken
and center portion of the tile are represented. The average from the lot of tile from which water absorption tests have
absorption of the pieces so selected shall be considered to be exceeded the allowable.
the absorption for that tile. 13.2.2 A sample consisting of five drain tile meeting all the
12.1.4 For tile with nominal inside diameters or lengths in requirements of this specification, with the exception of water
excess of 12 in. (300 mm), the absorption test shall be absorption, shall be taken for the Drying and Saturation and the
performed on three pieces, one piece taken from each end of Freezing and Thawing tests.
the tile, and the third piece taken from near the center. These 13.2.3 These sample tile shall be selected by one of the
pieces preferably should come from tile broken in the strength following methods:
test, and shall be of the full thickness of the barrel with all 13.2.3.1 Preferably, samples should be from the tile origi-
edges broken or cut. Each piece shall have an area not less than nally used in the crushing strength tests, with any necessary
25 in.2 (160 cm2) as measured on one barrel surface. Average additional tile selected as in 13.2.3.2.
absorption of the three pieces shall be considered to be the 13.2.3.2 The purchaser, with the manufacturer’s assistance,
absorption for that tile. may select a sample of five tile from the lot that did not meet
12.2 Apparatus: the absorption test requirement and for which it is desired to
12.2.1 A ventilated oven capable of holding a 500°F establish a waiver of that requirement.
(260°C) temperature is required and shall be used for all 13.2.3.3 No test specimen taken from the sample tile shall
drying. have been previously subjected to boiling.
12.2.2 A balance sensitive to 0.5 g when loaded with 1 kg is 13.2.4 The water absorption of each specimen tested in this
required and shall be used for all weighings. When weights resample shall be not less than the average absorption at which
other than metric are used, the same order of accuracy shall be the tile previously failed to meet the absorption requirements.
attained. 13.2.5 Two sets of specimens shall be prepared from each of
12.3 Procedure: the tile selected.
12.3.1 Drying—Dry specimens at least 16 h in a ventilated 13.2.5.1 One set of specimens shall be used for determining
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a new water absorption value for the lot, using the Drying and 13.4.2.4 The number of cycles of freezing and thawing to
Saturation test. The additional set of specimens shall be used in which the tile shall be subjected are:
the Freezing and Thawing test. The size and number of test Class Number of Cycles
specimens for each of these test procedures shall be as required Standard 36
Extra Quality 48
in the Water Absorption section of this specification. Heavy Duty 48
13.3 Apparatus: Extra Strength 48
13.3.1 Scales and weights of the same precision and accu- 13.4.2.5 At the end of the freezing and thawing treatment,
racy as required for weighing in the absorption test (12.2.2) are inspect and note the condition of each specimen.
required for the weighings in the Drying and Saturation test 13.4.2.6 When the required number of freezing and thawing
and in the Freezing and Thawing test. cycles has been completed, dry and weigh the specimens as in
13.3.2 A freezing apparatus is required. It shall meet the 12.3.1. Determine the loss in dry weight.
following requirements: 13.5 Calculation and Report:
13.3.2.1 The freezing apparatus shall have sufficient heat 13.5.1 Report the condition of each specimen as observed
absorption capacity for lowering the temperature of its freezing and noted at the end of the freezing and thawing treatment.
compartment to 14°F (−10°C), within 30 min after introduction
13.5.2 If breakage occurs in any specimen, report the
of the specimens and for maintaining a temperature of 4 6
number of cycles required to cause breakage.
10°F (−15.5 6 5.5°C) during the test period.
13.5.3 If the specimen does not fail by breakage, calculate
13.3.2.2 The freezing chamber of the freezing apparatus
and report the percentage loss in dry weight of each specimen
shall provide an atmosphere in which air currents are no greater
at the conclusion of 36 or 48 freezing and thawing cycles as
than necessary to maintain approximately uniform tempera-
appropriate for the class of tile.
tures in all parts of the freezing compartment.
13.5.4 Calculate and report the loss in dry weight for each of
13.3.3 A water bath is required. It shall meet the following the five specimens.
requirements:
13.6 Requirements:
13.3.3.1 The water bath shall be of sufficient volume to
13.6.1 No specimen shall break or show disintegration or
maintain the water temperature at 70 6 15°F (21 6 8.5°C)
spalling in the freezing and thawing test.
while the specimens are thawing. Running water may be used
13.6.2 No specimen shall show a loss in dry weight greater
to assist in meeting this condition, or the water bath may be
than 5 % in the freezing and thawing test.
heated moderately.
13.6.3 If all specimens meet the requirements of the freez-
13.4 Procedure:
ing and thawing test, the absorption requirement of 6.2 shall be
13.4.1 Drying and Saturation:
waived.
13.4.1.1 Dry and weigh specimens in accordance with the
preparation for the water absorption test. 14. Field Inspection and Acceptance
13.4.1.2 Saturate the specimens by submersion in water at a
temperature within the range from 70 6 30°F (21 6 17°C) for 14.1 The seller shall designate the lot of tile to be inspected.
not less than 24 h. 14.2 Drain tile shall be subject to inspection by an inspector
13.4.1.3 Remove the specimens from the water and allow to approved by the purchaser. The tile shall be inspected at the
drain for not more than 1 min. Remove superficial water by use location and time agreed upon between the purchaser and the
of absorbent cloth or paper, and immediately weigh the seller. The purpose of the inspection is to determine that
specimens. Return the specimens to water and keep them visually, the tile are suitable for the intended use.
immersed until the freezing and thawing test is begun. 14.3 Drain tile, in a dry condition, shall give a clear ring
13.4.2 Freezing and Thawing: when held free of the ground or tipped on edge and tapped with
a hammer. The weight of the hammer head shall not exceed 4
13.4.2.1 Freezing—Place the specimens, concave side up,
oz (113 g).
in watertight trays. Adjust the depth of water in each tray to 1⁄2
in. (13 mm) and place the trays in the freezing compartment. 14.4 All individual drain tile rejected shall be plainly
Each freezing period in the freezing cycle shall be not less than marked by the inspector and shall be removed from the site by
3 h for specimens taken from tile with barrel thickness up to the seller, at the seller’s expense.
1.5 in. (38 mm), and 4 h for specimens taken from tile with
15. Precision and Bias
barrel thickness exceeding 1.5 in. (38 mm).
13.4.2.2 Thawing—At the end of each freezing period, 15.1 No statements are made on the precision or bias of
remove the trays containing the specimens and submerge the these test methods for measuring (1) crushing strength, (2)
frozen tray contents in the water bath at a temperature of 75 6 water absorption, (3) drying and saturation, and (4) freezing
10°F (24 6 5.5°C). The specimens are to remain in the bath and thawing, since conformance to specific criteria is the only
until all of the ice has melted, but not less than 1 h. Following measure for success specified in these test methods.
this, return the specimens to their trays with the appropriate
amount of water, and return the trays to the freezer compart- 16. Keywords
ment for the next cycle. 16.1 absorption; butt-end; clay; crushing strength; drain;
13.4.2.3 Continue the freezing and thawing cycles until the drainage; filter field; freezing and thawing; inspection; leaching
required number of cycles is completed. field; perforation; subdrainage; tile
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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply when material is supplied under this
specification for U.S. Government procurement.

S1. Packaging MIL-STD-129 for military agencies.

S1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the material S2. Responsibility for Inspection
shall be packaged in accordance with the producer’s standard
practice which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates. S2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
Containers and packing shall comply with Uniform Freight order, the producer is responsible for the testing of all material
Classification Rules3 or National Motor Freight Classification to ensure compliance with the requirements specified herein.
Rules.4 Marking for shipment of such material shall be in Except as otherwise specified in the contract or order, the
accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and producer may use his own or any other suitable facilities for the
performance of the inspection and test requirements specified
herein, unless disapproved by the purchaser. The purchaser
3
Available from The Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S. shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests
Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606. set forth in this specification where such inspections are
4
Available from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 P. St., NW, Washington, DC deemed necessary to ensure that material conforms to pre-
20036.
scribed requirements.
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.