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L02 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions Solutions

The document covers the graphs of trigonometric functions, focusing on sine, cosine, and tangent, including their periodicity, amplitude, and phase shifts. It provides examples of how to determine the period and amplitude of various trigonometric functions and discusses graphical solutions for inequalities. Additionally, it includes applications of trigonometric functions in real-life scenarios, such as modeling tidal effects.

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Hoa Lê
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

L02 Graphs of Trigonometric Functions Solutions

The document covers the graphs of trigonometric functions, focusing on sine, cosine, and tangent, including their periodicity, amplitude, and phase shifts. It provides examples of how to determine the period and amplitude of various trigonometric functions and discusses graphical solutions for inequalities. Additionally, it includes applications of trigonometric functions in real-life scenarios, such as modeling tidal effects.

Uploaded by

Hoa Lê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics S Standard Term 2

Strand 1 Lecture 2

GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Review
We have previously learnt the sketches of the basic trigonometric graphs for domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 360 .
We now prefer to use radians so the graphs are given below for domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
The key points on these graphs should be memorised.
y = sin x y = cos x y = tan x
y y
y

1
1

0 x
π 2π
x
0 π 2π x 0 π 2π

-1 -1

All trigonometric graphs are periodic that is they repeat the same pattern or wave again and again when
the domain is extended.

The period is the width on the x-axis for one pattern repetition.
For the sine and cosine graphs the amplitude is the maximum height of the wave above the middle
position.
Graphs of Basic Trigonometric functions for unrestricted domain
y

y = sin x is an odd function


1

-2π -π 0 π 2π 4π
x
Range:

-1 Period:

Amplitude:
y

1
y = cos x is an even function

-π 0 π 2π 4π
x Range:

-1
Period:

Amplitude:
y
y = tan x is an odd function

-π 0 π 2π x Period:

Vertical asymptotes:

Note: there is no amplitude


Changing the period and amplitude of a sine or cosine curve

For trigonometric functions y = a sin bx or y = a cos bx


The constant a determines the amplitude: amplitude= a
2π
The constant b (b > 0) determines the period: period= b .

Example 1
Determine the period and amplitude of each sine function and hence sketch the graph of the function for
the domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
x
(a) y = 2 sin x (b) y = sin 2 x (c) y = −3 sin
2
Example 2 For each cosine function state the amplitude and the period and sketch the function:
(a) y = 4 cos π x for domain − 2 ≤ x ≤ 2 (b) y= 2 − cos 3 x for domain −π ≤ x ≤ π
Phase shift
Replacing x with x ± c causes horizontal shift of the graph as with previous transformation work.
This is called a phase shift.
 π
Example 3 Sketch one cycle of the graph of y = 4 sin  x −  x = 0.
 2  beginning at
You will notice that your graph looks like y = − 4 cos x . Can you explain why?
Graphical solution of trigonometric inequality
To solve a trigonometric inequality we must draw the graph of the relevant trigonometric function.
1
Example 4 Solve the inequality cos2 x > for domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
2
Application
Example 5 [The numbers aren’t nice but that’s real life!]
y

1·73 m The diagram shows the tidal effect due to the moon at Port
1·35 m
Headland on January 1st 1900. The water level can be
approximated by a sine curve y = A sin( at + b) where y is the
t water level and t is the time in hours after 0 ⋅ 00 hrs and
π
0<b<
2.
12·42 hrs
(a) Find the constant A .

(b) Estimate b by letting t = 0 (c) Estimate a


Example 6
(a) Sketch the graphs of y = 4 cos x and y = 2 − x on the same set of axes for − 2π ≤ x ≤ 2π .
(b) Explain why the solutions of the equation 4 cos x = 2 − x must lie between x = −2 and x = 6
**Further work on Phase shift
For questions involving a phase shift and a change of period sometimes the phase shift can be
eliminated by simplifying and using trig identities .
  π  π π
=
Example 7 Sketch the graph of y 2 cos 4 x − − ≤ x ≤
  4   for 2 .

  2

If the phase shift cannot be eliminated, then deal with the period first and then the phase shift.
Example 8
  π 
=
Sketch the graph of y sin  2  x + 8   for domain 0 ≤ x ≤ π .
  
Suggested Exercises: Learning Guide – 11-2

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