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1. SCOPE

This procedure specifies the requirement for radiographic examination of butt-welds using
X-rays or gamma rays (Ir. 192/Co-60/Se75) as the source of radiation.

2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS:

2.1. ASME Sec. V article 2. Applicable Edition.

2.2. ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 Applicable Edition.
2.3. ASME Sec. VIII Div.2 Applicable Edition.
2.4. ASME Sec. I. Applicable Edition.
2.5. ASME B 31.1. Applicable Edition.
2.6. NBIC (NB23) APPLICABLE EDITION
2.7. ANUP WRITTEN PRACTICE NO. ANUP/AT/01. LATEST REV.

3. PERSSONAL QUALIFICATION:

3.1 All personnel performing radiographic examination shall be certified to minimum

NDE Level I in RT.
3.2 Personnel performing interpretation and evaluation of radiographs shall be certified to
minimum Level II in RT.

4. SURFACE PREPARATION:

4.1 Weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where accessible) and
outside may be removed by grinding to such a degree that the resulting radiographic
image due to any surface irregularity shall not mask or be confused with the image of
any discontinuity.

4.2 The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with the base material or
may have reasonably uniform crowns, with reinforcement not to exceed that specified
referencing code sections.

5. IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPH:

The identification system used to produce permanent identification on the each radiograph
shall be plainly and permanently included on the radiograph. These identification system
need not to appear as radiographic images. These may form an image or may be written on
the radiographs with an indelible ink marker. In any case, these informations shall not
obscure the area of interest.
Necessary information’s required to be present on the radiographs shall be:
1. Organization’s symbol or short name (AEL).
2. Work-order/Vessel Number
3. Weld or Weld seam Number.
4. Date of the radiographs.
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5. Location under RT Examination.

6. Suffix RS1, RS2, RS3 (RS-for Reshoot), R1, R2 (R for Repair) as applicable.

6. EXTENT OF EXAMINATION:

The extent of examination shall be as specified by the Drawing/Inspection test Plan

7. RADIATION ENERGY/SOURCE OF RADIATION

X-ray machines generating peak voltage up to 400Kv may be used for generating X-rays.
Isotope radiographic cameras holding Ir 192 and Co 60 sources are only used for the
radiographic examination.
There is no limitation for use of X-ray energy or isotope used.
However, the energy or isotope used shall achieve the density and IQI image requirements of
this procedure.

Recommended x-ray energy/radioisotopes are as per Table 1.

TABLE 1

Thickness Energy/Isotope
Material Remarks
range used
Isotopes are generally not
recommended. However,
140 Kv X-ray
Below 3mm All steel with extremely slow films
maximum IQI requirements may be
met.
Note: For all other materials
240 Kv X-ray equivalent steel thickness
Above 3mm to may be computed and used
All steel maximum or
10mm accordingly.
Ir. 192 or Se.75
Ref: ASTM E 94.
300kv X-ray
Above 10mm
All steel maximum or
to 20mm
Ir.192 or Se 75
Above 20mm 300 Kv X-ray
All steel
to 30 mm Ir.192 or Se.75
Use of X-ray requires more
Above 20mm
All steel Ir.192 time. Hence not
to 50mm recommended.
Above 50mm
All steel Ir 192/Co 60
to 70mm
Above 70 mm
All steel Co-60
to 180mm
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8. SOURCE SIZE:

The maximum size of the source or focal spot shall not be more than 5mm. The isotope
source manufacturers or suppliers written statement documenting the actual or maximum
source size or focal spot shall be used for source size verification.

9. FILM:

Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film only. The film brand and
designation shall be as recommended in Table 2.

TABLE 2
Radiation
penetrating Source of
thickness radiation Film brand and designation
(steel)
AGFA LASER FUJI KODAK
3mm and
X-ray D4 NDT 4 IX 50 MX 125
below
Above 3mm to NDT 5 MX
X-ray D5/D4 IX 50/IX80
10mm /NDT 4 125/T200
Above 10mm X-ray AGFA D7 NDT 7 IX 100 AA 400
Above 3mm to
Se 75 D4 NDT 4 X 50 MX 125
6 mm
Above 6 mm NDT 5 MX
Se 75 D5/D4 IX 50/IX80
to 10 mm /NDT 4 125/T200
Above 10 mm
Se 75 AGFA D7 NDT 7 IX 100 AA 400
to 30 mm
4mm and
Ir.192 AGFA D2 **** IX 25 DR 200
below
Above 4mm to
Ir.192 AGFA D4 NDT 4 IX 50 MX 125
8 mm
Above 8mm to NDT 5
Ir.192 AGFA D5 IX80 T200
14mm
Above 14mm
Ir.192 AGFA D7 NDT 7 IX 100 AA 400
to 70 mm
Above 50mm NDT 5
Co-60 AGFA D5 IX80 T200
to 70mm
Above 70mm
Co-60 AGFA D7 NDT 7 IX 100 AA 400
to 150 mm
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All film used for radiographic examination shall be within the date of its expiry as mentioned
on the carton of the film. Films should be handled in such way so that physical damages such
as scratch, crimps and pressure marks will be minimized.
The films should not be kept in a room temperature below 25 degree to avoid fogging of
films due to heat and moisture for a longer period.
The safe light under which the film will be handled for loading and developing shall be
checked for its fogging capability. The safelight conditions shall be adjusted in such a way
that the maximum fog density including base shall not be more than 0.3 when exposed to all
the safelights for 30 minutes. The safelight fog level shall be tested once in 3 months or
whenever the bulb is replaced. The procedure for fog level test shall be as follows.
1. Make sure that the dark room for loading and developing are free from any external light
leaks.
2. If found any, seal those leaks.
3. Cut pieces of highest speed film (6”x 3” size) and place it under each safelight available
in the dark room.
4. Expose the film to all safelight on for 30 minutes.
5. Develop the film as per regular developing procedure.
6. Dry and measure the density of the film.
7. The maximum and the average density measured from five random locations shall not be
more than 0.3.
8. If the density found more than 0.3, the safelight intensity may be reduced by reducing the
bulb watt; changing the filter and/or increasing the safelight distance and redo the above
test.
A tag shall be displayed on or near the safelight and the tag shall contain the following
information.

1. Safelight identification Number.

2. Date of safelight fog level test.
3. Maximum density observed:
4. Next date of fog level check.
5. Name and signature of the individual done the check.

10. IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS

10.1 Hole or wire type IQI manufactured and identified in accordance with the
requirements or Alternates allowed in SE-1025 (for hole type) and SE-747 (for wire
type), except that the largest wire number or the identity number may be omitted.
ASME standard IQIs shall consist of those in Table 3 for hole type and Table 4 for
wire type.

10.2 IQI CONFORMANCE CERTIFICATES FROM THE MANUFACTURER:

10.2.1 At the time of purchase, a certificate a testing to the conformance of material type &
dimensional tolerance shall be obtained from manufacture and shall be retained.
10.2.2 All wire IQI used shall be designed manufactured & certified as per SE 747 of
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Article 22 of ASME SEC V.

10.2.3 All hole type IQI used shall be designed, manufactured & certified as per SE1025 of
Article 22 of ASME SEC.V

10.3 PERIODIC INSPECTION OF IQI.

The IQI shall be checked before each & every use for under wear or damage & the
shift of the wire if found defective or damage, the same shall be discarded.

HOLE TYPE IQI DESIGNATION, THICKNESS,

AND HOLE DIAMETERS.

TABLE 3
1T Hole 2T Hole 4T Hole
IQI IQI Thickness,
diameter, diameter, diameter,
Designation mm (inches)
mm(inches) mm(inches) mm(inches)
5 0.13 (0.005) 0.25 (0.010) 0.51 (0.020) 1.02 (0.040)
7 0.19 (0.0075) 0.25 (0.010) 0.51 (0.020) 1.02 (0.040)
1T Hole 1T Hole 1T Hole
IQI IQI Thickness,
diameter, diameter, diameter,
Designation mm (inches)
mm(inches) mm(inches) mm(inches)
10 0.25 (0.010) 0.25 (0.010) 0.51 (0.020) 1.02 (0.040)
12 0.32 (0.0125) 0.32 (0.0125) 0.64 (0.025) 1.27 (0.050)
15 0.38 (0.015) 0.38 (0.015) 0.76 (0.030) 1.52 (0.060)
17 0.44 (0.0175) 0.44 (0.0175) 0.89 (0.035) 1.78 (0.070)
20 0.51 (0.020) 0.51 (0.020) 1.02 (0.040) 2.03 (0.080)
25 0.64 (0.025) 0.64 (0.025) 1.27 (0.050) 2.54 (0.100)
30 0.76 (0.030) 0.76 (0.030) 1.52 (0.060) 3.05 (0.120)
35 0.89 (0.035) 0.89 (0.035) 1.78 (0.070) 3.56 (0.140)
40 1.02 (0.040) 1.02 (0.040) 2.03 (0.080) 4.06 (0.160)
45 1.14 (0.045) 1.14 (0.045) 2.29 (0.090) 4.57 ( 0.180)
50 1.27 (0.050) 1.27 (0.050) 2.54 (0.100) 5.08 (0.200)
60 1.52 (0.060) 1.52 (0.060) 3.05 (0.120) 6.10 (0.240)
70 1.78 (0.070) 1.78 (0.070) 3.56 (0.140) 7.11 (0.280)
80 2.03 (0.080) 2.03 (0.080) 4.06 (0.160) 8.13 (0.320)
100 2.54 (0.100) 2.54 (0.100) 5.08 (0.200) 10.16 (0.400)
120 3.05 (0.120) 3.05 (0.120) 6.10 (0.240) 12.19 (0.480)
140 3.56 (0.140) 3.56 (0.140) 7.11 (0.280) 14.22 (0.560)
160 4.06 (0.160) 4.06 (0.160) 8.13 (0.320) 16.26 (0.640)
200 5.08 (0.200) 5.08 (0.200) 10.16 (0.400) ….
240 6.10 (0.240) 6.10 (0.240) 12.19 (0.480) ….
280 7.11 (0.280) 7.11 (0.280) 14.22 (0.560) ….
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TABLE 4

WIRE IQI DESIGNATION, WIRE DIAMETER, AND WIRE IDENTITY

SET A SET B
WIRE WIRE WIRE WIRE WIRE WIRE
DIA IN DIAMETER IDENTITY DIA IN DIAMETER IDENTITY
mm IN INCHES mm IN INCHES
0.08 0.0032 1 0.25 0.10 6
0.10 0.004 2 0.33 0.013 7
0.13 0.005 3 0.41 0.016 8
0.16 0.0063 4 0.51 0.020 9
0.20 0.008 5 0.64 0.025 10
0.25 0.010 6 0.81 0.032 11
SET C SET D
WIRE WIRE WIRE WIRE WIRE WIRE
DIA DIAMETER IDENTITY DIA DIAMETER IDENTITY
IN IN INCHES IN IN INCHES
mm mm
0.81 0.032 11 2.54 0.100 16
1.02 0.040 12 3.20 0.126 17
1.27 0.050 13 4.06 0.160 18
1.60 0.063 14 5.08 0.200 19
2.03 0.080 15 6.35 0.250 20
2.54 0.100 16 8.13 0.320 21

11. DENSITOMETER AND CALIBRATION.

11.1 A calibrated densitometer shall be used for judging film density. Densitometer shall
be calibrated at least every 90 days during use.

11.2 A step wedge calibration film, traceable to a national standard step tablet and having
at least five steps with neutral densities from at least1.0 through 4.0, shall be used
for densitometer calibration.

11.3 The step wedge calibration film shall be maintained in the original light-tight and
waterproof sealed package, prior to first use.

11.4 Upon opening, the date of opening shall be marked and signed by the In-charge QA-
QC or by NDE Level III.
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11.5 The step wedge calibration film may be used for densitometer calibration and
periodic verification for one year upon opening without verification if it is within the
manufacturer’s stated shelf life.

11.6 Manufacturer’s step-by-step instructions for the operation of the densitometer shall
be followed.

11.7 For calibration purpose, the density closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 on the step
wedge calibration film shall be read.

11.8 The densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than +
0.05 units from the actual density stated on the step wedge calibration film.

11.9 A calibration certificate shall be made and the following information’s shall be
detailed in the certificate.

1. Density meter Manufacturer, Model and Serial Number.

2. Step wedge calibration film Manufacturer and Serial Number.
3. The step numbers used for density verification.
4. The density of each step.
5. The actual density measured by the densitometer.
6. The variations observed.
7. Date of calibration done.
8. Name and Level of individual performed the calibration.
9. Next due date for calibration.

11.10 Periodic calibration verification shall be done as per 11.1 to 11.8 shall be performed
at the beginning of each shift, after 8 hours of continuous use, or after change of
apertures, whichever comes first. The periodic densitometer verification checks do
not have to be documented.
12. Geometrical Unsharpness

Radiography shall be performed so that Geometrical Unsharpness of the radiograph does not
exceed the following limits for ASME SEC VIII Div.1 & 2.

Material Thickness in in. (mm) Ug maximum in in. (mm)

Under 2 (50) 0.020 (0.51)
2 through 3 (50-75) 0.030 (0.76)
Over 3 to 4 (75-100) 0.040 (1.02)
Greater than 4 (100) 0.070 (1.78)

The above table may be used as a guide, but not for the rejection of radiographs unless the
geometric unsharpness exceeds 0.07 in. (1.80mm) for all welds examined by radiography
as per ASME SEC I & ASME B 31.1.
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Note: Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based.

Minimum SFD/ FFD in order to achieve this shall be calculated as follows:-

(D+T) = SFD = S x T + T
Ug
Where, SFD = Source/ Focal spot to film distance (SFD/ FFD)
S = The maximum projected dimension of the radiating source in the
plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being
radiographed or effective focal spot in case of an X-ray machine.
T = distance from the source side of Weld or object to the film.
Ug = Geometrical Unsharpness.
D = Distance from the source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed.

D and T shall be determined to the approximate center of the area of interest.

13 Back Scatter Radiation

As a check on Back Scattered Radiation, a lead letter ‘B’ with minimum dimension of ½ in.
(13mm) in height and 1/16 in. (1.5mm) in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film
holder. The Lead symbol shall be placed in a location so that it would appear with in an
area on the radiograph that meets the the density and density variation requirements as
stated in clause 21 of this procedure. Should a light image of the letter ‘B’ be clearly appear
on the Radiograph, corrective measures shall be taken and the area shall be Re-radiographed
until satisfactory results are obtained.
A dark image of the “B” on a lighter background is not a cause for rejection.

14 Radiographic Techniques
14.1 A single wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography wherever practical.
14.2 Where it is not practical to use a Single-Wall Technique, a Double-Wall Technique
shall be used.
14.2.1 Single Wall Technique - Single Wall Viewing (SWSI):
In Single Wall Technique, the radiation passes through only one wall of the Weld or
object, which is viewed for acceptance.
Annexure - I and Annexure - II illustrates different exposure arrangement for Single
Wall Radiographic Technique.
14.2.2 Double wall Technique, Single wall viewing (DWSI):
In this Technique, the Radiation passes through two walls and only the Weld on the
Film Side Wall is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph.
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Coverage:
When complete coverage is required for Circumferential Welds, a minimum of three
exposures at 120o to each other shall be made.
Annexure - III illustrates different exposure arrangement for Double wall Technique
and Single Wall Viewing.
14.2.3 Double Wall Technique, Double wall viewing:
For Welds in component 3 ½” (89mm) or less in nominal outside diameter, this
technique will be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and the weld
in both walls is viewed for acceptance in the same radiograph. For Double Wall
Technique, Double wall viewing, only a Source Side IQI shall be used. If the Ug
requirement cannot be met, Single Wall Viewing shall be used.
The radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the Weld will be at an angle
sufficient to separate the images of the Source Side and Film Side portions of the
Weld and is called an elliptical exposure.
As an alternative, the Welds may be radiographed in such a way, so that the images of
both walls are superimposed.
When complete coverage is required, a minimum of two exposures per joints shall be
made at 900 to each other for elliptical exposures and a minimum of three exposures
at either 60o or 120o to each other shall be made for superimposed exposures.
Additional exposure shall be made if the required radiograph coverage cannot be
obtained using the minimum number of exposure as indicated above.
Techniques of radiography shall be as illustrated in the Annexure – IV.

15 Location Markers
15.1 Location markers shall appear as Radiographic images. They shall be placed on the
part and not on the exposure holder cassette. Their locations shall be permanently
marked on the surface of the part being radiographed or on a map in a manner
permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately located on the part, so
as to provide guidance on the radiograph that the required coverage of the region
being examined has been obtained.
15.2 Lead location markers will be placed on the part at clearly marked intervals.
15.3 Location markers will be placed according to that illustrated in Annexure – V.
Markers for Double Wall technique, Double Wall viewing shall be placed on the
Source side of the component (on the opposite side of the of the Weld to the
radiation source for elliptical technique).
15.4 All location markers for Double Wall technique, Double Wall viewing shall be
positioned prior to commencing radiography and shall remain in position throughout
radiography of that weld, to enable the interpreter to be fully aware of the direction
and orientation of successive exposures.
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16 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS

The Image Quality Indicators used shall be either ASTM SE-1025 Hole type or ASTM SE-
747 Wire type.
16.1 The Hole type IQIs may be used with shims when required.
16.2 Hole types IQIs are available in sizes as given in Table 3.
16.3 Wire type IQI, wire diameter and wire identity are as given in Table 4..
16.4 Wire type IQI designed and manufactured in accordance with other national or
international standards may be used provided the alternative wire IQI essential
diameter is equal or less than the required ASTM E-747 standard IQI essential wire.
17 Material for IQI
17.1 The material of the IQI shall be of similar Radiographic density to that material
under examination i.e. Steel for Steel, Aluminum for Aluminum.
17.2 When special alloy materials are required to be radiographed reference shall be made
to ASME Sec V, Article 22 SE142 for selection of appropriate IQI material type.
18 Selection of IQI
18.1 IQI shall be selected as specified in Annexure – VI. A thinner or thicker Hole type
IQI may be substituted for any section thickness as given in Annexure - VII provided
an equivalent IQI sensitivity is maintained.
18.2 Welds with reinforcements: The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal
Single-Wall thickness plus the actual weld reinforcement thickness estimated to be
present on both side of the weld (ID and OD). The value used for the estimated
weld reinforcement shall not to exceed the maximum permitted by the referencing
Code Section. Backing rings or strips shall not be considered as part of the thickness
in IQI selection. The actual measurement of the Weld reinforcement is not required.
18.3 Welds without Reinforcements: The thickness on which the IQI is based is the
nominal Single-Wall thickness. Backing rings or strips shall not be considered as
part of the Weld thickness in IQI thickness.
18.4 With regard 18.2 and 18.3, when the actual thickness is measured, IQI selection
may be based on the known value of the thickness.
18.5 Welds joining Dissimilar Materials or Welds with Dissimilar Filler Metal: When the
Weld metal is of an alloy group or grade that has a radiation attenuation that differs
from the base material, the IQI material selection shall be based on the weld metal
and be in accordance with 17.1 When the density limits of 20.1 & 21.0 cannot be met
with one IQI and the exceptional density area(s) is at the interface of the weld metal
and the base metal, the material selection for the additional IQIs shall be based on the
base material and be in accordance with 17.1.
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19 Placement of IQI
19.1 The Wire type IQI shall be placed on the source side, across the length of weld so
that the wires are at 90o to the seam. The plaque type IQI shall be placed adjacent to
the Weld approx. 1/8” (3 mm) away from weld edge.
19.2 Where inaccessibility prevents hand placement of the IQI on the Source Side, a film
side IQI may be used and letter F shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI without
disturbing the hole or wire.
20 Number of IQI
20.1 IQI shall be placed so that at least one IQI is visible on each radiograph. If the
density of the radiograph through the length of the area of interest varies by more
than minus 15% or plus 30% then additional IQIs shall be placed in the areas where
the densities are beyond the limitations and the radiographs shall be retaken.
20.2 For cylindrical vessels where one or more film are used and complete circumference
is radiographed by panoramic shot, at least three IQIs shall be used each located at
approximately 120o apart. Where sections of longitudinal weld adjoining the
circumferential shall be radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld,
an additional IQI shall be placed on each such longitudinal weld at the end of the
each section most remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being
radiographed.
20.3 For cylinder vessels where the source is placed at the axis of the object and more
films are used for single exposure of a section of the circumference, at least three IQI
shall be used. One IQI shall be in the approximately center of the section exposed
and others at equal interval. When the section of circumference exposed exceeds
240o the rules 19.2 apply. In each case, additional film location may be required to
establish proper IQI spacing, otherwise at least one IQI image shall appear on each
radiograph.
20.4 Where the spherical vessel with circumferential and long seams are simultaneously
radiographed with one or more films by keeping the source at the center of the vessel
at least three IQI at approximately 120o apart shall be placed on the circumferential
seam and on all the other welds radiographed simultaneously on the same vessel, one
additional IQI shall be used.
20.5 For segments of spherical vessel where the source is located at the center of the
vessel and four or more film holders are used for a single exposure, the IQI shall be
placed as detailed in 20.3.
20.6 Where one or more components are radiographed simultaneously by a panoramic
technique, each film should have image of IQI.
20.7 When Panoramic Technique is used the no. of exposures/ films represented by the
film containing IQI, shall be documented in the technique sheet to enable correct
identification of radiographs that would require re-shoots due to improper sensitivity
exhibited on the reference radiograph.
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20.8 In order to maintain continuity of records involving the exposures, all the radiographs
exhibiting IQI that verify the techniques permitted in accordance with 20.3 must be
retained.
21 IQI Sensitivity and Density
Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the
designated hole type IQI image and the 2T hole, or the essential wire of a wire IQI. The
radiographs shall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters.
The density of radiographs shall be between 1.8 minimum and 4 maximum for X-Ray, 2
minimum and 4 maximum for Gamma ray. Density variations permitted in the area of
interest shall be -15 % to +30 % from the density measured through the body of the hole IQI
adjacent to the essential hole or near the require wire of the wire IQI.
When shims are used with hole IQI, the +30% density restrictions may be exceeded and the
minimum density requirements do not apply for the IQI provided the required sensitivity is
achieved.
22 Processing
22.1 Processing will be manual
22.2 Development of film is to be done following the Time / Temperature correction chart
as recommended by film manufactures. Films shall be agitated for first 10sec.of each
minute during development. This will help film develop evenly.
22.3 The developer solution should be changed immediately after the quantity of films
developed exceeds 7000 sq.inches per gallon of developer solution.
22.4 Replenishing of developer solution shall be done for compensating the developer
solution level coming away by the film & hanger.
22.5 Quantity of films developed in the dark room shall be displayed and updated regular
intervals to know the amount of films developed.
22.6 Following development, the activity of developer in emulsion shall be neutralized by
an acetic acid stop acid bath for ½ to 1 minute with agitation for first 10 sec.
22.7 Films will be fixed for at least twice the clearing time with agitation for the first 10
sec. and again at the end of the first minute.
22.8 Washing will be for at least 10 minutes in running water bath or by Cascade method.
22.9 Films shall be dipped in wetting agent for 1 min.
22.10 Films shall be drained, then hung and dried.
23 Viewing of Radiographs
Viewing facility shall provide subdued background lighting of an intensity that will not cause
reflections, shadows or glare on the Radiograph that interfere with the interpretation process.
The viewer used shall provide a variable intensity light source, which will emit sufficient
illumination to enable the interpreter to distinguish all the pertinent details of radiography.
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24 Acceptance Criteria
24.1 Full Radiography.

a. As per Clause 136.4.5 (A) for ASME B 31.1.

b. As per Clause PW 51.3 for ASME Sec. I.
c. As per Clause UW. 51 (b) for ASME Sec VIII. Div.1.
d. As per Clause 7.5.3.2 for ASME Sec. VIII. Div. 2.
e. As per Clause QW-191.1.2. for ASME Sec. IX.

24.2 Spot Radiographic Examination (As per ASME Sec VIII. Div.1.)
24.2.1 The minimum length of Spot radiograph shall be 6 inches (150 mm).
24.2.2 Spot shall be selected by AI.
24.2.3 The acceptance standards for spot radiography will be as under,
a. Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or Penetration shall be
unacceptable.
b. Any elongated indications, which are characterized, as slag inclusion or
cavities shall be unacceptable, if the length of any such indication
greater than 2/3rd “t” where t is the thickness of weld excluding any
allowable reinforcement. If a full penetration includes a fillet weld, the
thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in “t”.
c. If several Indications with in the above limitation exit in line the weld
shall be judged acceptable, if the sum of the longest dimension of all
such indication is not more than t in a length of 6t (or proportionality
for radiographer shorter than 6t) and if the longest indication
considered are separated by at least 3L of acceptable weld metal, where
L is the length of the longest indication.
d. The maximum length of acceptable indication shall be ¾ inches
(19mm).
e. Indications shorter than ¼” (6mm) shall be acceptable for any plate
thickness.
f. Rounded indications in excess of 1.5 times of that shown in Appendix
– 4 of ASME section VIII Division.1 shall not be acceptable.
24.2.4 Accepted or unaccepted spot radiographs shall be treated for further evaluation and
retest as per UW52 (d)(1), (d)(2)(a), (d)(2)(b), and (d)(2)(c), of ASME Section VIII
Division 1.
25.0 Radiographic Report
A Radiographic Report as per the attached Annexure-VIII shall be prepared & present to the
inspector along with the radiographs. The Anup Engineering Limited shall be responsible
for the preparation of reports and presenting the radiographs to the inspection agency or
Authorized Inspector.
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Annexure-I

Exposure (Source-Weld-Film) Arrangement: A

Optional Source
Location

Film Film
Exposure Technique: Single wall Technique, Single wall Viewing.
Minimum Exposures: At least 3 exposures 120 degree to each other.
Pipe size Limitations: Any size.
IQI placement: Source side When ever Possible. Film Side when hand placing is not possible.
Location Marker Placement: Film Side.

Exposure (Source-Weld-Film) Arrangement: B

Source Location

Film Film

Exposure Technique: Single Wall Technique, Single wall Viewing. (Panoramic)

Minimum Exposures: One Exposure by placing the source at the axis of weld.
Pipe size Limitations: 10”dia and above.
IQI placement: Source side. If hand placing not possible, IQI can be placed on Film side.
Location Marker Placement: Film Side.
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Annexure-II

Exposure (Source-Weld-Film) Arrangement: C

Source Location

Film

Film

Exposure Technique: Single Wall Technique, Single wall Viewing. (Source Out side Pipe)
Minimum Exposures: At least 5 exposures at 72 degree to each other.
Pipe size Limitations: 12 inch dia. and above.
IQI placement: Source side.
Location Marker Placement: Source Side.
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Annexure-III

Exposure ( Source-Weld-Film) Arrangement: D

Optional Source
locations

Film Film

Exposure Technique: Double Wall Technique, Single wall Viewing.

Minimum Exposures: At least 3 exposures 120 degree to each other.
Pipe size Limitations: Any size.
IQI placement: Film Side.
Location Marker Placement: Film Side.
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Annexure-IV
Exposure (Source-Weld-Film) Arrangement: E

Source Location
Source
Offset

Film

Film Exposure
Technique: Double Wall Technique, Double wall Viewing. (Source Offset to read both source side and film
side images of weld. Elliptical images.)
Minimum Exposures: At least 2 exposures at 90 degree to each other.
Pipe size Limitations: 3 ½” (89mm) and below OD pipes.
IQI placement: Source side.
Location Marker Placement: Source Side.

Exposure (Source-Weld-Film) Arrangement: F

Source Location

Film

Film
Exposure Technique: Double Wall Technique, Double wall Viewing. (Read superimposed source side and
film side images of weld.)
Minimum Exposures: At least 3 exposures at 60 or 120 degree to each other.
Pipe size Limitations: 3 ½” (89mm) and below OD pipes.
IQI placement: Source side.
Location Marker Placement: Source Side.
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ANNEXURE V
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ANNEXURE VI

IQI SELECTION

REF: ASME Section V Article 2 Table T-276

Nominal Single- IQI

Wall Material Source side Film side
Thickness Range Wire- Wire-
Hole-Type Type Hole-Type Type
in. (mm) Designation Essential Designation Essential
Wire Wire
Up to 0.25, incl. (Up to 6.4, incl.) 12 5 10 4
Over 0.25 (Over 6.4 15 6 12 5
through 0.375 through 9.5)
Over 0.375 (Over 9.5 17 7 15 6
through 0.50 through 12.7)
Over 0.50 (Over 12.7 20 8 17 7
through 0.75 through 19.0)
Over 0.75 (Over 19.0 25 9 20 8
through 1.00 through 25.4)
Over 1.00 (Over 25.4 30 10 25 9
through 1.50 through 38.1)
Over 1.50 (Over 38.1 35 11 30 10
through 2.00 through 50.8)
Over 2.00 (Over 50.8 40 12 35 11
through 2.50 through 63.5)
Over 2.50 (Over 63.5 50 13 40 12
through 4.00 through 101.6)
Over 4.00 (Over 101.6 60 14 50 13
through 6.00 through 152.4)
Over 6.00 (Over 152.4 80 16 60 14
through 8.00 through 203.2)
Over 8.00 (Over 203.2 100 17 80 16
through 10.00 through 254.0)
Over 10.00 (Over 254.0 120 18 100 17
through 12.00 through 304.8)
Over 12.00 (Over 304.8 160 20 120 18
through 16.00 through 406.4)
Over 16.00 (Over 406.4 200 21 160 20
through 20.00 through 508.0)
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ANNEXURE VII

EQUIVALENT HOLE TYPE IQI SESINTIVITY

REF: ASME Section V Article 2 Table T-283

Hole Type Equivalent Hole type Designations

Designation
1T Hole 4T Hole
2T Hole
10 15 5
12 17 7
15 20 10
17 25 12
20 30 15
25 35 17
30 40 20
35 50 25
40 60 30
50 70 35
60 80 40
80 120 60
100 140 70
120 160 80
160 240 120
200 280 140
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Annexure-VIII