Unit-III 16 Marks

Apply Object Oriented

Concepts in PHP
CO.c : Develop program by applying various object
oriented concept.

By: Bhojankar M. N. 1
 Unit-III 16 Marks

Apply Object Oriented

Concepts in PHP
Objectives
• Develop program using control statement.
• Perform operations based on arrays and graphics.
• Develop programs by applying various object oriented concepts.
• Use form controls with validation to collect users input.
• Perform database operations in PHP.

By: Bhojankar M. N. 2
 Defining PHP Class
Classes and objects are the two main aspects of object-
oriented programming.
A class is a self-contained, independent collection of
variables and functions which work together to perform
one or more specific tasks.
While objects are individual instances of a class.
A class acts as a template or blueprint from which lots of
individual objects can be created.
When individual objects are created, they inherit the same
generic properties and behavior

3
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Defining PHP Class
 The general form for defining a class in PHP is as
follows:
<? php
class phpClass {
var $var1;
var $var2 = "constant string";
function myfunction ($arg1, $arg2) {
[..] [..]
}
}
?> 4
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Defining PHP Class

By: Bhojankar M. N. 5
Defining PHP Class
<?php
class Subject
{
// Properties
public $name;

// Methods
function set_name($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}

By: Bhojankar M. N.
Defining PHP Class
function get_name()
{
return $this->name;
}
}
?>

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Creating Objects
 Once you defined your class, then you can create as
many objects as you like of that class type. Following is
an example of how to create object using new operator.

$php = new Subject();

 Here we have created three objects and these objects

are independent of each other and they will have their
existence separately.

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling member functions
 After creating objects, we will able to call member
functions related to that object. One member function
will be able to process member variable of related object
only.
 Example shows how to set name for the calling member
functions.
$php->set_name('PHP');

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By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling member functions
 Now you call another member functions to get the
values set by in above example −

echo $php->get_name();

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By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling member functions
<?php classdemo.php
//PHP script to create a class & object
class Subject
{
// Properties
public $name;

// Methods
function set_name($name)
{
$this->name = $name;
}
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By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling member functions
function get_name()
{
return $this->name;
}
}

$php= new Subject();

$php->set_name('PHP');

echo $php->get_name();
echo "<br>";
?>
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By: Bhojankar M. N.
 PHP Class
Output:

Assignment: WA PHP script to create a class Book with

data members as name & price. set & display the
information for 3 book.

13

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Assignment
<?php
class Book
{
// Properties
public $name;
public $price;

// Methods
function set_name($name,$price)
{
$this->name=$name;
$this->price=$price;
}
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By: Jadhav S. B.
 Assignment
function get_name()
{
echo ' Book name: ',$this->name;
echo ' Book price: ',$this->price;
}
}
$sub1= new Book();
$sub2= new Book();
$sub3= new Book();

$sub1->set_name('PHP',233.44);
$sub2->set_name('Android',434.54);
$sub3->set_name('Python',656.45);
15
By: Jadhav S. B.
 Assignment
echo $sub1->get_name();
echo "<br>";
echo $sub2->get_name();
echo "<br>";
echo $sub3->get_name();
?>
Output:

16
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Creating Constructor
 A constructor allows you to initialize an object's
properties upon creation of the object.
 If you create a __construct() function, PHP will
automatically call this function when you create an
object from a class.
 Notice that the construct function starts with two
underscores (__)!
 using a constructor saves us from calling the set_name()
method which reduces the amount of code:

17

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Creating Constructor
__construct():
Syntax:
function __construct()
{
// initialize object & its properties by assigning values
}
Eg:
function __construct()
{
echo “This is default constructor..”;
} 18

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Creating Constructor
Constructor types:
 Default Constructor: It has no parameters, but the values
to the default constructor can be passed dynamically.

 Parameterized Constructor: It takes the parameters, and

also you can pass different values to the data members.

 Copy Constructor: It accepts the address of the other

objects as a parameter.

19

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling Constructor
<?php classdemo2.php
class Book
{
public $name;
public $price;

function __construct($name, $price)

{
$this->name=$name;
$this->price=$price;
}

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By: Bhojankar M. N.
By: Jadhav S. B.
 Calling Constructor
function get_name()
{
return $this->name;
}
function get_price()
{
return $this->price;
}
}
$php=new Book("PHP","434.54");
echo "Book name:",$php->get_name();
echo "<br>";
echo "Book price:",$php->get_price();
?> 21
By: Jadhav S. B.
 User defined Constructor:
 In the case of Pre-defined Constructor(__construct) and
user-defined constructor in the same class, the Pre-
defined Constructor becomes Constructor while user-
defined constructor becomes the normal method.

22

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling Constructor
<?php classdemo3.php
class Tree
{
function Tree() //User defined constructor
{
echo "Its a User-defined Constructor of class Tree";
}
function __construct() //Predefined Constructor
{
echo "Its a Pre-defined Constructor of the class
Tree";
}
}
$obj= new Tree(); 23
By: Jadhav S. B.
 PHP Constructor

Output:

24

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Creating Destructor
 A destructor is called when the object is destructed or
the script is stopped or exited.
 If you create a __destruct() function, PHP will
automatically call this function at the end of the script.
 It function starts with two underscores (__).
 The example below has a __construct() function that is
automatically called when you create an object from a
class, and a __destruct() function that is automatically
called at the end of the script:

25

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Calling Constructor & Destructor
<?php // dest.php
class Fruit {
public $name;

function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
function __destruct() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name}.";
}
}
$apple = new Fruit("Apple");
?>
26
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Inheritance in PHP
 In object oriented programming, Inheritance enables a
class to use properties and methods of an existing class.
 Often while coding we come across situations where in
we have to create a new class with all the functionalities
of an existing class and some additional methods.
 It is an extension to an existing class, in such cases, we
can either copy all the properties and methods of the
existing class into the new class to make them available
in the new class or we can simply inherit the old class in
the new class.
 The class which is inherited is called Parent class(or
super class or base class) while the class which is
inheriting other class is called as Child class(or sub class
27
 Inheritance in PHP
Syntax:
In PHP, extends keyword is used to specify the name
of the parent class while defining the child class.
<?php
class Student
{
// parent class code
}
class CO extends Student
{
// child class code
28

} By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Inheritance in PHP
class ME extends Student
{
// child class code
}
?>

29

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Hirarchical Inheritance
<?php // inherit.php
//Program to demonstrate the multiple inheritance
// parent class
class Student
{
// public property name
public $name;

// public function walk

public function onlineexam() {
echo $this->name. " is giving online exam...<br/>";
}
}
?> 30
By: Jadhav S. B.
 Hirarchical Inheritance
// child class
class CO extends Student
{
public function cotheoryexam()
{
echo $this->name. " is giving co theory
exam...<br/>";
}
public function copracticalexam()
{
echo $this->name. " is giving co practical exam...<br/>";
}
}
31
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Hirarchical Inheritance
// child class
class ME extends Student
{
public function metheoryexam()
{
echo $this->name. " is giving me
theory exam...<br/>";
}
public function mepracticalexam()
{
echo $this->name. " is giving me
practical exam...<br/>";
}
} 32
By: Jadhav S. B.
 Hirarchical Inheritance
$c= new CO();
$c->name="CORaj";
$m= new ME();
$m->name="MERaj";

// calling Student class methods

$c->onlineexam();//Calling super class method
$m->onlineexam();

$c->cotheoryexam();//Calling co sub class method

$c->copracticalexam();
$m->metheoryexam();//Calling me sub class method
$m->mepracticalexam();
?> 33
By: Jadhav S. B.
 Multiple Inheritance
 Output:

34
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Object cloning
 Object cloning is the process to create a copy of an
object.
 Cloning in PHP is maintained by creating a shallow copy
of the object.
 We can create copy of an object using” =” operator than
why to use object cloning.
 When you have created a copy of an object using “=”
operator. The reference of both the object (original and
the one which is created) has the same reference.
 After copying, when you will change the value of the
variable of one object then other object will
automatically gets changed.
35

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Object cloning
<?php // clone1.php
//Program to demonstrate the object copy
class employee {

private $name;
public function text($emp_name) {
$this->name = $emp_name;

}
public function Name() {
return $this->name;
}
}
36
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Object cloning
$obj1 = new employee();
$obj1->text("Vijay");

$obj2 = $obj1; //only reference or memory assigned to

$obj2
$obj2->text("Ragini");

echo $obj1->Name()."</br>"; // Neha will be replaced by Ragini

echo $obj2->Name();
?>
Output:
Ragini // $obj1 displays Ragini
Ragini // $obj2 also display Ragini
37
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Object cloning
 As in the above example, we can say that when the
object is copied directly it is copied by reference, not by
value.
 It means when you have changed the main object value
then copied object is also gets affected and also when
you will change the value of copied object then the main
object value will also gets changed.
 This problem is solved by object cloning in which object
will never have the reference of main object or original
object.
 To clone an object means to create a similar object with
different reference.
 Example Program: 38

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Object cloning
<?php // clone2.php
//Program to demonstrate the object copy
class employee {

private $name;
public function text($emp_name) {
$this->name = $emp_name;

}
public function Name() {
return $this->name;
}
}
39
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Object cloning
$obj1 = new employee();
$obj1->text("Neha");

$obj2 = clone $obj1; //only reference or memory

assigned to $obj2

$obj2->text("Ragini");

echo $obj1->Name()."</br>";
echo $obj2->Name();
?>
Output:
Neha 40
By: Bhojankar M. N.
Ragini
 Introspection:
 Introspection is a common feature in any programming
language which allows object classes to be manipulated
by the programmer.
 PHP offers a large number functions that you can use to
accomplish the Introspection.
 There are some handful functions to implement
introspection of PHP’s.
class_exists() –>
Takes class name as string and returns a boolean
value depending on whether that class exist or not.
$existence_status = class_exists(classname);

41

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Introspection:
get_declared_class() returns an array classes defined
using this array we can check if a perticular class exist or
not.
Eg:
$classes = get_declared_classes();

get_class_methods() returns an array of method name

defined in class and also which are inherited from
superclass.
$methodNames = get_class_methods(classname);
get_class_vars() returns an associative array of in which
keys are the property names in a class and values are their
42
respective values of eachBy:property.
Bhojankar M. N.
 Introspection:
get_parent_class() returns the parent class name of
class as argument.
$superclassName = get_parent_class(class and);

get_class_methods()& get_class_vars() returns

properties of object & methods.

Is_Object() It is used to check if the parameter passed is

an object or not, it returns a boolean value.
$object_status = is_object(obj);

get_class() used to get class correspoding to an object

43

passed as argument. By: Bhojankar M. N.

 Introspection:
?php //introspec.php
//php script to implement the concept of introspection
class Introspection
{
public function description()
{
echo "I am a super class for the Child class.",'<br>';
}
}

44
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Introspection:
class Child extends Introspection{
public function description()
{
echo "I'm " . get_class($this) , " class.",'<br>';
echo "I'm " . get_parent_class($this) , "'s
child.",'<br>';
}
}
if (class_exists("Introspection"))
{
$introspection = new Introspection();
echo "The class name is: " .
get_class($introspection),'<br>';
45
$introspection->description();By: Jadhav S. B.
 Introspection:
if (class_exists("Child")) {
$child = new Child();
$child->description();
if (is_subclass_of($child, "Introspection"))
{
echo "Yes, " . get_class($child) . " is a subclass of
Introspection.";
}
else
{
echo "No, " . get_class($child) . " is not a subclass of
Introspection.";
} 46
} By: Jadhav S. B.
 Introspection:
Output:

47
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Introspection:
//introspec1.php
Output:

48
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 Serialization:
 Serializing an object means converting it to a bytestream
representation that can be stored in a file.
 This is useful for persistent data;
 For example, PHP sessions automatically save and
restore objects.
 Serialization in PHP is mostly automatic—it is requires to
call the serialize( ) and unserialize( ) functions:
$encoded = serialize(something);
$something = unserialize(encoded);

49

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 serialize() Function
 The serialize() function converts a storable
representation of a value.
 To serialize data means to convert a value to a sequence
of bytes, so that it can be stored in a file, a memory
buffer, or transmitted across a network.
 Syntax:
serialize(value);

Where,
Serialize() function It returns a string that contains a byte-
stream representation of value.
50

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 serialize() function
<?php
$data = serialize(array("Red", "Green", "Blue"));
echo $data;
?>

 Output:

51
By: Bhojankar M. N.
 unserialize() Function
 The unserialize() function converts serialized data back
into actual data.
Syntax:
unserialize(string);

The above unserialze() function converts the data

from byte stream format into string.

52

By: Bhojankar M. N.
 unserialize() function
<?php
$data = serialize(array("Red", "Green", "Blue"));
echo $data;
?>

 Output:

53
By: Bhojankar M. N.