Math 180 Lecture Sheets

Week 9
Keywords: local extrema, monotonicity, concavity, inflection point, graphing functions

9 Module 5 Lecture Sheet Part 1

4.3 What Derivatives Tell Us

4.4 Graphing Functions

4.3 What Derivatives Tell Us

Question 1 Use the properties below to sketch a graph of a function f that is continuous
on ( 1, 1) and satisfies the following conditions.

• f 0 > 0 on ( 1, 2), (3, 5), and y

(5, 1).
3

F
2
• f 0 < 0 on ( 2, 3).
1
x
• f 0 ( 2) is undefined.
3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
• f 0 (3) = f 0 (5) = 0

� Watch the Video with a sample graph from info from f 0

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Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9
Question 2 Let f (x) = 2x3 3x2 12x.

(a) Find the critical points.

3x2 -
12x
6(x- - X -

2) a

& (k) 1 x 3
-

m4(x 2)(x + )
=0
-

& (x) = (x 6x
- -

= -
x: z x
:0
6x" - 6X-1
(b) Find the interval(s) on which the function y = f (x) is increasing/decreasing and the
x values where f (x) has a local minimum/maximum.

9
!

#
(c) Sketch the graph of y = f (x).

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 Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9
Question 3 Look at the following segments. For each segment, label if it is increasing or
decreasing, and whether it is concave up or concave down. -

T
-

concave up concave down

(a) Look at the segments that are concave up. What can you say about the slope of the
tangent lines? Are they increasing or decreasing going from left to right?

↑
(b) Since the second derivative is the derivative of the first derivative, what can you say

Gin
about the sign of f 00 when the graph of f is concave up?

Its from + to
(c) Do the same for the segments that are concave down. -p"0
de
↓ -
to
+o
Test for concavity Suppose f 00 exists on an open interval I.

• If f 00 > 0 on I, then f is concave up on I.

• If f 00 < 0 on I, then f is concave down on I.

• If c is a point of I at which f 00 changes sign at c, then c is called an inflection

point of f .

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Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9
Question 4 Sketch the graph shape that is described.

(a) f 0 > 0, f 00 > 0 (c) f 0 < 0, f 00 > 0 (e) f 0 < 0, f 00 = 0

# L -

(b) f 0 > 0, f 00 < 0 (d) f 0 < 0, f 00 < 0 (f ) f 0 > 0, f 00 = 0

- -

Question 5 Let f (x) = x3 x2 , find the intervals where f is increasing/decreasing/concave

up/down, and sketch the graph of y = f (x).

3x2-2x 35-20 6x 0

l'(x)
-
2=
=

X (3x -
2) X I
l"(x) 6x = - 2 y
= 0 +
:2

-
+

I (

inc 10 ,87 rep

du 1015) Culi) (D(-xis)
64
 Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9
ln x
Question 6 f (x) =
x

(a) Find the domain of y = f (x).

lo ,
d
(b) Find f 0 (x) and f 00 (x).

i
-
un

0 zdux 3.
1 (n(x)
-
=

1 X
:2 e
enx :

65
Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9

(c) On which interval(s) is f (x) increasing? decreasing? Does f have any local max or
min?

-/ e
+

e'l
excalm
o
(d) On which interval(s) is f (x) concave up? down? Does f have any points of inflec-
tion?

An e
2
2:

� Watch the Video on the First and Second Derivative Tests

First Derivative Test for Local Extrema Suppose f 0 is continuous on an open

interval containing c with f 0 (c) = 0.
• If f 0 (x) < 0 for x close to c and x < c, and f 0 (x) > 0 for x close to c and x > c,
then f has a local minimum at c.
• If f 0 (x) > 0 for x close to c and x < c, and f 0 (x) < 0 for x close to c and x > c,
then f has a local maximum at c.
Second Derivative Test for Local Extrema Suppose f 00 is continuous on an open
interval containing c with f 0 (c) = 0.
• If f 00 (c) > 0, then f has a local minimum at c.
• If f 00 (c) < 0, then f has a local maximum at c.
• If f 00 (c) = 0, the test is inconclusive.

66
 Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9
4.4 Graphing Functions

Question 7 The graph of the derivative f 0 of a function f is shown below:

&.
(a) On what intervals is f increasing or decreasing?
+ 301- 0 , 2)v() +16 03
,

20 (n b)
+ .

(b) At what values of x does f have a local maximum or minimum?

localmas I
local mind
(c) On what intervals is f concave upward or downward?
CD1 - +
,
2) v (3 5)
,

Cu (1 b)r 15 ,9)
,

(d) Assuming that f (0) = 0, sketch a graph of f .

Ex
#run
� Watch the Video on Graph of f from graph of f 0

67
Math 180 Lecture Sheets
Week 9
Question 8 Consider for x 6= 1:
x2 x 2 x2 x 2 0 5 x 2(x 7)
f (x) = 2 = 2
, f (x) = 3
, f 00 (x) =
x 2x + 1 (x 1) (x 1) (x 1)4

(a) Does f have any vertical or horizontal asymptotes?

VAX =

HA
y
= )
(b) On what intervals is f increasing or decreasing?At what values of x does f have a

fine (1
local maximum or minimum?
51
5-X: 0 5
:

X ,

educ
(c) On what intervals is f concave upward or downward?

(d) Sketch a graph of f .

cucyp

F
� Watch the Video on Graphing Rational Functions

68