Scribd
Upload
1K views

Reduction To Standard Logical Form

This document contains three test papers with logic and reasoning questions. The questions ask students to take sentences and reduce them to their standard categorical form, and then provide the conversion for each. Standard categorical form involves rewriting the sentence using logical variables like S for subject and P for predicate. Conversions include operations like contraposition, conversion, and obversion that manipulate the logical variables. The tests cover topics like logical reductions, categorical forms, and converting statements.

Uploaded by

Dharmendra Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Reduction To Standard Logical Form

This document contains three test papers with logic and reasoning questions. The questions ask students to take sentences and reduce them to their standard categorical form, and then provide the conversion for each. Standard categorical form involves rewriting the sentence using logical variables like S for subject and P for predicate. Conversions include operations like contraposition, conversion, and obversion that manipulate the logical variables. The tests cover topics like logical reductions, categorical forms, and converting statements.

Uploaded by

Dharmendra Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Roll No.

Name:

Dated:25th February, 2012

S.G.T.B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi


B.A. (H) Economics -- Test 101
Reduce the following sentences into their standard categorical form and give their respective conversions.

1. Roses are fragrant. a. Standard Logical Form: All roses are fragrant things. b. Conversion: Some P is S (by limitations). c. Obversion: No S is non-P. 2. A soft answer turneth away wrath. a. Standard Logical Form: All soft answers are things that turn away wrath. b. Contraposition: All non-P is non-S. c. Obversion: No S is non-P. 3. He sees not his shadow who faces the sun. a. Standard Logical Form: No people who face the sun are people who see their own shadows. b. Contradictory: Some S is P. c. Obversion: All S is non-P. 4. None but the brave deserve the fair. a. Standard Logical Form: 1) All brave people are people who deserve the fair also. 2) All people who deserve the fair are brave people. b. Conversion: Some P is S(By limitations) c. Contraposition: All non-P is non-S. 5. It is not uncommon for a musician to have perfect pitch. a. Standard Logical Form: Some musicians are people with perfect pitch. b. Conversion: Some P is S. c. Obversion: Some S is not non-P.

Roll No.

Name:

Dated:25th February, 2012

S.G.T.B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi


B.A.(H) Economics -- Test 102
Reduce the following sentences into their standard categorical form and give their respective conversions.

1. All most all students were at the dance. a. Standard Logical Form: Some students are persons who were at the dance, and Some students are not persons who were at the dance. b. Conversion: Some P is S and not valid c. Obversion: Some S is not non-P and Some S is non-P 2. He prayeth well who loveth well a. Standard Logical Form: All people who love well are people who pray well. b. Contraposition: All non-P is non-S. c. Obversion: No S is non-P. 3. When the cats away, the mice will play. a. Standard Logical Form: All times when the cat is away are times when the mice will play. b. Conversion: Some P is S (By limitations). c. Contradictory: Some S is not P.

4. All swans are not white. a. Standard Logical Form: Some swans are not white. b. Contraposition: Some non-P is not non-S. c. Obversion: Some S is non-P. 5. Nothing ventured, nothing gained. a. Standard Logical Form: No non-ventured things are gained things. b. Conversion: No P is S. c. Obversion: All S is non-P.

Roll No.

Name:

Dated:25th February, 2012

S.G.T.B. Khalsa College, University of Delhi


B.A.(H) Economics -- Test 103
Reduce the following sentences into their standard categorical form and give their respective conversions. In Answers you are supposed to substitute the subject matter in place of S, P, non-S and non-P.

1. Orchids are not fragrant. a. Standard Logical Form: Some Orchids are not fragrant things. b. Conversion: not valid Some P is not S c. Obversion: Some S is non-P 2. The young Turks support no candidate of the Old Guard. a. Standard Logical Form: 1) No candidates of the Old Guard are persons supported by the Young Turks. 2) No Young Turks are supporters of candidates of the Old Guard. b. Conversion: No P is S. c. Obversion: All S is non-P. 3. Nothing is both round and square. a. Standard Logical Form: No round objects are square objects. b. Conversion: No P is S. c. Obversion: All S is non-P. 4. Employees alone are not eligible. a. Standard Logical Form: All nonemployees are eligible and No employees are eligible. b. Conversion: Some P is S and No P is S. c. Obversion: No S is non-P and All S is non-P.

5. No warships are available for active duty. a. Standard Logical Form: No warships are things available for active duty. b. Conversion: No P is S. c. Obversion: All S is non P.

You might also like