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03 MyClass Upper Int Linking Words

The document discusses the role of clauses and linking words in constructing complex sentences in English grammar. It explains the distinction between main and subordinate clauses, and provides examples of various types of linking words used to connect ideas. Additionally, it encourages readers to practice using linking words in their writing.

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violetgrungegirl
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2 views9 pages

03 MyClass Upper Int Linking Words

The document discusses the role of clauses and linking words in constructing complex sentences in English grammar. It explains the distinction between main and subordinate clauses, and provides examples of various types of linking words used to connect ideas. Additionally, it encourages readers to practice using linking words in their writing.

Uploaded by

violetgrungegirl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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L in k i n g

Wo r d s
Linking Words

CLAUSE

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

COMPLEX SENTENCES
Linking Words

CLAUSE

The basic unit of English grammar is the clause.


We join clauses together to make a sentence.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

In a sentence with two clauses one will generally carry the more
important information of the sentence.
The one with the less information is called the subordinate clause.
Linking Words

COMPLEX SENTENCES

When we make complex sentences with a number of clauses, we often


join the clauses together with conjunctions and adverbial phrases.

I had made a plan while I was waiting and because I wanted to get things moving
quickly, I had pre-ordered materials so as to allow the most urgent work to start.
I had made a plan | while I was waiting | and because I wanted to get things moving
quickly, | I had pre-ordered materials | so as to allow the most urgent work to start.

This sentence has 5 clauses.


Linking Words

LINKING WORDS

Sometimes we put less important information at the beginning of a


sentence using linking words.

Everywhere we went, we saw the effects of the storm,…


By the time the funds arrived, I had a good idea of what needed to be
done.
Until then, I had had no idea how serious the damage had been.
Unless it is all ready to go, the thing won’t get printed at all.

This is called a subordinate clause.


Linking Words

LINKING WORDS

Sometimes we use several linking words in one long sentence


expressing a single piece of the action or theme of the story.

I had made a plan while I was waiting and because I wanted


to get things moving quickly, I had pre-ordered materials so as
to allow the most urgent work to start.

In this sentence, while comes after the main clause and


because comes before the next one. So as links the action of
the first part of the sentence to the outcome of the whole.
Linking Words

LINKING WORDS

There are other patterns to be aware of, too.

Of course I don’t expect you to pay me. Example


Although, could you suggest people give some money to one of
the charities, if you think that’s possible?

In this example, although links back to the previous sentence,


even though it is the start of another sentence.
Both this and the last clause, if you think … are subordinate to
the main idea of the sentence, which falls between the two.
Linking Words

LINKING WORDS

There are numerous types of linking words.

Contrast clauses although; though; even though; while;


Reason clauses because; since; as
Place clauses where; wherever; everywhere
Purpose clauses so that; so; because + want
Result clauses so that; so … that; such … that
Time clauses when; before; after; since; while; as; as soon as;
by the time; until
Conditional clauses if; unless; provided (that); as long as
ontinue......
Before you c

This is a short discussion on conjunctions and adverbial phrases used as linking


words in complex sentences. The examples show the main ways people use them.
Review this presentation and make a note of the main types of linking words.
Can you think of a story about a storm or something else that caused damage?
Can you link together several connected ideas using linking words?
In your blog, write a few sentences of your story thinking about whether you put
the links before or after the main idea.

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