Mathematical Reasoning { Table of Contents About the GED® Test..... About the GED? Mathematical Reasoning Test GED® Test on Computer .... About Steck-Vaughn Test Preparation for the GED® Test, Second Edition Calculator. Formulas for the GED® Mathematical Reasoning Test Test-Taking Tips .... UNIT 1 Number Sense and Operations LESSON 4: Whole Numbers 4 FYACHONS cone 5: Ratios and Proportion High Impact Lesson: Fractions, Absolute Value . 7: Percent ... High Impact Lesson: Percent .. Number Sense and Operations at UNIT 2 Measurement/Data Analysis LESSON 41; Measurement and Units of Measure 2: Length, Area, and Volume ..... High Impact Lesson: Ratios and Proportions ‘3: Mean, Median, and Mode 4: Probability 5: Bar and Line Graphs ... 6: Citcle Graphs asso 7; Dot Plots, Histograms, and Box Plots Measurement/Data Analysis at Work UNIT 3 Algebra, Functions, and Patterns LESSON 1: Algebraic Expressions and Variables 2: Equations 3: Squaring, Cubing, and Taking Roots 4: Exponents and Scientific Notation High Impact Lesson: Exponents §: Patterns and Functions .. High Impact Lesson: Function Tables and Graphs 6: One-Variabe Linear Equations 7: Two-Variable Linear Equations 8: Factoring... 9: Rational Expressions and Equations .. .. 100-103 104-107 108-111 410: Solving and Graphing Inequalitles 0.12415 High Impact Lesson: Linear Inequalities ..... 118117 ‘4: The Coordinate Grid... 118-121 42: Graphing Linear Equations 122-425 13: Slope ... 126-129 14; Using Siope to Solve Geometric Problems ... 130-133 415: Graphing Quadratic Equations 134137 46: Evaluation of Functions... 138-144 High Impact Lesson: Linear and Quadratic Functions 47: Comparison of Functions . High Impact Lesson: Representations of Linear and Quadratic Functions Algebra, Functions, and Patterns at Work .. woe 148-149 150-151 Table of ContentsENON ‘Reasoning Images Credits Cove () tock com/asemgures (9 Stac.omrbopbabe Copyright by Aztec Software, LLC. All rights reserved. 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Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any [portion of it, into electronic format.UNIT 4 Geometry LESSON 4: Triangles and Quadrilaterals soon 152-155 2: Pythagorean THeOteM .ccurnnnenrnsnnnn 1SB159 3: Polygons 160-163 4: Cire. 164-167 High Impact Lesson: Area, Perimeter, and Circumference... = 68169 5: Composite Plane Figures . 170-173 High Impact Lesson: Perimeter and Area of 2-D Composite Shapes. 6: Scale Drawings High Impact Lesson: Scale Factors 7 Prisms and Cylinders... 8: Pyramids, Cones, and Sphere High Impact Lesson: Geometric Formulas ..190-191 9: Composite Solids 192-195 High Impact Lesson: Surface Area and Volume of 3-D Composite Figures ....n...u 196-197 Geometry at Work 498-199 GLOSSARY... 201-208 ANSWER KEY 04-297 INDEX .. 298-301 Table of Contents- About the GED® Test_) loday’s GED® test is very different from the one your grandparents may have T taken. Today's GED® test is aligned to the Common Core State Standards and other rigorous content standards. The GED® test serves both as a means to earn a high school equivalency credential and as a predictor of college and career readiness. ‘The GED® test features four subject areas: Reasoning Through Language Arts (RLA), ‘Mathematical Reasoning, Science, and Social Studies. Each subject area is delivered via a computer-based format and includes multiple~ choice items as well as an array of technology-enhanced item types as noted in the table. roe cn Te Reasoning Through | informational texts—75% mmuttle choles, drop-down, 150 Language Arts Literary texts —25% drag-and-drop, extended response | minutes Mathematical ‘Algebrate Problem Solving —55% ‘multiple choice, drop-down, | 116 Reasoning Quantitative Problem Solving—45% | filinthe-blenk, drag-and-drop, | minutes thot spot | Science Life Sclence—40% multiple choice, drop-down, | 90 Physical Science—40% fiin-the-biank, dreg-and-rop, minutes Earth and Space Science—20% hot spot, short answer Social Studies. | Civics and Government —50% muttiple choice, drop-down, 70 US. History—20% | fikin-the-blenk, drag-and-drop, minutes Economics—15% hot spot ‘Geography and the World—15% Items on each subject-area exam connect to three factors: + Content Topics/Assessment Targets These topics and targets describe and detail the content on the GED® test. + Content Practices These practices describe the types of reasoning and modes of thinking required to answer specific items on the GED® test. + Depth of Knowledge The DOK model details the level of cognitive complexity and steps required to arrive at a correct answer on the test. For the GED® test, there are three levels of DOK complexity: ~ Level 1: Test takers must recall, observe, question, or represent facts or simple skills. ‘Typically, they must exhibit only a surface understanding of text and graphics. = Level 2: Test takers must process information beyond simple recall and observation to include summarizing, ordering, classiffing, identifying patterns and relationships, and connecting ideas. Test takers must scrutinize text and graphics. = Level 3: Test takers must explain, generalize, and connect ideas by inferring, elaborating, and predicting, Test takers must summarize from multiple sources, synthesize information, or express their thoughts in written responses. Approximately 80 percent of items across most content areas will be written to DOK Levels 2 and 3, with the remainder at Level 1. The extended response item in Reasoning Through Language Arts (45 minutes) is considered a DOK Level 3 item. iv About the GED® Test,