TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE

PHILIPPINES # 938 AURORA BLVD.

CUBAO, QUEZON CITY COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT

Hvac System Design: Refining The Air Conditioning Of Drift Motor Speedway

In Partial Fulfillment for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in
Mechanical Engineering

ME 519
Air Conditioning and Ventilation
Systems

Presented to:
Engr. Ricardo Bote, PME

PREFACE
 This research focuses on designing an HVAC (Heating, Ventilation,

and Air Conditioning) system for Drift Motor Speedway, a themed park in

Valley Fair Town Center, Taytay, Rizal, Philippines. With the growing need

for energy-efficient climate control in commercial spaces, especially in hot

areas, the study looks at improving comfort and sustainability by

optimizing climate control on the establishment. By calculating heat

loads, assessing ventilation needs, and choosing the right equipment, the

design aims to maintain a steady indoor temperature and good air quality
while using less energy.

The researchers would like to express their gratitude to the Technological

Institute of the Philippines for their academic support and guidance, as

well as the industry experts for their valuable insights and help. The

knowledge and skills gained from this project not only help create a better

HVAC system for Drift Motor Speedway but also lay the groundwork for

sustainable engineering practices in businesses all over the Philippines.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study

In the Philippines, air conditioning is highly in demand for

residential, commercial, and industrial sectors because temperatures

have been increasing. The area has reached up to 47°C in some areas,

and experts claim that this will continue in the succeeding months.

Temperatures that are above 42°C are hazardous, while temperatures

above 52°C are dangerous. Health hazards brought by rising

temperatures include heat cramps, heat exhaustion, sunburn, and

heatstroke. In response to this, the sales of air conditioning units have

increased, and approximately 870,000 units were sold in 2022. The

commercial segment accounts for nearly 48% of the air conditioning

market, which has been increasing steadily but is expected to slow down

due to high market penetration as about 90% of commercial

establishments already have air conditioning.

Drift Motor Speedway and similar establishments fail to provide

comfort to customers as well as the staff through deficient air conditioning

systems, creating a negative experience and output. Since it is of crucial

necessity for maintaining an environment suitable for human existence,

firms find it essential to install them to ensure the satisfaction of clients

and comfort of employees. Proper air conditioning systems do not only

create a more pleasant atmosphere but also protect sensitive equipment

from damage caused by high temperatures and humidity. Thus,

businesses are investing in efficient air conditioning systems to maintain a

conducive environment for customers and employees alike.

• Statement of the Problem

The most critical problem facing the institution was indoor heat and

humidity that was above the normal level. It made both customers and

workers uncomfortable. The tests conducted in indoor air showed that

temperature stood at 31.6°C while relative humidity stood at 61.8%. All

these are higher than the set

by ASHRAE Standard 55 Handbook-Fundamentals. According to the

guidelines, to ensure comfort, relative humidity should be within 30% and

60%, and indoor temperatures should range between 72°F and 80°F. The

testing occurred during an event, where the few people present caused

only minor heat buildup. However, the situation could worsen with more

activity, especially if the go-kart track was in use. The use of floor-

standing fans and exhaust fans by the establishment was not enough to

dissipate the heat that had been gathered, thus causing discomfort
among customers and employees. Such discomfort led to a reduction in

customer satisfaction and a decline in staff well-being, hence threatening

the success of the business if the issue was not addressed appropriately.

• Definition of Terms

ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers) is the governing society

responsible for developing building

design as well as energy efficiency

standards and guidelines for the new

construction environment.

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air

Conditioning) stands for heating,

ventilation and air conditioning. In

computing and especially in

enterprise data centers, HVAC

systems control the ambient

 environment and must be planned for

and operated along with other data

center components such as

computing hardware, cabling, data

storage, fire protection, physical

security systems and power.

EEV (Electronic Expansion Valves) are used

in a range of refrigeration systems

such as commercial cool rooms and

walk-in freezers to precisely control

the flow of refrigerant into the

evaporator.

BMS (Building Management System)

control and monitor the large energy

consuming systems within a building,

such as HVAC, lighting, fire and

security systems.

EMS (Energy Management Systems is a

smart tool used to monitor energy

utilization within a building. An EMS

can collect energy data from various

appliances and systems within a

solution, and identify avenues of

optimization.

AC (Air Conditioning) is generally used

 when referring to systems that are

designed to cool the air in your home.

Window units and central AC are

standard systems that are widely

used.

ACH (Air Changes per Hour) is a

measurement of how many times a

volume of air within a room will be

added, removed, or exchanged with

filtered clean air.

TON (Tons of Refrigeration) Is a unit of

power to describe the heat-extraction

capacity of refrigeration and air

conditioning equipment.
• Purposes of the Hvac

The HVAC system is a necessary and dependable piece of equipment that

maintains comfort in homes and businesses by keeping people, pets, and

employees at a constant temperature. This system primarily controls heat

and cooling, where the air conditioner is responsible for removing excess

heat and the furnace is responsible for providing warmth. Air flows

through ducts across rooms, and the thermostat controls the temperature.

Fans, filters, air inlets and outlets, and heat exchangers are all key

components working in concert to manage temperature and airflow,

creating a comfortable atmosphere for work and rest

• Purposes of Load Calculations

Load calculations are very important while making an efficient HVAC

design appropriate for a building's specifications. It calculates the amount

and layout of the right-sized HVAC system, based on the various

determinants, such as building sizes, insulation, windows, and door sizes.

They also consider all sun-generated heat, generated within the building

through lighting appliances and air leakage. Accurate calculations help

the system ensure that it would run effectively, avoid energy waste, and

maintain consistent comfort at reduced costs. This process is key to the

early building design stages, allowing architects and engineers to make

smart choices for long-term efficiency and sustainability.

• Principles of Cooling Loads

Cooling load is the total heat that has to be controlled to maintain the

comfort level of the indoor environment. It can be caused by external

sources such as walls, roofs, windows, and other openings or internal

sources like occupants, equipment, and lighting. Heat that originates from

outside is called "external loads," and heat originating from inside is

referred to as "internal loads." Their combination depends on location,

design, and even purpose of the building. This balance decides the overall

load imposed on the cooling system.

The amount of cooling needed may also differ from building type.

Buildings, in which most of the heating happens from outside, like in

sunshine or outdoors, will require changed cooling according to the

weather condition. However, buildings with all their heating coming from

the interior, like people and equipment, typically don't have much
variation in their cooling loads. In reality, an efficient HVAC design will

consider these factors to ensure it is well-suited to the building needs

while trying to maximize energy efficiency and comfort.

In air conditioning, there are four types of heat flow rates that change over
time:

• Space heat gain: The amount of heat entering the space.

• Space cooling load: The amount of heat that needs to be removed

to reach the desired temperature and humidity.

• Specific heat extraction: The amount of heat the HVAC system removes
from the space.

• Cooling load: The total amount of heat the cooling system removes,

including heat from inside the building and external sources like air

leaks, and outdoor air.

• Indoor Design Conditions

• Cooling: Maintain the indoor temperature 15°F (8°C) lower than

outdoors, to 75°F to 78°F (24°C to 26°C) under these conditions.

Humidification should not exceed what is outdoors except when

keeping at 50%. Use evapotranspirative cooling or ventilating to get

the internal down to 80°F (27°C), so specific limits for humidity

aren't applied here.

• Heating: Low activity areas should be kept at 68°F (20°C) and high
activity areas at 55°F (13°C).

Freeze protection should maintain a minimum of 40°F (4°C). If the

 humidity level is below 20%, humidify to bring it around 30%.

• Infiltration: The HVAC system should be maintained to have slightly

positive pressure to prevent unauthorized air entry, unless negative

pressure is required.

• Ventilation is to follow ASHRAE Standard 62.1 to meet good quality

indoors to enhance comfort, health, and productivity.

• Outdoor Design Conditions

Equipment such as chillers, air handling units, and pumps should be

placed in locations where noise is minimal. Air conditioning and air

handling rooms should be located away from sensitive areas such

as theaters or auditoriums to avoid vibrations. If these units have to

be located near sensitive areas, then vibration isolators and flexible

connectors on pipes should be used to reduce noise.

Noise is an important factor in HVAC design, with major sources

including:

Supply and Return Fans: These are the largest noise producers.

Centrifugal fans produce noise in a wide frequency range, peaking

between 31.5 to 250 Hz, mainly in lower frequencies. Fans make the

least noise when running efficiently.

 Ducts, Dampers, and Air Terminals: Air deflectors such as vanes and

fins help to distribute air but can create noise. The more the air is

deflected, the louder the noise.

CHAPTER 2: VICINITY MAP, LAYOUTS AND ELEVATION DRAWINGS

• Introduction

The themed park, centered around go-kart rentals, features a well-

designed go-kart track, a spacious stockroom for equipment maintenance,

and a cozy coffee shop for visitors to unwind. This establishment provides

a range of recreational activities, offering customers the thrill of riding go-

karts in a safe and enjoyable environment. Originally, the business began

as an exhaust shop catering to two- and four-wheeled vehicles, operating

from the same building. Over time, it evolved into a vibrant entertainment

destination, combining the excitement of go-kart racing with spaces for

relaxation and socializing. The facility is carefully planned to ensure

safety, efficiency, and energy-conscious operation, making it a perfect

venue for fun and leisure activities.

• Vicinity Map

Satellite View of Drift Motor Speedway

The Drift Motor Speedway

• Layouts

CHAPTER 3: EXTERNAL LOAD CALCULATION

 Heat gains or losses resulting from external causes are referred to

as external loads in HVAC design. These elements may have a major

effect on the HVAC system's necessary cooling or heating capability. For

an HVAC system to be designed effectively and efficiently in a theme park

that rents out go-karts in a tropical climate, it is essential to comprehend

and compute external loads.

• Calculation for External Load Calculation

𝑄 = 𝐴 • 𝑈 • ∆𝑇
𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙

Where:

Qwall = Heat gain through wall (kW)

U = Overall heat transfer coefficient on

the wall (W/m2 * K) Al = Area of the wall

(m2 )

∆𝑇

𝑈 = 1
𝑇

Where:

= Temperature Difference

1 𝑥

𝑥 𝑥 1

𝑅 =

+ 1 + 2 + 𝑛 +
ℎ 𝑘
𝑖 1

𝑘 𝑘 ℎ
2 𝑛 0
 DESCRIPTION SURFACE AREA OF THE WALL & ROOF

NORTH WALL 258.79959 m2

EAST WALL 151.476 m2

SOUTH WALL (NEAR ENTRANCE) 155.35695 m2

SOUTH WALL (NEAR WEST WALL) 43.33452 m2

WEST WALL 127.87335 m2

ROOF 943.8615 m2

NORTH WALL

𝑄 = 2. 27272727273 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)× 258. 79959 𝑚2×(34. 5 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 8528. 6228 𝑊

EAST WALL:

𝑄 = 2. 27272727273 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)×155. 35695 𝑚2×(30. 5 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 3707. 3817 𝑊

SOUTH WALL (NEAR ENTRANCE):

𝑄 = 2. 27272727273 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)×151. 476 𝑚2×(33. 9 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 4785. 2645 𝑊

SOUTH WALL (NEAR WEST WALL):

𝑄 = 2. 27272727273 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)×43. 33452 𝑚2×(35. 5 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 1526. 5569 𝑊
WEST WALL:

𝑄 = 2. 27272727273 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)×127. 87335 𝑚2×(35. 5 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 4504. 6293 𝑊

ROOF:

𝑄 = 2. 11561104155 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)×943. 8615 𝑚^2×(33 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 25958. 9695 𝑊

𝑈 = 1

(0.04 (𝑚^2−𝐾) )+( (0.008 𝑚)

)+( (0.01 𝑚)

)+(0.12 (𝑚^2−𝐾)
)

𝑊 (45.28 𝑊/(𝑚−𝐾)) (0.032 𝑊/(𝑚−𝐾)) 𝑊

𝑄 = 2. 11561104155 𝑊/(𝑚^2 − 𝐾)×943. 8615 𝑚^2×(33 − 20)𝐾

𝑄 = 25958. 9695 𝑊

CHAPTER 4: INTERNAL LOAD CALCULATION

Calculating the quantity of heat produced inside a structure by

different internal sources, including people, lights, appliances, and other

equipment. When designing HVAC systems, these internal heat gains

must be taken into account to provide adequate heating and cooling

because they can have a substantial impact on a building's overall thermal

load.
• Calculation for Internal Load

𝑄 =𝑄 +𝑄
 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑠 𝑝𝑙

Where:

𝑄 = 𝑞 ×𝑁
𝑝𝑠 𝑠 𝑝

𝑄 = 𝑞 ×𝑁
𝑝𝑙 𝑙 𝑝

Total
Heat, Sensib Laten
Degree Location W le t Heat,
of Heat, W
Activity W
Adul Adjusted, Low V High V
t
Mal
e
Walking, Drug 160 145 75 70 - -
standin store,
g bank
Heavy Factory 440 425 170 255 54 19
Work

FOR OUTSIDE GO KART TRACK

𝑄𝑝𝑠 = (75 𝑊)×95

𝑄𝑝𝑠 = 7125 𝑊

𝑄𝑝𝑙 = (70 𝑊)×95

𝑄 = 6650 𝑊
𝑝𝑙

FOR INSIDE GO KART TRACK

𝑄 = (170 𝑊)×5
𝑝𝑠

𝑄 = 850 𝑊
𝑝𝑠

𝑄 = (255 𝑊)×5
𝑝𝑙
𝑄 = 1275 𝑊
𝑝𝑙

FOR HEAT GAIN FROM LIGHTING

𝑄 = 82×10𝑊×1. 2
𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝑄 = 984 𝑊
𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

Description Power Rate Max heat gain

3.0 GHz processor, 8gb unknown 83W
RAM

Appliances Heat Gain Formula

𝑄 = 𝑞 ×𝑁
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅 𝐸

𝑄 = 𝑞 ×𝑁
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑚 𝑒

Where:

𝑞 (1−𝐸 )
)𝐹 𝐹
= 𝑃(
𝑀

𝑒𝑚

𝐸 𝑈𝑀

𝐿𝑀

FOR COMPUTERS:

𝑄𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 83𝑊 𝑥 2 = 166 𝑊

𝑄𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 166 𝑊

FOR MONITOR:

𝑄 = 25 𝑊 ×4 = 100 𝑊
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑄 = 100 𝑊
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

FOR GO-KART:

𝑞𝑒𝑚 = 1500 𝑊((1 − 0. 8)/0. 8)(1)(1) = 375 𝑊

𝑞𝑒𝑚 = 375 𝑊

7125 W
SENSIBLE HEAT
850 W
PEOPLE
6650 W
LATENT HEAT
1275 W

LIGHTING 984 W
COMPUTER 166 W
EQUIPMENT LAPTOP 100 W

GO-KART 375 W

TOTAL 17525 W

CHAPTER 5: VENTILATION AND INFILTRATION

• Introduction

Outdoor air is often considered pure and fresh with the right

proportions of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases like

hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor (1%). Humans and

animals need oxygen to survive, and since nitrogen and other gases are

inert, they do not harm living things. Humans inhale oxygen and exhale

carbon dioxide, making it necessary to introduce outdoor air to replenish

oxygen levels in closed spaces. However, before it enters, the outdoor air

must be filtered and cleaned.

 Inside a confined space, oxygen levels drop due to the presence of

people, and pollutants from activities or organisms like viruses can

contaminate the air. To maintain oxygen levels and purify the air, outside

air must be supplied. The amount of outdoor air needed in a typical office

building depends on the number of occupants and process-related

contaminants, for example, 20 cubic feet per minute (CFM) per person. In

industrial settings, the amount of outdoor air is mainly determined by the

level of pollutants generated within the space.

Regulating airflow is essential for moisture control, energy

efficiency, and occupant comfort and safety. Airflow within a building is

influenced by factors such as wind pressure, stack effect, and mechanical

equipment like fans and furnaces.

Ventilation

Ventilation is the process of bringing outside air into a building or

room and circulating it throughout the space. The main goal of ventilation

is to provide clean air by reducing and removing contaminants from the

indoor environment.

Just like lungs, buildings need proper ventilation to ensure fresh air

flows in and polluted air flows out. Indoor air can contain moisture, odors,

gases, dust, and other pollutants. To keep the air safe inside, fresh

outdoor air is necessary to dilute these indoor pollutants. Air enters and

exits buildings in three main ways:

• Open doors and windows.

 • Gaps and cracks between building components like floors, walls,
windows, and pipes.

• Spot ventilation such as fans that remove air from areas like
bathrooms.

Infiltration

Infiltration refers to the unintentional and uncontrolled entry of

outside air into an enclosed space. It happens through gaps in the

building's exterior and due to pressure differences between the inside and
outside. When outdoor air enters through open doors or windows, it is

considered infiltration, even if the doors or windows were opened for

ventilation. Infiltration is most common in colder climates when the

outdoor air is colder and denser than the indoor air. It is influenced by

wind speed, direction, and how airtight the building is. In tall buildings,

the stack effect contributes to infiltration.

Air leakage inside buildings has a significant impact on energy use.

Therefore, controlling the movement of air in and out of buildings is

crucial for improving energy efficiency.

Exfiltration

Exfiltration refers to the movement of indoor air from an enclosed

building to the outside. Commercial air-conditioned buildings are designed

to be airtight, which means windows are not meant to be opened, and they

are pressurized. During the summer, the indoor air is cooler and denser

than the warmer outside air. As a result, the natural flow of air is from the
inside to the outside. Because these buildings are pressurized, air leakage

happens from the interior to the exterior. Exfiltration is usually minimal and

often not considered in HVAC calculations.

• Calculation For Heat Gain

Through Infiltration FOR AIRFLOW

RATE OF INFILTRATING AIR

𝑄 =𝐶 𝐴
𝐼 𝐷 𝑂

𝐶𝐷 = 0. 40 + 0. 0045|𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇𝑜 |

𝑄𝑆 = ρ𝑎𝑖𝑟 • 𝐶𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 • 𝑄𝐼 • Δ𝑇

𝑄𝐿 = 3010𝑄𝐼 (𝑊𝑖𝑛 − 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡)

Description Values

Indoor Temperature 31.6c + 273 = 304.6K

Outdoor Temperature 30.5c + 273 = 303.5K

Indoor Relative Humidity 61.8%

Outdoor Relative Humidity 59.3%

Height of Door (Opening) 2.4m

Width of Door (Opening) 1.2m

𝐶 = 0. 40 + 0. 0045|304. 6𝐾 − 303. 5𝐾| = 0. 40495

𝐷

𝑄 = 0. 40495(2. 4𝑚×1. 2𝑚 )
𝐼
FOR SENSIBLE HEAT:

3
𝐾𝑔 𝐾𝐽 𝐽
𝑄 = 1. 2 ×1. 0062 ×1000 ×0. 34000878292 ×(30. 5 − 20)𝐾
𝑆 𝑚^3

(𝐾𝑔−𝐾)

1𝑘𝐽 𝑠

𝑄 = 4310. 6721 𝑊
𝑆

FOR INDOOR AIR:

Using a steam table to get the value of partial pressure of indoor dry air

based on the dry bulb temperature.

𝑃 = 4. 6538 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑑

𝑃 = 4. 6538 𝑘𝑃𝑎×61. 8% = 2. 8760 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑣

𝑊 ( 𝑘𝑔
= 0. 622
𝑣

2.8760 𝑘𝑃𝑎
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 2.8760 𝑘𝑃𝑎

FOR OUTDOOR AIR:

𝑃 = 4. 375 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑑

𝑃 = 4. 375 𝑘𝑃𝑎×59. 3% = 2. 5920 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑣
𝑊 ( 𝑘𝑔
= 0. 622
𝑣

2.5920 𝑘𝑃𝑎
101.325 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 2.5920 𝑘𝑃𝑎

FOR LATENT HEAT LOAD:

𝑘𝐽−𝑘𝑔

𝑚^3

𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝑔
𝑄 𝑎 ×0. 34000878292 ×(0. 01817085988
− 0.=01632914947
3010 𝑣 )
𝑣

𝐿 𝑚 −𝑘𝑔 𝑠
𝑣

𝑄 = 1. 8849 𝑘𝐽
( 1000𝐽 )

𝑘𝑔
𝑎

𝑘𝑔
𝑎

𝐿 𝑠

1𝑘𝐽

𝑄 = 1884. 8551 𝑊
𝐿

FOR SENSIBLE HEAT LOAD USING AIR CHANGE METHOD

𝑉
 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑚

3
= 6130. 265 𝑚

For the air change per hour, Based on ASHRAE 16.15 and 16.29 for

commercial buildings Air Change per Hour (ACH) is 2

𝑞 = ( )×(
3
2 1ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

3600𝑠 )×(6130. 265 𝑚 )

𝑞 = 3. 405702778
3
𝑚

3
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1000𝐽
𝑄 = 1. 2 ×1. 0062 × ×3. 405702778 ×(30. 5 − 20)𝐾

𝑠 𝑚

(𝑘𝑔−𝐾)

1𝑘𝐽 𝑠

𝑄 = 43177. 9085 𝑊
𝑠

FOR LATENT HEAT LOAD USING AIR CHANGE METHOD:

3
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1000𝐽
𝑄 = 1. 2 ×2466 × ×3. 405702778 ×(30. 5 − 20)𝐾

𝐿 𝑚

𝑘𝑔

1𝑘𝐽 𝑠

𝑄𝐿 = 105820. 6344 𝑊

Sensible Heat 4310.6721 W

 Latent Heat 1884.8551 W

Sensible Heat ach 43177.9085 W

Latent Heat ach 105820.6344 W

Total Heat 155194.0702 W

CHAPTER 6: SYSTEM HEAT GAINS

The heat load calculation determined the required heat removal

capacity of an air-conditioning system in Watts (W). It encompassed

various factors including (walls, roofs, windows, skylights, doors,

partitions, ceilings, and floors), Internal (lights, people, appliances, and

equipment), Infiltration (Air Leakage, and moisture migration), system

(outdoor air, duct leakage, and heat gain, reheat, fan, and pump energy,

and energy recovery). (2021 ASHRAE Handbook - Fundamentals, Chapter

18.1).

Load Sensible Heat (kW)

Heat Load From Conduction 49011.4250 W

Internal Heat Gain 17525 W

Heat Load From Infiltration 155194.0701 W

Total Heat Load 221730.4952W

CHAPTER 7: PSYCHOMETRICS

• Introduction

In both residential and industrial air conditioning, several processes

are used to vary the temperature and humidity of air to a specific

requirement. These include heating or cooling the air, adding or removing

moisture, mixing different streams of air, or other combinations of these

methods. The psychrometric chart helps to understand and analyze these

properties of air and processes easily. In the following sections, we will

examine some of the most common processes used in HVAC and how

they appear on the chart.

Load Calculation Sensible Heat (kW) Latent Heat (kW)

Total Occupancy 7975 W 7.925 W
Total Lightning 984 W ---
Total Appliance 641 W ---
TOTAL 9.6 KW (RSH) 7.925 KW (RLH)

Room Heat Factor:

𝑅𝑆𝐻
𝑅𝑆𝐻 + 𝑅𝐿𝐻

9.6
9.6 + 7.925

𝑅𝑆𝐻𝐹 = 0. 5478
Outdoor Air Sensible Heat
𝑂𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 1. 20 𝑥 𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐿/𝑠) 𝑥 ∆𝑡
𝑂𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 1. 20 𝑥 383. 4713 𝑥 (31 − 21)
𝑂𝐴𝑆𝐻 = 4. 6016556 𝐾𝑊
Outdoor Air Latent Heat
𝑂𝐴𝐿𝐻 = 3. 0 𝑥 𝑉𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐿/𝑠) 𝑥 ∆𝑊
𝑂𝐴𝐿𝐻 = 3. 0 𝑥 383. 4713𝑥(28. 5 − 7. 7)
𝑂𝐴𝐿𝐻 = 23. 9286091 𝐾𝑊

Effective Room Sensible Heat

𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 = 𝑅𝑆𝐻 + 𝐵𝑃𝐹 (𝑂𝐴𝑆𝐻)
𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 = 9. 6 + 0. 1 (23. 9286091)
𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 = 11. 9929 𝐾𝑊
Effective Room Latent Heat:
𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻 = 𝑅𝐿𝐻 + 𝐵𝑃𝐹 (𝑂𝐴𝐿𝐻)
𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻 = 7. 925 𝑘𝑤 + 0. 1 (23. 9286091 𝑘𝑤)
𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻 = 10. 3179 𝑘𝑊

Effective Room Heat Factor:

𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻
𝐸𝑅𝑆𝐻 + 𝐸𝑅𝐿𝐻

11.9929 11.9929 + 10.3179

𝑅𝑆𝐻𝐹 = 0. 5375
Total Sensible Heat (Tsh)
𝑇𝑆𝐻 = 𝑅𝑆𝐻 + 𝑂𝐴𝑆𝐻
𝑇𝑆𝐻 = 9. 6 𝐾𝑊 + 4. 6016556 𝐾𝑊
𝑇𝑆𝐻 = 14. 2017 𝐾𝑊
Total Latent Heat (Tlh)
𝑇𝐿𝐻 = 𝑅𝐿𝐻 + 𝑂𝐴𝐿𝐻
𝑇𝐿𝐻 = 7. 925 𝐾𝑊 + 4. 6016556 𝐾𝑊
𝑇𝐿𝐻 = 12. 5267
Grand Total Heat (Gth)
𝐺𝑇𝐻 = 𝑇𝑆𝐻 + 𝑇𝐿𝐻
𝐺𝑇𝐻 = 14. 2017 𝐾𝑊 + 12. 5267 𝐾𝑊
𝐺𝑇𝐻 = 26. 7284 𝐾𝑊
Grand Sensible Heat Factor (Gshf)
14.2017
𝐾𝑊
26.7284
𝐾𝑊

𝐺𝑆𝐻𝐹 = 0. 5313

CHAPTER 8: AIR DISTRIBUTION

Air distribution is the process of moving air to and from conditioned

spaces within a building. The airflow management system consists of

various components such as blowers, purifiers, regulators, and ducts.

These systems can be made from materials like fiberglass or coated

metals and may use different types of ducts within a single setup. Ducts
are channels that allow air to flow through heating, ventilation, and air

conditioning (HVAC) systems to bring in fresh air and remove stale air. The

key airflows include supply air, which enters the space; return air, which

leaves the space; and exhaust air, which is vented outside. Ducts often

carry ventilation air as part of the supply to maintain indoor air quality

and thermal comfort.

• Calculation For the Chilled Pipe

Calculating the size of

pipe: Flow Rate of

150 GPM

Using the "high pressure" table

Interpolate:

SIZE OF WATER CHILLED PIPE = 1.662162162 INCHES

= 2 Inches

• AIR DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY

Air distribution is essential for maintaining comfortable and healthy

indoor environments, especially in buildings with heating, ventilation, and

air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It involves controlling the movement of

air into and out of conditioned spaces to maintain the right temperature,

humidity, and air quality. This process relies on an air distribution system

made up of components like fans, filters, dampers, and ducts, each

serving a specific role in managing airflow and maintaining the desired

environment throughout the building.

Ducts are crucial in air distribution as they are the pathways for air

within the HVAC system. They deliver fresh air to occupied spaces and

remove stale air, ensuring a continuous cycle that supports comfort. The

duct system includes different types of airflow: supply air that enters the

space, return air that is recirculated, and exhaust air that is vented

outside. Ventilation air is often part of the supply of air, bringing fresh

outdoor air into the system to maintain good indoor air quality, which is

key for health and well-being.

Air distribution systems are made from materials like fiberglass and

coated metals, chosen based on the building’s needs and the system’s

intended use. These materials vary depending on factors like durability,

cost, and the environment. The system’s design often combines different

duct types to optimize performance.

Air distribution in HVAC systems plays a vital role in regulating

indoor air quality and ensuring thermal comfort. Proper selection and

arrangement of components, particularly ducts, are crucial for efficient air

movement and a balanced, comfortable indoor environment. By

controlling airflow within buildings, air distribution systems enhance the

health, comfort, and productivity of occupants.

CHAPTER 9: EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS

 CHAPTER 10: BILL OF MATERIALS AND ESTIMATED COST

• BILLS OF MATERIALS

U/COST
PRODUCT QTY UNIT (PHP) TOTAL COST
DESCRIPTION (PHP)
AIR CONDITIONING UNIT
ACCU (RXYQ120TAYDU) -
33.4kW 7 UNITS 314679.00 2202753.00
FCU (FXFQ48TVJU) - 14kW 17 UNITS 168000.00 2856000.00
DUCTING
G. I. SHEETS # 18 25 UNITS 2450.00 61250.00
G. I. SHEETS # 18 15 UNITS 1422.00 21330.00
PIPING
COPPER PIPE, HD TYPE L 46 LENGTH 3620.00 166520.00
COPPER PIPE, HD TYPE L 23 LENGTH 3165.00 72795.00
TOTAL 5307853.00

CHAPTER 11: RECOMMENDATIONS

The researchers suggest increasing the efficiency of the HVAC

system at Drift Motor Speedway by minimizing heat gains, which would

reduce energy use. The system will have to work harder to cool as it takes

in more heat; hence, methods to reduce heat uptake should be identified.

Reducing outside heat sources can be achieved by the researchers'

suggestion to incorporate shading solutions, such as sunbreakers or solar-

resistant windows, into areas where the HVAC system operates. These

modifications can decrease the load of the cooling system and reduce

energy consumption. They also advise using low-power equipment inside

the building to reduce internal heat, which further improves HVAC

efficiency.

Regular maintenance is also important to ensure that the cooling

system is functioning correctly. Checking the main components, such as

cooling units, air filters, and ventilation parts, regularly can prevent

malfunctions that could affect comfort or operations. Skipping

maintenance could lead to expensive repairs or replacements, while

proper care will extend the system's lifespan and maintain its efficiency.

Finally, the researchers recommend R-290 refrigerant that is more

environmentally friendly than any other refrigerant. The GWP of R-290 is

very low and does not cause harm to the ozone layer, making it a

sustainable option. In this way, the commitment of Drift Motor Speedway

towards sustainability is well supported using this eco-friendly refrigerant

while also providing good cooling.

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