LESSON 1  started - Commonwealth

government
 created a big impact particularly
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING during World War II
PROGRAM (NSTP)  3 areas:
 refers to the program aimed at oLaw Enforcement Service (LES)
o Civic Welfare Service (CWS)
enhancing civic consciousness and oMilitary Service (MS)
defense preparedness in the youth
 3 programs: R.A. 9163
o Reserve Officers’ Training  “NSTP LAW”- Sec. 12
 “National Service Training Program
Corps (ROTC) Act of 2001”
o Civic Welfare Training Service  enacted in response to public clamor
(CWTS) to reform ROTC Program
 affirm that the prime duty of the
o Literacy Training Service (LTS) government shall be to reserve and
 helps them develop the ethics of protect its citizen
service and patriotism  2002-2003 – ROTC became optional
 enhance the students’ participation and allowed students to choose from
ROTC, LTS, and CWTS.
in nation-building

RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS HISTORY OF THE NSTP

(ROTC) COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 1
 refers to the program  “National Defense Act”
institutionalized under Sections 38  required the college students,
and 39 of RA 7077, especially males, to finish 2 years (4
 RA 7077 – “Citizen Armed Force or semesters) of Military Training to be
the Armed Forces of the Philippines reserved cadets for national defense
Reservist Act of 1991”
 designed to provide military training
to tertiary level students in order to P.D. 1706
motivate, train, organize, and  “National Service Law”
mobilize them for national defense  It made national service obligatory
preparedness for all Filipino Citizens
 Specified 3 categories:
oLaw Enforcement Service (LES)
CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE oCivic Welfare Service (CWS)
(CWTS) oMilitary Service (MS)
 refers to programs or activities
contributory to the general welfare PRESIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM
and the betterment of life for the
members of the community ORDER NO. 1
 By President Corazon C. Aquino
 Suspension of National Service Law
CWTS COMPONENTS which is CWS and LES except Military
• Citizenship training Service (MS)
• Drug Education
• Disaster Risk Reduction and 1986-1987
Management  Effectivity of Basic Reserve Officer
• Environmental Protection Training Corps (ROTC)
• Other National Security Concern
1991
NATIONAL SERVICE  IRR of Republic Act 7707- modified
 refers to any of the activities that the Basic ROTC Course into the
may contribute to the national Expanded ROTC Program
security, development and/or  1st curriculum year – military subject
welfare
  2nd curriculum year- can choose  shall inculcate the ideals of
either MS, CWS, LES patriotism, nationalism,
NSTP 3 COMPONENTS volunteerism, and advance their
1. ROTC meaningful involvement in public
 institutionalized under Sections 38 and civic affairs.
and 39 of RA 7077
 designed to provide military training Rule II - DEFINITION OF TERMS
for national defense preparedness Section 3. As used in this Implementing
Rules and Regulations (IRR), the following
2. CWTS terms shall mean:
 designed to involve students actively  NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING
in activities contributory to the PROGRAM (NSTP)
general welfare oprogram aimed at enhancing
civic consciousness and
3. LTS defense preparedness in the
 designed to train students to teach youth by developing the ethics
literacy and numeracy skills to school of service and patriotism while
children, out-of-school youth, and undergoing training in any of
other segments of society in need of the three (3) program
such services components

NSTP-CWTS CORE VALUES  LITERACY TRAINING SERVICE (LTS)

1. LOVE OF GOD oprogram designed to train the
students to become capable
2. HUMAN DIGNITY non-licensed instructors of
3. DISCIPLINE, TRUTH, GOODNESS, AND functional literacy and
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY numeracy skills to school
4. AWARENESS, INNOVATION, AND children, out-of-school youths,
CREATIVITY and other segments of society
in need of their service
5. RESPECT, SYNERGY, AND
PROFESSIONALISM  CIVIC WELFARE TRAINING SERVICE
6. EXCELLENCE AND INDIGENOUS (CWTS)
LEARNING oprograms or activities
7. PROTECTION AND CONSERVATION OF contributory to the general
THE ENVIRONMENT welfare and the betterment of
life for the members of the
8. QUALITY SERVICE DELIVERY community or the
enhancement of its facilities,
LESSON 2: especially those devoted to
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND improving health, education,
REGULATIONS OF THE environment,
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING entrepreneurship, safety,
recreation, and morals of the
PROGRAM citizenry
Rule I - GUIDING PRINCIPLES  RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS
Section 1. Responsibility of all Citizens (ROTC)
 duty of the government to serve and oprogram institutionalized under
protect the people Sections 38 and 39 of RA 7077,
 it shall be the responsibility of all otherwise known as the Citizen
citizens to defend the security and Armed Force or the Armed
promote the general welfare of the Forces of the Philippines
State. Reservist Act of 1991
odesigned to provide military
Section 2. Role of the Youth training to tertiary level
 the State shall promote civic students
consciousness and defense A.BASIC RESERVE OFFICERS'
preparedness TRAINING CORPS
 o one (1) year ROTC ouniversities, colleges, and other
training based on the educational institutions
amendment by RA 9163, offering higher education
s-2002, of Sections 38  LOCAL UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
and 39 of RA 7077; (LUCS)
oany public institution of higher
B.ADVANCE RESERVE OFFICERS' learning established and
TRAINING CORPS managed by LOCAL
o two (2)-year training GOVERNMENT UNITS
program after the basic  PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL
ROTC training, subject to INSTITUTIONS (PHELS)
the provisions under oprivate colleges and other
Sections 38 and 39 of RA educational institutions
7077; offering higher education;

 PROGRAM COMPONENTS RULE Ill - PROGRAM

oROTC, CWTS, LTS and other NSTP IMPLEMENTATION
programs. Section 4. Coverage
a. first year level students of any
 CLUSTERING baccalaureate degree program or of at
ogrouping of students enrolled at least two (2) year technical-vocational
different schools and taking up programs shall be required to
the same NSTP component complete one (1) of the NSTP
into one (1) group. components as a graduation
requirement
 CROSS-ENROLLMENT b. All higher and technical vocational
osystem of enrollment where a educational institutions must offer at
student is officially enrolled in least one of the NSTP components.
an academic program of an c. STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
origin school but is allowed to (SUCS), shall offer the ROTC
enroll in the NSTP component component and at least one other
of another school. NSTP component.
d. The Philippine Military Academy
 NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine
(NGO) Academy (PMMA), Philippine National
oany private organization duly Police Academy (PNPA) and Maritime
accredited by CHED, TESDA, Academy for Asia and the Pacific
and DND to formulate and (MAAP) ARE EXEMPTED FROM THE
administer training modules NSTP.
for CWTS and LTS. e. All Private Higher and technical-
vocational education institutions with
 NATIONAL SERVICE RESERVE CORPS at least 350 ROTC cadets, must
TRAINEE establish or maintain a Department of
oa student enrolled in the CWTS Military Science and Tactics (DMST),
or LTS component; subject to existing rules and
regulations of the Armed Forces of the
 NATIONAL SERVICE RESERVE CORPS Philippines (AFP).
(NSRC)
oan organization composed of Section 5. Program Components
GRADUATES of Civic Welfare  Reserve Officers' Training Corps
Training Service (CWTS) and (ROTC)
Literacy Training Service (LTS) o military training
components of the National  Civic Welfare Training Service
Service Training Program (CWTS)
(NSTP) as mandated by o contributory to the general
Republic Act 9163 (NSTP Act of welfare and the betterment of
2001); life for the members of the
community
 HIGHER EDUCATIONAL  Literacy Training Service (LTS)
INSTITUTIONS (HELS)
 o to train the students to  What are the basic guidelines for the
become capable non-licensed formulations of the NSTP
instructors of functional Curriculum?
literacy and numeracy skills to a. The curriculum shall be
school children, and out-of- formulated by the PROGRAM
school youths. COORDINATOR duly approved by
the school authorities, copy
Section 6. Duration and Equivalent Course furnished CHED/TESDA Regional
Unit Offices. It shall comply with the
 the aforementioned NSTP intent and requirements of the
components shall be undertaken for NSTP components.
an academic period of two b. It shall provide for both LECTURE
semesters. It shall be credited for AND PRACTICUM ACTIVITIES.
three (3) units per semester. NSTP Practicum activities shall be
 One (1) Summer Program (OSP) in separate from the practicum
lieu of the two (2) semester program requirements of other
of ROTC, CWTS, and LTS shall be subjects/courses.
designed, formulated, and adopted c. The COURSE SYLLABI shall clearly
by the DND, CHED, and TESDA define the objectives, contents,
 NSTP-ONE SUMMER PROGRAM activities, requirements and
(NSTP-OSP) student evaluation system.
o intended for GRADUATING d. Program coordinators and
STUDENTs who have not yet instructors/lecturer shall be duly
comply with the NSTP; QUALIFIED in terms of training
o as well as for students, who and experience, to handle their
wish to be free the NSTP respective assignments.
activities during the regular
semester
RULE IV - FEES AND INCENTIVES
Section 7. Clustering and Cross-Enrollment Section 9. Fees
 The host school shall be responsible a. No fees shall be collected for any of
in managing the Program. the NSTP components except basic
 be allowed by the concerned higher tuition, which should not be more
educational institutions to cross- than fifty percent (50%) of the
enroll in any CHED or TESDA charges of the school per academic
recognized institution unit.
 be subject to the existing rules and
regulations of the school of origin and Section 10. Incentive, Insurance, and
the accepting school. Protection
a. A program of assistance/incentives
Section 8. Management, Monitoring, for ROTC students shall be provided
and Evaluation and administered by the DND in
 The school authorities shall accordance with existing laws and
exercise academic and regulations and subject to the
administrative supervision availability of funds.
 ROTC, the school authorities and b. School authorities concerned, CHED,
the DND, through the AFP; shall and TESDA shall ensure that health
exercise joint supervision and accident group insurances are
 contracted CHED-accredited or provided to the students enrolled in
TESDA recognized NGOs to any of the NSTP components.
formulate or administer training c. Schools that already provide health
modules for any of the NSTP and accident group insurances and
components collect the necessary fees from their
 CHED Regional Offices, TESDA students for the purpose, as per the
Provincial/District Offices and effectivity of these rules, are deemed
DND-AFP (through the Major to have complied with this
Service Reserve Commands) shall requirement.
oversee and monitor the d. A Special Scholarship Program and
implementation of the NSTP; incentives for qualified NSTP students
submit periodic reports
 shall be administered by the CHED CHED, TESDA, and/or the DND which
and TESDA, are inconsistent with the provisions
of RA 9163 and this IRR shall be
RULE V - ORGANIZATION OF NSTP deemed amended or repealed and
GRADUATES modified accordingly.
 REPEALED – BATAS AY WALA NA
Section 11. Organization of NSTP  ENHANCED/ MODIFIED – MAY
Graduates NABAGO PERO ANDON PA ANG
a. Graduates of the non-ROTC BATAS
components of the NSTP shall belong
to the National Service Reserve Section 15. Separability Clause
Corps (NSRC)  If any provisions hereof shall be
b. The CHED, TESDA, and DND, in declared unconstitutional or invalid,
consultation with other concerned the other sections or provisions not
government and non-government affected, thereby shall remain in full
agencies, shall issue the necessary force and effect.
guidelines for the establishment,
organization, maintenance, and Section 16. Effectivity
utilization of the National Service  These Rules shall take effect fifteen
Reserve Corps (NSRC). (15) days after publication in a
c. Graduates of the ROTC program shall newspaper of general circulation or
form part of the Citizen Armed Force publication in the online official
pursuant to RA 7077, subject to the gazette and shall remain in force and
requirements and policies of the effect until revoked or amended.
DND.

RULE VI - MISCELLANEOUS LESSON 3:

PROVISIONS CITIZENSHIP TRAINING:
Section 12. Certificate of Completion ARTICLE III, IV and V OF 1987
 Certificates of Completion with CONSTITUTION, PRIVILEGES
corresponding Serial Numbers issued AND RIGHTS OF FILIPINO
by CHED, TESDA or DND, shall be CITIZEN
awarded by the SUCs, TVls, LUCs,
and PHEls to students who have CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
successfully complied with the  develops our characters to become
program requirements. Such Serial more mindful of our responsibilities,
Numbers shall be indicated in the rights, and roles in the society.
official Transcript of Records of each  aims to enhance the student's social
NSTP graduate. responsibility and commitment
Section 13. Information Dissemination ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS
 The CHED, TESDA, and DND, with the  establishes the relationship of the
assistance of the DILG, NYC, PIA, OCD individual to the State
and ULAP, PASUC, COCOPEA, PSNEI,  defines the rights of the individual by
DepEd and other NGOs, shall provide limiting the lawful powers of the
information on the NSTP Act of 2001 State.
and its Revised IRR to all concerned
publics through different modes of 1987 CONSTITUTION
information dissemination.  “The Constitution of the Republic of
the Philippines”
 FREE THE PEOPLE FROM POVERTY
Section 14. Amendatory Clause
 Section 35 of Commonwealth Act CLASSES OF RIGHTS
No. 1, s-1953; Executive Order No. 1. NATURAL RIGHTS
207, s-1939; Sections 2 and 3 of  possessed by every citizen
Presidential Decree No. 1706, s- without being granted by the
1980; and Sections 38 and 39 of RA State
7077, s-1991; as well as all laws,  given to man by God
decrees, orders, rules and 2. CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
regulations, and other issuances by
  conferred and protected by o reasonable belief a crime is
the constitution. being committed or has
 CLASSIFICATIONS: occurred
o Political rights
 power to participate, REQUISITES FOR VALID SEARCH WARRANT
directly or indirectly, in the AND WARRANT OF ARREST (SEC. 2. ART.
establishment or III)
administration of the 1. Issued upon probable cause
government. 2. The probable cause must be determined
oCivil rights personally by the judge himself
–purpose of securing to 3. The determination of the existence of
them the enjoyment of their probable cause must be made after
means of livelihood. examination by the judge of the
complainant and the witnesses he may
oSOCIAL AND ECONOMIC produce;
RIGHTS 4. The warrant must particularly describe
 intended to insure the well- the place to be searched, and the persons
being and economic security or things to be seized.
of the individual
WHEN IS THERE A LAWFUL WARRANTLESS
oRIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED ARREST?
 those rights intended for 1. The person to be arrested has
the PROTECTION OF A committed, is actually committing, or is
PERSON WHO IS ACCUSED attempting to commit an offense; (IN
OF ANY CRIME FLAGRANTE DELICTO ARRESTS)-
“CAUGHT IN THE ACT”
3. STATUTORY RIGHTS 2. When an offense has just been
 provided by laws promulgated committed and he has probable cause
by THE LAW-MAKING BODY to believe based on personal
 may be abolished by the same knowledge of facts or circumstances
body that the person to be arrested has
committed it; (HOT PURSUIT ARRESTS)
ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS 3. Prisoner who has escaped from a
penal establishment or place where
Section 1. No person shall be DEPRIVED OF he is serving final judgment or is
LIFE, LIBERTY, OR PROPERTY WITHOUT temporarily confined while his case is
DUE PROCESS OF LAW pending, or has escaped while being
transferred from one confinement to
Section 2. another; (ESCAPEE ARRESTS)
 RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO BE SECURE
 searches and seizures IN WHAT INSTANCES WOULD A SEARCH
a) Warrant of Arrest (WOA) AND SEIZURE WITHOUT A WARRANT BE
 a written document issued by ALLOWED? (WARRANTLESS SEARCH AND
a court SEIZURE)
 bound to answer for the 1. Consented warrantless searches
commission of an offense. 2. Exigent and emergency circumstances
3. Search incidental to a lawful arrest
b) Search warrant a. Arrest must be lawful
 an order in writing issued in b. It must be contemporaneous with
the name of the People of the the arrest in both time and place
Philippines, signed by a judge c. Within the vicinity of the person
and directed to a peace arrested, immediate control, which
officer, commanding him to is the evidence of the offense or
search for personal property weapon
described therein and bring it 4. Search of evidence in plain view
before the court 5. Search of a Moving Vehicle
6. Customs Search
Probable Cause 7. Stop and Frisk

Section 3.
  Privacy of communication Section 8.
 Lawful order of the court  Right of the people, including those
 Public safety or order requires employed in the public and private
otherwise, as prescribed by law. sectors, to form unions, associations, or
societies for purposes not contrary to law
Ex. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo - “ I AM shall not be abridged.
SORRY”
Section 9.
 RA 4200 OR WIRE TAPPING LAW  Private property shall not be taken for
o prohibits the unauthorized public use without just compensation.
interception or recording of any
private communication or spoken INHERENT POWERS OF THE STATE
word. 1. Police Power
o Any evidence obtained in  to enact regulations for the health,
violation of this or the preceding safety and welfare of the public.
section shall be inadmissible for 2. Power of Taxation
any purpose in any proceeding.  to impose and collect taxes
3. Power of Eminent Domain
 FRUIT OF POISONOUS TREE  to take private property for “public use”
o evidence that was illegally obtained so long as the government pays “just
compensation.
Section 4.
 No law shall be passed abridging the Section 10.
freedom of speech, of expression, or of  No law impairing the obligation of
the press, or the right of the people contracts shall be passed.
peaceably to assemble and petition the
government for redress of grievances. Section 11.
 Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial
 DEFAMATION bodies and adequate legal assistance shall
o saying or writing something about not be denied to any person by reason of
another person that hurts their poverty.
reputation
1. Libel - made in writing Section 12.
2. Slander- by verbal speaking  Any person under investigation for the
commission of an offense shall have the
Section 5. RIGHT TO BE INFORMED OF HIS RIGHT to
 No law shall be made respecting an remain silent and
establishment of religion, or prohibiting  to have competent and independent
the free exercise thereof. counsel preferably of his own choice.
 Right to religion  If the person cannot afford the services of
counsel, he must be provided with one.
Section 6. These rights cannot be waived except in
 The liberty of abode and of changing the writing and in the presence of counsel.
same within the limits prescribed by law  No torture, force, violence, threat,
shall not be impaired except upon lawful intimidation,
order of the court. Neither shall the right  Any confession or admission obtained in
to travel be impaired except in the violation shall be inadmissible
interest of national security, public  law shall provide for penal and civil
safety, or public health, as may be sanctions
provided by law.
 It can be denied or restricted:  FRUIT OF POISONOUS TREE DOCTRINE
1. Lawful order of the court - evidence illegally obtained and shall be
2. National Security, Public Health, inadmissible in the court of law.
Public Safety is endangered
Section 13.
Section 7.  All persons, except those charged with
 The RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua
INFORMATION on matters of public when evidence of guilt is strong, shall,
concern shall be recognized. before conviction, be bailable by sufficient
 sureties, or be released on recognizance as would be helpful to him to appear in
may be provided by law. court.
 RIGHT TO BAIL shall not be impaired even
when the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required. The judge may issue the following:
a. SUBPOENA - a document ordering a
 Bail person to attend the court
o security required by the court b. SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM - a writ
o given by the accused to ensure that ordering a person to attend the court
the accused appear before the and bring relevant documents.
proper court at the scheduled time
and place to answer the charges 2. Innocent until proven guilty
brought against him.  the accused shall be presumed
innocent until the contrary is
TYPES OF BAIL proved
1. Corporate Bond  a speedy, impartial, and public
- one issued by a corporation licensed trial
2. Property bond
- an undertaking constituted as a lien on Section 15.
the real property given as security for  The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
the amount of the bond. shall not be suspended except in cases of
3. Recognizance invasion or rebellion, when the public
- an obligation of record entered into safety requires it.
usually by the responsible members of
the community before some court or  WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS - means
magistrate duly authorized to take it, that you have the right to make the
with the condition to do some particular government prove a judge that your
act, the most usual act being to assure arrest and detainment are justified.
the appearance of the accused for trial. - Official request to have your day in
4. Cash deposit — the money deposited by court
the accused or any person - Latin phrase “you may have the
Note: Any person accused of detained body”
has the right to invoke bail EXCEPT when
the crime committed is punishable by Section 16.
Reclusion Perpetua or imprisonment at  All persons shall have the RIGHT TO A
least 20 yrs. and 1 day to the maximum SPEEDY DISPOSITION of their cases before
of 40 years all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative
bodies.
Section 14.
 No person shall be held to answer for a Section 17.
criminal offense without due process of  No person shall be compelled to BE A
law. WITNESS AGAINST HIMSELF.
 After the defendant is arrested, booked
and a bail appearance is completed the Section 18.
defendant will then be arraigned. 1. No person shall be detained solely by
reason of his political beliefs and
 ARRAIGNMENT aspirations.
- a hearing in which the defendant is 2. No involuntary servitude in any form
formally charged, the rights are read, and shall exist except as a punishment for a
the court will appoint an attorney if the crime whereof the party shall have been
defendant doesn't have one duly convicted.
- Plead Guilty Or Not Guilty of the crime he
is charged with RIGHT AGAINST INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE
- refer to compulsory service or simply the
RIGHT TO COMPULSORY PRODUCTION OF modern day slavery.
WITNESS AND EVIDENCE
- the accused has the right to demand The new constitution prohibits invlountary
other people who have evidence that servitudes however there are exceptions:
 A. Punishment of the crime
B. The case of personal, military or civil
service defense of the state
C. In compliance to work order issued by
DOLE
D. Army or naval enlistment
E. Exercise by parents on children ARTICLE IV
Section 19. Citizenship
1. Excessive fines shall not be imposed,  Nationality
2. The employment of physical, o individual membership that
psychological, or degrading punishment shows a person's relationship
against any prisoner or detainee or the with the state
use of substandard or inadequate penal o The place or country where the
facilities under subhuman conditions individual has taken birth.
shall be dealt with by law. o A person can be national of
only one country.
Section 20.  Citizenship
 No person shall be imprisoned for debt or o political status, which states
non-payment of a poll tax. that the person is recognized
as a citizen of the country.
However, there are limitations: o Individual is registered as a
1. Creditors can still bring to the court to citizen by the government of
demand and enforce payment of your the country.
debts o A person can become a citizen
2. If the person is guilty of estafa he /she of more than one country.
will be sent to jail.
 ESTAFA - crime of obtaining money SECTION 1.
dishonestly or by trickery. The following are citizens of the Philippines:
 Those who are citizens of the
Section 21. Philippines at the time of the
 No person shall be twice put in adoption of this Constitution;
jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense WAYS OF ACQUIRING PHILIPPINE
 Double Jeopardy CITIZENSHIP:
- a person cannot be charged with a THERE ARE TWO (2) GENERALLY
same or identical crime when such RECOGNIZED FORMS OF ACQUIRING
person was already previously PHILIPPINE CITIZENSHIP:
convicted or acquitted of a similar
crime 1. FILIPINO BY BIRTH
- applied only on Criminal Cases A. JUS SOLI (RIGHT OF SOIL) - an automatic
Filipino citizen if you were born in
Section 22. Philippines soil or territory.
No EX POST FACTO LAW OR BILL OF B. JUS SANGUINIS (RIGHT OF BLOOD) -
ATTAINDER shall be enacted. you’re a Filipino citizen at birth by virtue
 EX POST FACTO LAW- a law that of the nationality of your parents
applies to crimes that happened (mother or father) who are Filipinos. The
before the law has passed Philippine adheres to this principle.
 BILL OF ATTAINDER- no due process 2. FILIPINO BY NATURALIZATION
of law- imposes punishment without - judicial act of adopting a foreigner and
trial clothing him with the privileges of a
native-born citizen.
 “Nullum Crimen Nulla Poena Sine
Lege” KINDS OF CITIZEN
o There is no crime if there is no law 1. Natural Born Citizens - those who are
punishing it citizens of the Philippines from birth
without having to perform any act to
acquire or perfect their Philippine
citizenship.
2. Naturalized Citizens - those who are non- Section 1 hereof shall be deemed
filipino citizens from birth but who later natural-born citizens.
acquired Filipino citizenship through a
judgment of the court, an act of congress, SECTION 3.
or an administrative proceeding.  Philippine citizenship may be lost or
reacquired in the manner provided
 (2) Those whose fathers or mothers by law.
are citizens of the Philippines;
SECTION 4.
Chloe’s mom- illegitimate child of a filipina Citizens of the Philippines who marry
Chloe’s dad- american aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless
Take note: Child born of a Filipino father or by their act or omission they are deemed,
mother whether legitimate or illegitimate under the law, to have renounced it.
still a natural born Filipino
EFFECTS OF MARRIAGE TO A FOREIGNER
 (3) Those born before January 17,  Filipino Citizen who marry an alien
1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect shall retain citizenship unless they
Philippine citizenship upon reaching renounce citizenship
the age of majority; and
LOSS of Philippine Citizenship (CA No. 63)
 (4) Those who are naturalized in LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
accordance with law.  You can lose it VOLUNTARILY or
Involuntarily
3 WAYS TO BECOME NATURALIZED
CITIZEN: VOLUNTARY/EXPATRIATION
In our jurisdiction, there are three kinds of - process of leaving your country and living
naturalization: a new life
1. Administrative Naturalization – RA 1. By naturalization in a foreign country
91393 or Administrative Naturalization Modified by RA 9225 (Citizenship
Law of 2000 Retention and Re-acquisition Act)
- applies to native born aliens who lived in 2. By express renunciation of
the Philippines all their lives or thought citizenship (Executing an affidavit
they were a Filipino expressly renouncing your citizenship)
3. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance
2. Judicial Naturalization - follows CA 473 to support the Constitution of a
or Revised Naturalization Law foreign country upon attaining 21
- if the foreigner not qualified in years of age.
Administrative Naturalization he will 4. By rendering service to or accepting
have to go through this kind of commission in the armed forces of a
naturalization. foreign country.

3. Direct Act of the Congress or Legislative INVOLUNTARY

Naturalization 1. By cancellation of the certificate of
- applies only for aliens who have made naturalization.
outstanding contributions to the country 2. By having been declared by
competent authority a deserter of the
NATURALIZED CITIZEN CAN’T ENJOY THE Philippine Armed Forces in times of war
FF:
1. Dual Citizenship RE-ACQUISITION of Philippine Citizenship
2. Run in any Political Position 1. By taking the oath of allegiance
required of the former natural-born
SECTION 2: Filipinos (Section 3 & 4, RA
 Natural-born citizens are those who 9225 Citizenship Retention and
are citizens of the Philippines from Reacquisition Act).
birth without having to perform any 2. By naturalization (only judicial
act to acquire or perfect their naturalization)
Philippine citizenship. Those who 3. By repatriation
elect Philippine citizenship in o RA 965 – Those who rendered
accordance with paragraph (3), service in an allied foreign
country during the war . 
 o RA 2630 – Those who lost - Accept or reject certain changes in
citizenship by rendering service in the constirution
the armed forces of the United 3. Referendum – It is the submission of
States. a law or part thereof passed by
o RA 725 – For Filipino women who legislative body to the voting citizens
lost citizenship by marriage and for of a country for ratification or
natural-born Filipinos.  rejection.
o RA 8171 – For Filipino women who - Accept or reject a particular
lost their citizenship by reason of proposal
marriage to foreigners and for 4. Initiative – the process whereby the
former natural-born who lost their people directly propose and enact
Filipino citizenship on account of laws or amendments to the
political or economic necessity. Constitution.
5. Recall – It is a method by which a
SECTION 5. public officer may be removed from
Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the office during his tenure or before the
national interest and shall be dealt with by expiration of his term by a vote of the
law. people.

DUAL CITIZENSHIP VS DUAL ALLEGIANCE DISQUALIFIED VOTERS (ART. V)

Dual Citizenship - a citizen of two countries 1. Any person who has been sentenced by
at the same time. final judgment to suffer imprisonment
Dual Allegiance - a person simultaneously for not less than one year, such
owes loyalty to two or more states. disability not having been removed by
NOTE: What the constitution prohibits is plenary pardon or granted amnesty. But
dual allegiance not dual citizenship. such person shall automatically
reacquire the right to vote upon
expiration of five years after service of
ARTICLE V sentence.
SUFFRAGE 2. Any person who has been adjudged by
final judgment by competent court of
Suffrage having committed any crime involving
 the right and obligation to vote of disloyalty to the duly constituted
qualified citizens in the election of government such as rebellion, sedition,
certain national and local violation of anti-subversion and
government and in the decision of firearms law, or any crime against
public questions submitted to the national security, unless restored to his
people. full civil and political rights in accordance
with law. Such person shall likewise
QUALIFICATIONS OF FILIPINO VOTERS automatically regain his right to vote
(ART. V) upon expiration of five years after
1. a citizen of the Philippines; service of sentence.
2. not otherwise disqualified by law; 3. Insane or incompetent persons as
3. at least eighteen years of age; and declared by competent courts.
4. Have resided in the Philippines for at
least one (1) year and in the place he Can illiterates and disabled vote?
proposes to vote for at least six months YES, they can. During election they are
preceding the election. assisted by election officers.

FORMS OF SUFFRAGE (ART. V) Can OFW vote?

1. Election – the means by which the YES. Through absentee voting on the
people choose their officials for process by which qualified citizens of the
definite and fixed period and to Philippines abroad exercise their right to
whom they entrust the exercise of vote.
powers of government.
2. Plebiscite – It refers to a vote of the FUN FACT
people expressing their choice for or Prior to 1937, only Filipino men were
against a proposed law or enactment permitted to cast ballots in the nation. In
submitted to them. 1937, FILIPINO WOMEN WERE GIVEN THE
RIGHT TO VOTE. All of that changed as a
result of Commonwealth Act 34, which saw
women in the nation utilize their right to
vote.