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Fire Sensor

The document describes the function and operation of fire detectors, which identify changes in the environment indicative of fire, primarily through smoke or radiation. It outlines the two main types of smoke detectors—ionization and photoelectric—and their response characteristics to different fire types. Additionally, it explains the integration of a fire sensor with a microcontroller using a transistor to process the sensor's output for fire detection tasks.

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manikantha.gopalasetty
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6 views

Fire Sensor

The document describes the function and operation of fire detectors, which identify changes in the environment indicative of fire, primarily through smoke or radiation. It outlines the two main types of smoke detectors—ionization and photoelectric—and their response characteristics to different fire types. Additionally, it explains the integration of a fire sensor with a microcontroller using a transistor to process the sensor's output for fire detection tasks.

Uploaded by

manikantha.gopalasetty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fire sensor:

The prime function of a fire detector is to detect one or more changes in the protected environment
indicative of the development of a fire condition. Usually mounted on ceiling or in air ducts, detectors are
activated in the main by smoke or radiation.

These conditions can be readily identified with important stages in the development of a fire:
i) After ignition has occurred, and the invisible products are being released.
ii) When visible smoke is being produced.
iii) When the fire is producing flame and a degree of illumination.
iv) When the temperature in the vicinity of the fire rises rapidly or reaches a predetermined figure.

Smoke detectors are identified by their operating principle. Two of the operating principles are ionization
and photoelectric. As a class, smoke detectors operating on the photoelectric principle respond faster to
the smoke generated by low energy (smoldering) fires, as these fires generally produce more of the larger
smoke particles. So it reacts to the visible products of combustion, i.e. the particles of carbon and other
chemical, which give smoke its characteristic appearance. (some burning plastics). As a class, smoke
detectors using ionization principle provide somewhat faster respond to high energy (open flaming) fires,
since these fires produce larger numbers of the smaller smoke particles (e.g. of wood and paper) it reacts
to the invisible products of combustion.

It is particularly important that the detectors are not placed near a ventilating or fresh air inlet where a
current of clean air can pass over them and inhibit their speed of reaction in a fire situation.
The fire sensor used in this project is a 3-pin device.

1. Vcc power supply


2. Output of the fire sensor- usually to be connected to any detecting device for further processing.
3. Ground

The output from the fire sensor is given to an ordinary transistor. Since the microcontroller cannot detect
the output coming from the fire sensor, it is given to the base of the transistor. Thus, the collector of the
transistor will be given to one of the port pins of the microcontroller. Thus, when the fire occurs, the fire
sensor detects the fire and its output alters. Since this output is fed to the base of the transistor, the voltage
at the collector of the transistor changes as per the input applied at its base. Thus, this change occurs at
the port pin of the microcontroller and therefore, the controller identifies this change and immediately
performs the specified task.

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