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LESSON-4-GENERAL-PHYSICS-2

The document outlines key contributions of scientists like Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell to electromagnetism, as well as fundamental concepts such as direct and alternating current. It explains the properties of waves, including transverse and longitudinal waves, and discusses the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light. Additionally, it covers the formation of images in mirrors, detailing types of mirrors and the principles governing their behavior.

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0 views1 page

LESSON-4-GENERAL-PHYSICS-2

The document outlines key contributions of scientists like Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell to electromagnetism, as well as fundamental concepts such as direct and alternating current. It explains the properties of waves, including transverse and longitudinal waves, and discusses the phenomena of reflection and refraction of light. Additionally, it covers the formation of images in mirrors, detailing types of mirrors and the principles governing their behavior.

Uploaded by

quilangravenmark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 4

SCIENTIST
Michael Faraday- discovered electromagnetic induction
Joseph Henry- independently discovered self- induction
James Clerk Maxwell – formulated Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism
- His work revealed that the electromagnetic radiation came from oscillating electric and
magnetic fields traveling as waves with a speed equal to the speed light.
- Described light as propagating wave made up of electric and magnetic field
Isaac Newton- Not related to electromagnetism but known for laws of motion and gravity.
- Discovered that a beam white light disperses into different colors when it passes through a prism.
- He also performed an experiment using a prism in 1665.
- In his experiment, Newton darkened his room and allowed a beam of sunlight to pass through a small
circular hole.
WILLEBRORD SNELL- discovered the law of refraction in 1621.
FACTORS AFFECTING INDUCED CURRENT
• Moving the magnet faster increases induced current.
• Using a stronger magnet increases magnetic field strength
• Increasing the number of loops in a coil increases he induced EMF.
DIRECT CURRENT (DC) – flows in one direction (example: from the batteries)
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)- changes direction periodically (example: household electricity)

TWO KINDS OF WAVES


1. Transverse wave- is a wave in which the movement of the energy is perpendicular to the movement of the
particle of the wave
2. Longitudinal wave- is a wave with the energy moving the parallel to the movement of the particle of the wave.
Wavelength – is the measurement of the distance between the successive crests( highest points) or troughs (lowest
points) of a wave.
Frequency – is the number of waves that propagates in a unit of time, which usually in second.
Speed – is how fast the wave is propagating
ELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY – Is related to the energy stored in an electric field, whereas magnetic permeability is similar to
the energy stored in an electric field.

REFLECTION OF LIGHT
When light strikes a material, it has the capacity to bounce against it or be reflected. This phenomenon is known
as the reflection of light, and it is governed by the law of reflection.
Dispersion- the separation of white light into various colors.

REFRACTION OF LIGHT
-Light travels fastest in a vacuum (c =2.998 x 108 m/s) in ordinary air, it travels a bit slower with a speed of c/
1.0003. in water, light travels at a rate of c/ 1.33; in ordinary glass, it travels at c/1.5. these variations in the speed of light
as the medium becomes denser, lights travel slower rate.
REFRACTION- is the bending of light as it enters a different optical medium.
Incident Ray – Is the light ray that approaches the reflecting surface and forms an angle with line that is line or
perpendicular to the surface.
Reflected Ray – light ray that bounces off reflecting surface

IMAGE FORMATION IN MIRRORS


MIRRORS – are optical devices that permit the reflection of light. A mirror demonstrates the law of reflection as it forms
the image of the object place before it. A mirror can be planar or spherical.
Spherical mirror – it can be either convex or concave.
Plane mirror – it will always form an image that has the same size as the object.
Center of curvature – is the point located twice the focal length from the mirror.
Ray diagram or ray tracing can be used to identify the location, size and nature of the image produced by spherical
mirrors.

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