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The document is a guide to SQL, specifically the 10th edition by Mark Shellman and others, providing comprehensive coverage of database concepts, design, and SQL commands. It includes modules on database design fundamentals, creating tables, single and multiple-table queries, updating data, and database administration. The guide is published by Cengage Learning and is intended for educational use, with restrictions on reproduction and distribution.

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A GUIDE TO SQL
Tenth Edition

Mark Shellman
Gaston College
Hassan Afyouni, Ed.D.
e-conn Chief Information Officer
Philip J. Pratt
Grand Valley State University
Mary Z. Last

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

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Printed in the United States of America

Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2020

Preface ix

Module 1 Introduction to KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell Student

Accommodation Databases 1
Introduction 1
What Is a Database? 1
The KimTay Pet Supplies Database 2
StayWell Student Accommodation Database 8
Module Summary 12
Key Term 12
Case Exercises 12
KimTay Pet Supplies 12
StayWell Student Accommodation 13

Module 2 Database Design Fundamentals 15

Introduction 15
Database Concepts 16
Relational Databases 16
Entities, Attributes, and Relationships 17
Functional Dependence 20
Primary Keys 23
Database Design 25
Design Method 25
Database Design Requirements 26
Database Design Process Example 27
Normalization 33
First Normal Form 33
Second Normal Form 35
Third Normal Form 38
Diagrams for Database Design 43
Module Summary 45
Key Terms 46
Review Questions 46
Case Exercises 47
KimTay Pet Supplies 47
StayWell Student Accommodation 48

Module 3 Creating Tables 51

Introduction 51
Creating and Running SQL Commands 52
Using MySQL Workbench 52
Entering Commands 54
Creating a Database 57
Changing the Default Database 59
Creating a Table 60
Correcting Errors in SQL Commands 65
Dropping a Table 66
Using Data Types 67
Using Nulls 68
Adding Rows to a Table 69
The INSERT Command 69
Inserting a Row that Contains Nulls 73
Viewing Table Data 74
Correcting Errors in a Table 76
Saving SQL Commands 79
Creating the Remaining Database Tables 83
Describing a Table 88
Module Summary 92
Key Terms 92
Review Questions 92
Case Exercises 93
KimTay Pet Supplies 94
StayWell Student Accommodation 94

Module 4 Single-Table Queries 97

Introduction 97
Constructing Simple Queries 97
Retrieving Certain Columns and All Rows 98
Retrieving All Columns and All Rows 99
Using a WHERE Clause 100
Using Compound Conditions 102
Using the BETWEEN Operator 105
Using Computed Columns 107
Using the LIKE Operator 109
Using the IN Operator 111
Sorting 111
Using the ORDER BY Clause 112
Additional Sorting Options 112
Using Functions 113
Using the COUNT Function 114
Using the SUM Function 115

Using the AVG, MAX, and MIN Functions 115

Using the DISTINCT Operator 117
Nesting Queries 119
Subqueries 121
Grouping 123
Using the GROUP BY Clause 124
Using a HAVING Clause 125
HAVING vs. WHERE 126
Nulls 128
Summary of SQL Clauses, Functions, and Operators 129
Module Summary 130
Key Terms 131
Review Questions 131
Case Exercises 132
KimTay Pet Supplies 132
StayWell Student Accommodation 133

Module 5 Multiple-Table Queries 135

Introduction 135
Querying Multiple Tables 135
Joining Two Tables 135
Comparing Joins, IN, and EXISTS 139
Using the IN Operator 139
Using the EXISTS Operator 140
Using a Subquery Within a Subquery 142
A Comprehensive Example 144
Using an Alias 145
Joining a Table to Itself 146
Using a Self-Join on a Primary Key Column 148
Joining Several Tables 150
Set Operations 153
ALL and ANY 159
Special Operations 162
Inner Join 162
Outer Join 163
Product 165
Module Summary 167
Key Terms 168
Review Questions 168
Case Exercises 169
KimTay Pet Supplies 169
StayWell Student Accommodation 170

Module 6 Updating Data 173

Introduction 173
Creating a New Table from an Existing Table 173
Changing Existing Data in a Table 176
Adding New Rows to an Existing Table 179
Autocommit, Commit, and Rollback 180
Transactions 183
Changing and Deleting Existing Rows 184
Executing a Rollback 186
Changing a Value in a Column to Null 187
Changing a Table’s Structure 189
Making Complex Changes 196
Dropping a Table 196
Module Summary 197
Key Terms 197
Review Questions 197
Case Exercises 198
KimTay Pet Supplies 198
StayWell Student Accommodation 199

Module 7 Database Administration 201

Introduction 201
Creating and using Views 201
Using a View to Update Data 210
Updating Row-and-Column Subset Views 210
Updating Views Involving Joins 212
Updating Views Involving Statistics 216
Dropping a View 216
Security 217
Indexes 219
Creating an Index 222
Dropping an Index 223
Creating Unique Indexes 225
System Catalog 225
Update of the System Catalog 228
Integrity Constraints in SQL 229
Module Summary 233
Key Terms 233
Review Questions 234
Case Exercises 235
KimTay Pet Supplies 235
StayWell Student Accommodation 237

Module 8 Functions, Procedures, and Triggers 239

Introduction 239
Using SQL in a Programming Environment 239
Using Functions 240
Character Functions 241
Number Functions 242
Working with Dates 243
Concatenating Columns 248
Stored Procedures Using MySQL 252
Retrieving a Single Row and Column 253
Error Handling 255
Using Update Procedures 259
Changing Data with a Procedure 259
Deleting Data with a Procedure 260
Selecting Multiple Rows with a Procedure 262
Using a Cursor 262
Opening a Cursor 263
Fetching Rows from a Cursor 263
Closing a Cursor 265
Writing a Complete Procedure Using a Cursor 265
Using More Complex Cursors 265
Advantages of Cursors 268
Using PL/SQL in Oracle 268
Error Handling in PL/SQL 270
Writing a Complete Procedure Using a Cursor in PL/SQL 271
Using T-SQL in SQL Server 272
Retrieving a Single Row and Column in T-SQL 272
Changing Data with a Stored Procedure in T-SQL 273
Deleting Data with a Stored Procedure in T-SQL 273
Using a Cursor in T-SQL 274
Using More Complex Cursors in T-SQL 275
Using a Trigger 275
Module Summary 282
Key Terms 283
Review Questions 283
Case Exercises 284
KimTay Pet Supplies 284
StayWell Student Accommodation 286

Appendix A SQL Reference A.1

Aliases A.1
ALTER TABLE A.1
Column or Expression List (SELECT Clause) A.2
Computed Columns A.2
The DISTINCT Operator A.2
Functions A.3
COMMIT A.3
Conditions A.3
Simple Conditions A.3
Compound Conditions A.4
BETWEEN Conditions A.4
LIKE Conditions A.4
IN Conditions A.4
EXISTS Conditions A.5
ALL and ANY A.5
CREATE INDEX A.6
CREATE TABLE A.6
CREATE VIEW A.6
Data Types A.7
DELETE Rows A.8
DESCRIBE A.8
DROP INDEX A.8
DROP TABLE A.9
DROP VIEW A.9
GRANT A.9
INSERT INTO (Query) A.10
INSERT INTO (Values) A.10
Integrity A.10
REVOKE A.11
ROLLBACK A.11
SELECT A.12
Subqueries A.13
UNION, INTERSECT, and MINUS A.13
UPDATE A.14

Appendix B How Do I Reference A.15

Appendix C The 10 Commandments of Writing Queries A.19

Index I.1

Structured Query Language (or SQL, which is pronounced “se-quel,” or “ess-cue-ell”) is a

popular computer language that is used by diverse groups such as home computer users,
small businesses owners, end users in large organizations, and programmers. Although
this text uses the MySQL Community Server 8.0.18 implementation as a vehicle for
teaching SQL, its module material, examples, and exercises can be completed using any
SQL implementation.
A Guide to SQL, Tenth Edition is written for a wide range of teaching levels, from
students taking introductory computer science classes to those students in advanced
information systems classes. This text can be used for a stand-alone course on SQL or in
conjunction with a database concepts text where students are required to learn SQL.
The modules in this text should be covered in order. Students should complete
the end-of-module exercises and the examples within the modules for maximum
learning. Because the content of Module 8 assumes that the reader has had instruction
or experience in at least one programming language, the instructor should determine
whether students will understand its concepts. Students without a programming
background might have difficulty understanding the topic of embedded SQL. Instructors
can easily omit Module 8 from the text in situations where students are not comfortable
with programming examples.
The Tenth Edition builds on the success of previous editions by presenting basic SQL
commands in the context of a business that uses SQL to manage orders, items, customers,
and sales reps. Like in previous editions, this edition uses MySQL 8.0, Oracle 19c, and MS
SQL Server 2019 as the vehicle to present SQL commands. This edition also shows Oracle
and SQL Server commands when they differ from the MySQL version. Differences for
Oracle and SQL Server users are featured in “User” notes, which make it easy for students
to identify differences for the SQL implementation they are using. Students can download
the Oracle 19c Enterprise/Standard Edition or the Oracle 19c Express Edition from the
Oracle Web site for free and use it to complete this text without having to purchase or
install the full Oracle program.
The Tenth Edition includes an entire module on database design, showing stu-
dents how to create an appropriate design that satisfies a given set of requirements, and
includes coverage of the important topics of stored procedures and triggers. The text also
contains updated case problems that feature pet supplier and student accommodation
companies.

D I S T I N G U I S H I N G F E AT U R E S

Use of Examples
Starting in Module 3, each module contains multiple examples that use SQL to solve a
problem. Following each example, students will read about the commands that are used to
solve the stated problem, and then they will see the SQL commands used to arrive at the
solution. For most students, learning through examples is the most effective way to master
material. For this reason, instructors should encourage students to read the modules at
the computer and input the commands shown in the figures.

Case Studies
A running case study—KimTay Pet Supplies—is presented in all the examples within the
modules and in the first set of exercises at the end of each module. Although the data-
base is small in order to be manageable, the examples and exercises for the KimTay Pet
Supplies database simulate what a real business can accomplish using SQL commands.
Using the same case study as examples within the module and in the end-of-module exer-
cises ensures a high level of continuity to reinforce learning.
A second case study—the StayWell Student Accommodation database—is used in
a second set of exercises at the end of each module. This case study gives students a
chance to venture out “on their own” without the direct guidance of examples from
the text.

Question and Answer Sections

A special type of exercise, called a Q&A, is used throughout the text. These exercises drive
students to consider special issues and understand important questions before continu-
ing with their study. The answer to each Q&A appears after the question. Students are
encouraged to formulate their own answers before reading the ones provided in the text to
ensure that they understand new material before proceeding.

User Notes for Oracle and SQL Server Users

When an SQL command has a different use or format in Oracle or SQL Server, it appears
in a User note. When you encounter a User note for the SQL implementation you are
using, be sure to read its contents. You might also review the User notes for other SQL
implementations so you are aware of the differences that occur from one implementation
of SQL to another.

Helpful Hints
Helpful Hint boxes call out fundamental information and provide useful tips for the
successful implementation of SQL. Students should pay careful attention to the advice
within Helpful Hint boxes and are encouraged to review the hints as they are practicing
SQL skills.

Review Material
A Summary and Key Terms list appear at the end of each module, followed by Review
Questions that test students’ recall of the important points in the module and occasionally
test their ability to apply what they have learned. Critical Thinking questions that
reinforce problem-solving and analytical skills are included for review questions and
hands-on exercises. Each module also contains exercises related to the KimTay Pet
Supplies and StayWell Student Accommodation databases.

Appendices
Three appendices appear at the end of this text. Appendix A is an SQL reference that
describes the purpose and syntax for the major SQL commands featured in the text.
Students can use Appendix A to identify how and when to use important commands
quickly. The SQL reference appendix contains references to specific pages in the
text where the command is discussed to make it easy for students to find additional
information when they need to refer back to the section in the text where the topic is
covered.
Appendix B includes a “How Do I” reference, which lets students cross-reference the
appropriate section in Appendix A by searching for the answer to a question. Appendix C
is the 10 Commandments of Writing Queries. This appendix presents summarized steps
and rules for composing an SQL statement.

Instructor Support
The Tenth Edition includes a package of proven supplements for instructors and
students. The Instructor’s Resources offer a detailed electronic Instructor’s Manual,
figure files, Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentations, and the Cognero Test Bank. The
Instructor’s Manual includes suggestions and strategies for using this text as well as
answers to Review Questions and solutions to the end-of-module exercises. Figure files
allow instructors to create their own presentations using figures appearing in the text.
Instructors can also take advantage of lecture presentations provided on PowerPoint
slides; these presentations follow each module’s coverage precisely, include module
figures, and can be customized.
The Instructor’s Resources include the KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell Student
Accommodation cases script files to create the tables and data in these databases in
MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server. These files are provided so instructors have the choice of
assigning exercises in which students create the databases used in this text and load them
with data, or they can provide the MySQL, Oracle, or SQL Server script files to students to
automate and simplify these tasks.

O R G A N I Z AT I O N O F T H E T E X T
The text contains eight modules and three appendices, which are described in the follow-
ing sections.

Module 1: Introduction to KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell Student Accommodation

Database
Module 1 introduces the two database cases that are used throughout the text: KimTay
Pet Supplies and StayWell Student Accommodation. Many Q&A exercises are provided
throughout the module to ensure that students understand how to manipulate the
database on paper before they begin working in SQL.

Module 2: Database Design Fundamentals

Module 2 covers important concepts and terminology associated with relational
databases, functional dependence, and primary keys, followed by a method for designing
a database to satisfy a given set of requirements. It also illustrates the normalization
process for finding and correcting a variety of potential problems in database designs.
Finally, it shows how to represent database designs graphically using entity-relationship
diagrams.

Module 3: Creating Tables

In Module 3, students begin using a DBMS by creating and running SQL commands to
create tables, use data types, and add rows to tables. Module 3 also discusses the role of
and use of nulls.

Module 4: Single-Table Queries

Module 4 is the first of two modules on using SQL commands to query a database. The
queries in Module 4 all involve single tables. Included in this module are discussions of
simple and compound conditions; computed columns; the SQL BETWEEN, LIKE, and IN
operators; using SQL aggregate functions; nesting queries; grouping data; and retrieving
columns with null values.

Module 5: Multiple-Table Queries

Module 5 completes the discussion of querying a database by demonstrating queries
that join more than one table. Included in this module are discussions of the SQL IN
and EXISTS operators, nested subqueries, using aliases, joining a table to itself, SQL set
operations, and the use of the ALL and ANY operators. The module also includes coverage
of various types of joins.

Module 6: Updating Data

In Module 6, students learn how to use the SQL COMMIT, ROLLBACK, UPDATE,
INSERT, and DELETE commands to update table data. Students also learn how to
create a new table from an existing table and how to change the structure of a table.
The module also includes coverage of transactions, including both their purpose and
implementation.

Module 7: Database Administration

Module 7 covers the database administration features of SQL, including the use of views;
granting and revoking database privileges to users; creating, dropping, and using an index;
using and obtaining information from the system catalog; and using integrity constraints
to control data entry.

Module 8: SQL Functions, Procedures, and Triggers

Module 8 begins with a discussion of some important SQL functions that act on
single rows. Students also learn how to use PL/SQL and T-SQL to cover the process of
embedding SQL commands in another language. Included in this module are discussions
of using embedded SQL to insert new rows and change and delete existing rows. Also
included is a discussion of how to retrieve single rows using embedded SQL commands
and how to use cursors to retrieve multiple rows. The module concludes with a discussion
of triggers.

Appendix A: SQL Reference

Appendix A includes a command reference for all the major SQL clauses and operators
that are featured in the modules. Students can use Appendix A as a quick reference when
constructing commands. Each command includes a short description, a table that shows
the required and optional clauses and operators, and an example and its results. It also
contains a reference to the pages in the text where the command is covered.

Appendix B: How Do I Reference

Appendix B provides students with an opportunity to ask a question, such as “How do
I delete rows?” and to identify the appropriate section in Appendix A to use to find the
answer. Appendix B is extremely valuable when students know what task they want to
accomplish but cannot remember the exact SQL command they need.

Appendix C: The 10 Commandments of Writing Queries

Appendix C provides students with a one-page guide (cheat sheet) on the Dos and Don’ts
of writing query statements. The 10 commandments in Appendix C covers all the SQL
rules presented in this text.

GENERAL NOTES TO THE STUDENT

For details on running script files in Oracle or SQL Server, check with your instructor.
You can also refer to Module 3 in the text for information about creating and using scripts.
For information about downloading MySQL and Oracle 19c software, please visit the
Oracle Web site. For information about SQL Server Express, please visit the Microsoft
Web site.

Embedded Questions
In many places, you’ll find Q&A sections to ensure that you understand some crucial
material before you proceed. In some cases, the questions are designed to give you the
chance to consider some special concept in advance of its actual presentation. In all cases,
the answer to each question appears immediately after the question. You can simply read
the question and its answer, but you will benefit from taking time to determine the answer
to the question before checking your answer against the one given in the text.

End-of-Module Material
The end-of-module material consists of a Summary, a Key Terms list, Review Questions,
Critical Thinking questions, and exercises for the KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell
Student Accommodation databases. The Summary briefly describes the material covered
in the module. The Review Questions require you to recall and apply the important mate-
rial in the module. The KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell Student Accommodation exer-
cises test your knowledge of the module material; your instructor will assign one or more
of these exercises for you to complete. Critical-thinking questions that reinforce problem-
solving and analytical skills are included for review questions and hands-on exercises.

Mark Shellman, Gaston College

Dr. Mark Shellman is an instructor and the Chair of the Information Technology
Department at Gaston College in Dallas, North Carolina. Dr. Mark, as his students refer
to him, prides himself on being student-centered and loves learning himself. His favorite
subjects in the information technology realm include databases and programming
languages. Dr. Mark has been teaching information technology for more than thirty years
and has co-authored several texts in the New Perspectives Series on Microsoft® Access
databases.

Hassan Afyouni, e-conn (Chief Information Officer)

Dr. Hassan Afyouni has been working in the information technology field for more
than thirty years. He is a database expert, Oracle® specialist, an enterprise architect,
technical advisor, and educator. He has been an instructor for several colleges and
universities in Canada, the United States, and Lebanon. He is a respected author of several
leading books in the database field.

Philip J. Pratt, Grand Valley State University

Philip J. Pratt is Professor Emeritus of Mathematics and Computer Science at Grand
Valley State University, where he taught for 33 years. His teaching interests include data-
base management, systems analysis, complex analysis, and discrete mathematics. He has
authored more than 75 textbooks and has co-authored three levels of Microsoft® Office
Access books for the popular Shelly Cashman Series, in addition to the popular A GUIDE
TO SQL.

Mary Z. Last
Mary Z. Last has taught computer information systems since 1984. She retired from
the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, where she was an associate profes-
sor and the Director of the Center for Effectiveness in Learning and Teaching. Ms. Last is
actively involved in the Computing Educator’s Oral History Project that encourages young
women to pursue careers in math and science. She has been a contributing author to the
Shelly Cashman Series since 1992. She also authors many instructor resources for leading
database texts.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
From Mark Shellman:
I would first like to dedicate this text to the memory of parents, Mickey and Shelba
Shellman, that passed away during the writing of this text. No child has ever been more
loved and supported in their life than I. I would also like to thank my wife Donna Sue, and

children, Taylor and Kimberly, for their support and patience during this project. Last,
but certainly not least, I would like to thank the entire development team of Amy Savino,
Michele Stulga, and Joy Dark, along with my co-author Hassan Afyouni. Thank you all
from the bottom of my heart for all of your support and caring during this project. It
means more than you will ever know. You are truly the best!

From Hassan Afyouni:

I dedicate this text to my beautiful and patient wife, Rouba, for her everlasting love
and support. I devote every letter of this text to my precious children, Aya, Wissam,
Sammy, and Luna.
Special thanks to my co-author Mark Shellman and Cengage development team Amy
Savino, Michele Stulga, Joy Dark, and to the whole production team. Also, thanks to
Jennifer Bowes for giving me the opportunity to work on this project.

• Introduce KimTay Pet Supplies, a company whose database is used to

manage a pet supplies business. The KimTay database is used as the
basis for many of the examples throughout the text.
• Introduce StayWell, a Seattle-based company whose database is used
to manage accommodation for university students on behalf of property
owners. The StayWell database is used as an additional case that runs
throughout the text.

INTRODUCTION
In this module, you examine the database requirements of KimTay Pet Supplies—a
company that is used in the examples throughout the text. Then, you examine the
database requirements for StayWell, whose database is featured in the exercises that
appear at the end of each module.

WHAT IS A DATABASE?
Throughout this text, you will work with databases for two organizations: KimTay Pet
Supplies and StayWell. A database is a structure that contains different categories
of information and the relationships between these categories. For example, the
KimTay Pet Supplies database contains information about categories such as sales
representatives (sales reps), customers, invoices, and items. The StayWell database
contains information about the offices that manage the accommodation, the owners
of the accommodation, the residents, and the services (such as cleaning and
maintenance) offered for the properties.

Each database also contains relationships between categories. For example, the
KimTay Pet Supplies database contains information that relates sales reps to the
customers they represent and customers to the invoices they have placed. The StayWell
database contains information that relates the two main company offices to the properties
that they manage, the owners, the different services to the service request, and to the
resident renting a property.
As you work through the modules in this text, you will learn more about these
databases and how to view and update the information they contain. As you read each
module, you will see examples from the KimTay Pet Supplies database. At the end of
each module, your instructor might assign the exercises for the KimTay Pet Supplies or
StayWell databases.

THE KIMTAY PET SUPPLIES DATABASE

The management of KimTay Pet Supplies (a supplier of pet supplies, food, and accessories
located in Cody, Wyoming) has determined that the company’s recent growth no longer
makes it feasible to maintain customer, invoice, and inventory data using its manual
systems. In addition, KimTay Pet Supplies wants to build an Internet presence. With the
data stored in a database, management will be able to ensure that the data is up-to-date
and more accurate than in the current manual systems. In addition, managers will be
able to obtain answers to their questions concerning the data in the database easily and
quickly, with the option of producing a variety of useful reports.
Management has determined that KimTay Pet Supplies must maintain the following
information about its sales reps, customers, and inventory in the new database:
• The sales rep ID, first name, last name, full address, cell phone number, total
commission, and commission rate for each sales rep
• The customer ID, first name, last name, full address, e-mail address, current
balance, and credit limit for each customer, as well as the ID of the sales rep
who represents the customer
• The item ID, description, number of units on hand, category, storage location,
and unit price for each item in inventory
KimTay Pet Supplies also must store information about invoices. Figure 1-1 shows a
sample invoice.
The sample invoice shown in Figure 1-1 has three sections:
• The heading (top) of the invoice contains the company name and contact
information; the invoice number and date; the customer’s ID, name, and full
address; and the sales rep’s ID and full name.
• The body of the invoice contains one or more invoice lines, some-
times called line items. Each invoice line contains an item ID, an item
description, the number of units of the item ordered, and the quoted
price for the item. Each invoice line also contains a total, usually called
an extension, which is the result of multiplying the number ordered by
the quoted price.
• Finally, the footing (bottom) of the invoice contains the invoice total.

KimTay Pet Supplies INVOICE

1212 Main Street
Cody, WY 82414 Invoice# 14219
Phone: (307) 824-2762 Date: November 15, 2021
Fax: (307) 824-2763
Heading
TO:
CUSTOMER: 227 SALES REP: 15
Sandra Pincher Donna Smith
53 Verde Ln
Powell, WY 82440

ITEM ID DESCRIPTION QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

ORDERED

Invoice AD72 Dog Feeding Station 2 79.99 159.98

lines DT12 Dog Toy Gift Set 4 39.99 159.96

Extensions

Body

TOTAL 319.94 Footing

Make all checks payable to KimTay Pet Supplies

Total due in 15 days. Overdue accounts subject to a service charge of 1.5% per month.

Thank you for your business!

FIGURE 1-1 Sample invoice

KimTay Pet Supplies also must store the following items in the database for each
customer’s invoice:
• The invoice number, the date the invoice was placed, and the ID of the
customer that placed the invoice. The customer’s name, full address, and
the ID of the sales rep who represents the customer are stored with the
customer information. The name of the sales rep is stored with the sales
rep information.
• The invoice number, the item ID, the quantity ordered, and the quoted price
for each invoice line. The item description is stored with the information
about items. The result of multiplying the number of units ordered by the
quoted price is not stored because the database can calculate it when needed.
The overall invoice total is not stored. Instead, the database calculates the total
whenever an invoice is printed or displayed on the screen.
Figure 1-2 shows sample data for KimTay Pet Supplies.

CUSTOMER
CUST_ FIRST_ LAST_ ADDRESS CITY STATE POSTAL EMAIL BALANCE CREDIT_ REP_
ID NAME NAME LIMIT ID
126 Joey Smith 17 Fourth St Cody WY 82414 jsmith17@ $80.68 $500.00 05
example.com
182 Billy Rufton 21 Simple Cir Garland WY 82435 billyruff@ $43.13 $750.00 10
example.com
227 Sandra Pincher 53 Verde Ln Powell WY 82440 spinch2@ $156.38 $500.00 15
example.com
294 Samantha Smith 14 Rock Ln Ralston WY 82440 ssmith5@ $58.60 $500.00 10
example.com
314 Tom Rascal 1 Rascal Farm Cody WY 82414 trascal3@ $17.25 $250.00 15
Rd example.com
375 Melanie Jackson 42 Blackwater Elk Butte WY 82433 mjackson5@ $252.25 $250.00 05
Way example.com
435 James Gonzalez 16 Rockway Rd Wapiti WY 82450 jgonzo@ $230.40 $1,000.00 15
example.com
492 Elmer Jackson 22 Jackson Garland WY 82435 ejackson4@ $45.20 $500.00 10
Farm Rd example.com
543 Angie Hendricks 27 Locklear Ln Powell WY 82440 ahendricks7@ $315.00 $750.00 05
example.com
616 Sally Cruz 199 18th Ave Ralston WY 82440 scruz5@ $8.33 $500.00 15
example.com
721 Leslie Smith 123 Sheepland Elk Butte WY 82433 lsmith12@ $166.65 $1,000.00 10
Rd example.com
795 Randy Blacksmith 75 Stream Rd Cody WY 82414 rblacksmith6@ $61.50 $500.00 05
example.com

SALES_REP
REP_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE POSTAL CELL_PHONE COMMISSION RATE

05 Susan Garcia 42 Mountain Ln Cody WY 82414 307-824-1245 $12,743.16 0.04

10 Richard Miller 87 Pikes Dr Ralston WY 82440 307-406-4321 $20,872.11 0.06
15 Donna Smith 312 Oak Rd Powell WY 82440 307-982-8401 $14,912.92 0.04
20 Daniel Jackson 19 Lookout Dr Elk Butte WY 82433 307-883-9481 $0.00 0.04

ITEM
ITEM_ID DESCRIPTION ON_HAND CATEGORY LOCATION PRICE
AD72 Dog Feeding Station 12 DOG B $79.99
BC33 Feathers Bird Cage (12×24×18) 10 BRD B $79.99
CA75 Enclosed Cat Litter Station 15 CAT C $39.99
DT12 Dog Toy Gift Set 27 DOG B $39.99
FM23 Fly Mask with Ears 41 HOR C $24.95
FS39 Folding Saddle Stand 12 HOR C $39.99
FS42 Aquarium (55 Gallon) 5 FSH A $124.99
KH81 Wild Bird Food (25 lb) 24 BRD C $19.99
LD14 Locking Small Dog Door 14 DOG A $49.99
LP73 Large Pet Carrier 23 DOG B $59.99
PF19 Pump & Filter Kit 5 FSH A $74.99
QB92 Quilted Stable Blanket 32 HOR C $119.99
SP91 Small Pet Carrier 18 CAT B $39.99
UF39 Underground Fence System 7 DOG A $199.99
WB49 Insulated Water Bucket 34 HOR C $79.99

FIGURE
INVOICES1-2 Sample data for KimTay INVOICE_LINE
Pet Supplies
INVOICE_NUM INVOICE_DATE CUST_ID INVOICE_NUM ITEM_ID QUANTITY QUOTED_PRICE
14216 11/15/2021 125 14216 CA75 3 $37.99
14219 11/15/2021 227 14219 AD72 2 $79.99
14222 11/16/2021 294 14219 DT12 4 $39.99
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
14224
Editorial review has deemed 11/16/2021
that any suppressed content does not materially182
affect the overall learning
14222experience. CengageLD14 $47.99
Learning reserves the right to1remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
PF19 Pump & Filter Kit 5 FSH A $74.99
QB92 Quilted Stable Blanket 32 HOR C $119.99
SP91 Small Pet Carrier 18 CAT B $39.99
UF39 Introduction
Underground to KimTay
Fence System Pet Supplies
7 and StayWell
DOG A Student Accommodation
$199.99 Databases 5
WB49 Insulated Water Bucket 34 HOR C $79.99

INVOICES INVOICE_LINE
INVOICE_NUM INVOICE_DATE CUST_ID INVOICE_NUM ITEM_ID QUANTITY QUOTED_PRICE
14216 11/15/2021 125 14216 CA75 3 $37.99
14219 11/15/2021 227 14219 AD72 2 $79.99
14222 11/16/2021 294 14219 DT12 4 $39.99
14224 11/16/2021 182 14222 LD14 1 $47.99
14228 11/18/2021 435 14224 KH81 4 $18.99
14231 11/18/2021 125 14228 FS42 1 $124.99
14233 11/18/2021 435 14228 PF19 1 $74.99
14237 11/19/2021 616 14231 UF39 2 $189.99
14233 KH81 1 $19.99
14233 QB92 4 $109.95

FIGURE 1-2 Sample data for 14233 WB49 4 $74.95

KimTay Pet Supplies (Continued) 14237 LP73 3 $54.95

In the SALES_REP table, you see that there are four reps, whose ID values are
05, 10, 15, and 20. The name of sales rep 05 is Susan Garcia. Her street address is
42 Mountain Ln. She lives in Cody, WY, and her postal code is 82414. Her cell phone
number is 307-824-1245. Her total commission is $12,743.16, and her commission rate
is 0.04 (four percent).
In the CUSTOMER table, 12 KimTay Pet Supplies customers are identified with
the ID values of 126, 182, 227, 294, 314, 375, 435, 492, 543, 616, 721, and 795. The
name of customer number 126 is Joey Smith. This customer’s address is 17 Fourth St in
Cody, WY, with a postal code of 82414. The e-mail address of the customer is jsmith17@
example.com. The customer’s current balance is $80.68, and their credit limit is $500.00.
The value 05 in the REP_ID column indicates that Joey Smith is represented by sales rep
05 (Susan Garcia).
In the table named ITEM, you see that there are 15 items, whose item ID values are
AD72, BC33, CA75, DT12, FM23, FS39, FS42, KH81, LD14, LP73, PF19, QB92, SP91,
UF39, and WB49. Item AD72 is a Dog Feeding Station, and KimTay Pet Supplies has
12 units of this item on hand. The Dog Feeding Station item is in the DOG category, and it
is located in area B. The price of the Dog Feeding Station is $79.99. Other categories are
BRD (bird), CAT, FSH (fish), and HOR (horse).
In the table named INVOICES, you see that there are eight invoices which are
identified with the numbers 14216, 14219, 14222, 14224, 14228, 14231, 14233, and
14237. Invoice number 14216 was placed on November 15, 2021, by customer 125
(Joey Smith).
The table named INVOICE_LINE might seem strange at first glance. Why do you
need a separate table for the invoice lines? Could they be included in the INVOICES
table? The answer is technically yes. You could structure the table named INVOICES
as shown in Figure 1-3. Notice that this table contains the same invoices as shown in
Figure 1-2, with the same dates and customer ID numbers. In addition, each table row in
Figure 1-3 contains all the invoice lines for a given invoice. Examining the second row,
for example, you see that invoice 14219 has two invoice lines. One of the invoice lines is
for 2 units of item AD72 at $79.99 each, and the other invoice line is for 4 units of item
DT12 at $39.99 each.

Q&A
Question: How is the information from Figure 1-2 represented in Figure 1-3?
Answer: Examine the INVOICE_LINE table shown in Figure 1-2 and note the second and third rows.
The second row indicates that there is an invoice line on invoice 14219 for 2 units of item AD72 at
$79.99 each. The third row indicates that there is an invoice line on invoice 14219 for 4 units of item
DT12 at $39.99 each. Thus, the information that you find in Figure 1-3 is represented in Figure 1-2 in
two separate rows rather than in one row.

It might seem inefficient to use two rows to store information that could be rep-
resented in one row. There is a problem, however, with the arrangement shown in
Figure 1-3—the table is more complicated. In Figure 1-2, there is a single entry at each

INVOICES
INVOICE_NUM INVOICE_DATE CUST_ID ITEM_ID QUANTITY QUOTED_PRICE

14216 11/15/2021 125 CA75 3 $37.99

14219 11/15/2021 227 AD72 2 $79.99

DT12 4 $39.99
14222 11/16/2021 294 LD14 1 $47.99

14224 11/16/2021 182 KH81 4 $18.99

14228 11/18/2021 435 FS42 1 $124.99

PF19 1 $74.99

14231 11/18/2021 125 UF39 2 $189.99

14233 11/18/2021 435 KH81 1 $19.99

QB92 4 $109.95
WB49 4 $74.95

14237 11/19/2021 616 LP73 3 $54.95

FIGURE 1-3 Alternative INVOICES table structure

location in the table. In Figure 1-3, some of the individual positions within the table
contain multiple entries, making it difficult to track the information between columns.
In the row for invoice number 14219, for example, it is crucial to know that the AD72
corresponds to the 2 in the QUANTITY column (not to the 4) and that it corresponds
to the $79.99 in the QUOTED_PRICE column (not to the $39.99). In addition, a more
complex table raises practical issues, such as the following:
• How much room do you allow for these multiple entries?
• What happens when an invoice has more invoice lines than you have allowed
room for?
• For a given item, how do you determine which invoices contain invoice lines
for that item?
Although none of these problems is unsolvable, they do add a level of complexity that
is not present in the arrangement shown in Figure 1-2. In Figure 1-2, there are no multiple
entries to worry about, it does not matter how many invoice lines exist for any invoice,
and finding every invoice that contains an invoice line for a given item is easy (just look

for all invoice lines with the given item number in the ITEM_ID column). In general, this
simpler structure is preferable, and that is why invoice lines appear in a separate table.
To test your understanding of the KimTay Pet Supplies data, use Figure 1-2 to answer
the following questions.

Q&A
Question: What are the customer ID values of the customers represented by Susan Garcia?
Answer: 125, 375, 543, and 795. (Look up the REP_ID value of Susan Garcia in the SALES_REP table
and obtain the value 05. Then find all customers in the CUSTOMER table that have the value 05 in the
REP_ID field.)

Q&A
Question: What is the name of the customer that placed invoice 14222, and what is the name of the
sales rep who represents the customer?
Answer: Samantha Smith is the customer, and Richard Miller is the sales rep. (Look up the CUST_ID
value in the INVOICES table for invoice 14222 and obtain the ID value 294. Then find the customer
in the CUSTOMER table with the CUST_ID value of 294. Using the REP_ID value, which is 10,
find the name of the sales rep in the SALES_REP table.)

Q&A
Question: List all items that appear in invoice 14228. For each item, give the description, quantity
ordered, and quoted price.
Answer: Item ID: FS42; description: Aquarium (55 Gallon); quantity ordered: 1; and quoted
price: $124.99. Also, item ID: PF19; description: Pump & Filter Kit; quantity ordered: 1; and quoted
price: $74.99. (Look up each INVOICE_LINE table row on which the invoice number is 14228.
Each of these rows contains an item ID, quantity ordered, and quoted price. Use the item ID to look up
the corresponding item description in the ITEM table.)

Q&A
Question: Why is the QUOTED_PRICE column in the INVOICE_LINE table? Can’t you just use the
item ID and look up the price in the ITEM table?
Answer: If the QUOTED_PRICE column did not appear in the INVOICE_LINE table, you would need
to obtain the price for an item on an invoice line by looking up the price in the ITEM table. Although
this approach is reasonable, it prevents KimTay Pet Supplies from charging different prices to different
customers for the same item. Because KimTay Pet Supplies wants the flexibility to quote and charge
different prices to different customers, the QUOTED_PRICE column is included in the INVOICE_LINE
table. If you examine the INVOICE_LINE table, you will see cases in which the quoted price matches
the actual price in the ITEM table, and cases in which it differs. For example, in invoice number 14216,
Joey Smith bought three Enclosed Cat Litter Stations, and KimTay Pet Supplies charged only $37.99
each, not the regular price of $39.99.

STAYWELL STUDENT ACCOMMODATION DATABASE

StayWell finds and manages accommodation for owners of student accommodation in the
Seattle area. The company rents out and helps to maintain 1–5-bedroom properties located
in two main areas in the city, Columbia City and Georgetown. This is done on behalf of prop-
erty owners based both in the local area and throughout the United States. Each location is
administrated by a different office, StayWell-Columbia City and StayWell-Georgetown.
StayWell wishes to expand its business. The current model relies on advertisements
in student and university publications in print and online, but prospective owners and
renters need to contact the offices and speak to an administrator on all matters relating
to renting of properties. The office organizes maintenance services for a fee, which is also
currently done via email or direct communication.
StayWell has decided that the best way to increase efficiency and move toward an
e-commerce-based business model is to store all the data about the properties, own-
ers, tenants and services in databases. This will mean that the information can be easily
accessed. StayWell hopes that these databases can then be used in future projects such as
mobile apps and online booking systems.
The data is split into several tables as described below.
The OFFICE table shown in Figure 1-4 shows the office number, office location,
address, area, city, state, and ZIP code.
OFFICE
OFFICE_NUM OFFICE_NAME ADDRESS AREA CITY STATE ZIP_CODE

1 StayWell-Columbia City 1135 N. Wells Avenue Columbia City Seattle WA 98118

2 StayWell-Georgetown 986 S. Madison Rd Georgetown Seattle WA 98108

FIGURE 1-4 Sample data for StayWell offices

StayWell is split into two offices to better manage the properties. This management
includes communicating with owners about the status and upkeep of their properties.
They also facilitate the payment from the properties, meaning that the owners get regu-
lar income without having to collect rent in arrears. Offices also advertise properties and
place students in appropriate properties, facilitating initial visits and taking deposits.
Lastly the office administers the maintenance of the properties, communicating with
residents, owners, and maintenance services. This is discussed later.
StayWell stores information about the owners of each property in the OWNER table,
as seen in Figure 1-5. Each owner is identified by a unique owner number that consists
of two uppercase letters followed by a three-digit number. For each owner, the table also
includes the last name, first name, address, city, state, and ZIP code. Notice the owners
are from across the United States. Although some apartments may be owned by a couple
or a family, only the primary contact is given.
Each property at each location is identified by a property ID, as seen in Figure 1-6.
Each property also includes the office number that manages the property, address, floor
size, the number of bedrooms, the number of floors, monthly rent per property, and the
owner number. The property ID is an integer unique for each property.

OWNER
OWNER_NUM LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP_CODE
MO100 Moore Elle-May 8006 W. Newport Ave. Reno NV 89508
PA101 Patel Makesh 7337 Sheffield St. Seattle WA 98119
AK102 Aksoy Ceyda 411 Griffin Rd. Seattle WA 98131
CO103 Cole Meerab 9486 Circle Ave. Olympia WA 98506
KO104 Kowalczyk Jakub 7431 S. Bishop St. Bellingham WA 98226
SI105 Sims Haydon 527 Primrose Rd. Portland OR 97203
BU106 Burke Ernest 613 Old Pleasant St. Twin Falls ID 83303
RE107 Redman Seth 7681 Fordham St. Seattle WA 98119
LO108 Lopez Janine 9856 Pumpkin Hill Ln. Everett WA 98213
BI109 Bianchi Nicole 7990 Willow Dr. New York NY 10005
JO110 Jones Ammarah 730 Military Ave. Seattle WA 98126

FIGURE 1-5 Sample data for the owners of StayWell properties

PROPERTY
PROPERTY_ID OFFICE_NUM ADDRESS SQR_FT BDRMS FLOORS MONTHLY_RENT OWNER_NUM
1 1 30 West Thomas Rd. 1,600 3 1 1,400 BU106
2 1 782 Queen Ln. 2,100 4 2 1,900 AK102
3 1 9800 Sunbeam Ave. 1,005 2 1 1,200 BI109
4 1 105 North Illinois Rd. 1,750 3 1 1,650 KO104
5 1 887 Vine Rd. 1,125 2 1 1,160 SI105
6 1 8 Laurel Dr. 2,125 4 2 2,050 MO100
7 2 447 Goldfield St. 1,675 3 2 1,700 CO103
8 2 594 Leatherwood Dr. 2,700 5 2 2,750 KO104
9 2 504 Windsor Ave. 700 2 1 1,050 PA101
10 2 891 Alton Dr. 1,300 3 1 1,600 LO108
11 2 9531 Sherwood Rd. 1,075 2 1 1,100 JO110
12 2 2 Bow Ridge Ave. 1,400 3 2 1,700 RE107

FIGURE 1-6 Sample data for StayWell properties

It might at first seem reasonable to include property IDs in the OWNER table, as it would
only add one more column. However, if you look at the tables, you notice that there are more
properties than owners because some owners have more than one property managed by
StayWell. If the OWNER table included the property codes, this would require some entries
to have more than one property ID. This would either require multiple property columns or
require single rows to contain multiple data entries, creating issues in cross-referencing.
StayWell provides maintenance services across the properties in the two areas;
this is shown in Figure 1-7. The SERVICE_CATEGORY table includes details of
these services. The CATEGORY_NUM provides a unique number for the service, and
CATEGORY_DESCRIPTION shows what the service is.

SERVICE_CATEGORY
CATEGORY_NUM CATEGORY_DESCRIPTION
1 Plumbing
2 Heating
3 Painting
4 Electrical systems
5 Carpentry
6 Furniture replacement

FIGURE 1-7 Sample category data for StayWell maintenance services

The SERVICE_REQUEST, as shown in Figure 1-8, table shows requests that residents
have put into the offices for maintenance. Each row contains a unique service ID number,
the property ID, and the category relating to Figure 1-7. For example, the first line shows the
unique service ID, followed by the property ID, which is 11. Looking at the PROPERTY table,
we can see that this is 9531 Sherwood Rd, and by referencing the office number we can see
that this is managed by StayWell-Georgetown. The table includes details of the request, along
with the current status. The estimated time to complete the service is included, plus the
actual amount of time and the date of the action to be taken, where applicable.
The RESIDENTS database, as shown in Figure 1-9, includes details about the
residents living in each property. The RESIDENT column includes the first name and last
name for each of the residents, along with a resident ID. The PROPERTY_ID is the unique
identification number of the property in which they are staying.

SERVICE_REQUEST
SERVICE_ PROPERTY_ CATEGORY_ OFFICE_ DESCRIPTION STATUS EST_ SPENT_ NEXT_
ID ID NUMBER NUM HOURS HOURS SERVICE_DATE
1 11 2 2 The second Problem has 2 1 11/01/2019
bedroom been confirmed.
upstairs is not Central heating
heating up at engineer has
night. been scheduled.
2 1 4 1 A new strip light Scheduled 1 0 10/02/2019
is needed for the
kitchen.
3 6 5 1 The bathroom Service rep has 3 1 11/09/2019
door does not confirmed issue.
close properly. Scheduled to
be refitted.
4 2 4 1 New outlet has been Scheduled 1 0 10/02/2019
requested for the
first upstairs
bedroom. (There is
currently no outlet).
5 8 3 2 New paint job Open 10 0
requested for the
common area
(lounge).
6 4 1 1 Shower is Problem 4 2 10/07/2019
dripping confirmed.
when not in use. Plumber has
been scheduled.
7 2 2 1 Heating unit in Service rep 1 0 10/09/2019
the entrance confirmed the
smells like issue to be dust
it’s burning. in the heating unit.
To be cleaned.
8 9 1 2 Kitchen sink Problem 6 2 11/12/2019
does not drain confirmed.
properly. Plumber scheduled.
9 12 6 2 New sofa requested. Open 2 0

FIGURE 1-9 Sample data for StayWell residents

Module Summary
• KimTay Pet Supplies is an organization whose information requirements include sales
reps, customers, items, invoices, and invoice lines.
• StayWell Student Accommodation is an organization whose information requirements
include management offices, property details, owners, residents, and services
requests.

Key Term
database

Case Exercises

KimTay Pet Supplies

Answer each of the following questions using the KimTay Pet Supplies data shown in Figure 1-2.
No computer work is required.
1. List the first and last names of all customers that have a credit limit above, but not includ-
ing, $500.
2. List the invoice numbers for invoices placed by customer ID 435 on November 18, 2021.
3. List the item ID, item description, and on-hand value for each item in category HOR.
(Hint: On-hand value is the result of multiplying the number of units on hand by the price.)
4. List the item ID and item description of all items that are in category DOG.
5. How many customers have a balance that exceeds their credit limit?
6. What is the item ID, description, and price of the least expensive item in the database?
7. For each invoice, list the invoice number, invoice date, customer ID, and customer first and
last names.
8. For each invoice placed on November 16, 2021, list the invoice number, customer ID, and
customer first and last names.
9. List the sales rep ID, and first and last names, for every sales rep who represents at least
one customer with a credit limit of $1,000.
10. For each invoice placed on November 15, 2021, list the invoice number, item ID, item
description, and category for each item ordered.

Critical Thinking

1. KimTay Pet Supplies needs to be able to contact customers when problems arise concern-
ing an invoice. What other types of data could KimTay include in the CUSTOMER table to
assist in contacting customers?

Georgina laughed. Rose was a little puzzled: the bygone histories

were strange to her. And she was feeling cross besides. Where Rose
took a fancy--and she had taken one long ago to Frederick St. John--
she did not like to see attentions given to any one but her own
sweet self. She tossed her head, throwing back her blue ribbons and
golden curls.

"Is your sister going to make a long stay with us, Rose?" he
quietly asked.

"My opinion is, that she'll make it just as long as you choose to
ask her: for ever and a day if Sir Isaac should please. Take care of
her, Frederick St. John! I never saw Charlotte put forth her
attractions as she is doing now."

She spoke at random--in her wild carelessness: she had never

given a suspicion to the truth--that her sister was purposely trying to
attract Isaac St. John. Cold, proud, arrogant; to do so, would be
against Charlotte's nature, as Rose had always believed.

Mrs. Darling and Rose took their departure from Castle Wafer,
leaving Charlotte and Georgina Beauclerc its only guests. It was
lovely weather, and the weeks went on. The mornings were chiefly
spent out of doors. Isaac St. John, so much stronger than he used to
be, had never gone about his grounds as he was going now. His
companions were always Charlotte Carleton and Georgina; Frederick
often strolling by their side. In the afternoon one or other of them
would be driven, out by Sir Isaac in his low pony-carriage, and the
other would be with Mrs. St. John, sitting at home with her or going
out in the close carriage, as the case might be. As to Frederick, he
was apparently leading a very idle life. In point of fact, he was
secretly busy as ever was a London detective, watching Mrs.
Carleton. He had been watching her closely ever since the departure
of Mrs. Darling and Rose, now three weeks ago, and he persuaded
himself that he did detect signs of incipient madness.

One thing he detected in which there could be no mistake--her

hatred of Georgina Beauclerc. Not by any ordinary signs was this
displayed, by rudeness, by slight, or anything of that sort. On the
contrary, she was studiously polite to Georgina, even cordial at
times. But every now and then, when Georgina crossed her, there
would blaze forth a wild, revengeful fire in the eye, there would be
an involuntary contraction of the long thin fingers, as though they
were tightening on somebody's throat. It would all pass in a moment
and was imperceptible to general observation: but Frederick was
watching.

He also observed that whenever she was put out in this way, it
was always with reference to Isaac. One day in particular, it almost
came to open warfare.

Sir Isaac had ordered round his pony-carriage in the morning,

having to go farther than he could walk. Frederick and Mrs. Carleton
were in the morning-room, and it was somehow arranged, in haste,
that Mrs. Carleton should accompany him. Frederick had not been
particularly attentive at the moment: he was writing letters: but he
thought it was Mrs. Carleton herself who offered to go, not Isaac
who asked her. Be that as it might, she put on her things, and came
back to the room. At almost the same moment, Georgina flew in, a
mantle and bonnet in her hand.

"Are you going out?" asked Mrs. Carleton, drawing her shawl more
closely around her slender and stately form.

"I am going with Sir Isaac," replied Georgina: and Mrs. Carleton
made an almost imperceptible pause before she spoke again.

"I am going with Sir Isaac."

"That I'm sure you are not," cried Georgina, in her spoilt, girlish
way. "Sir Isaac is going to Hatherton, and knows why I must go
there with him: why he must take me in preference to any one else.
Don't you, Sir Isaac?" she added, entwining her arm within his.

"You petted child!" he fondly said. "Who told you I was going to
Hatherton?"

"Brumm. I asked him what the pony-carriage had come round for
this morning. You will take me?" she continued, her voice and
manner irresistible in their sweetness.

"I suppose I must," he answered. "If Mrs. Carleton will allow me--
will excuse the trouble she has had in putting on her things. There!
put on your bonnet, my wilful, troublesome child; you would charm
a bird from its nest."

That any feeling of rivalry could be entertained by either, never

once crossed the brain of Sir Isaac St. John. He had watched
Georgina Beauclerc grow up from a baby, and he looked upon her
still as a child: he gave way to her moods as we give way to those of
a child who is very dear to us. He loved her fondly; he would have
liked her for his daughter: and since the project of marrying
Frederick to Lady Anne St. John had failed, he had cherished a
secret and silent wish down deep in his heart, that Lady Anne might
be supplanted by the dean's daughter. But he was cautious not to
breathe a hint of this, not to further it by so much as lifting a finger.
If it came to pass, well and good, but he would never again plot and
plan, and be made miserable by failure, as he had been in the case
of Lady Anne. That Mrs. Carleton could be seriously annoyed at his
disappointing her for Georgina, did not occur to him: it never would
have occurred to him that she could look on the young lady as
anything but a lovable and loving child.

They went out to the pony-carriage, Georgina on his arm and

prattling in her pretty way. Sir Isaac placed her in, solicitous for her
comfort, and took his seat beside her. Her bright face and its
sparkling grey eyes were beaming with triumph, and she turned
back with a saucy farewell.

"Don't expect us home until you see us."

Let us give Georgina Beauclerc her due. She never suspected, any
more than did Sir Isaac, that Mrs. Carleton could by any possibility
regard her as a rival. Had she been told that Mrs. Carleton was
laying siege to the master of Castle Wafer, Georgina had retired to a
respectful distance and looked on. From her light-hearted youth,
they appeared very old to her. Mrs. Carleton was a widow, who had
lost all she cared for in life; Sir Isaac was a second father to her,
looking older, in his hump, than her own, and she was at liberty to
be free and familiar with him as a daughter.

Mrs. Carleton stood at the window as they drove off. She was
wholly mistaking matters, as we all do when ill-nature or prejudice is
upon us. The triumphant look in the girl's face and eyes, really
shining forth in her warm-hearted joyousness, and unsuspicious of
offence to any, was regarded by Charlotte Carleton as a displayed
triumph over her; the saucy farewell, which was more saucy in tone
than in words, and which was meant for no one in particular, but for
Frederick if any one, was taken by the unhappy lady to herself. That
strange evil look arose in her eyes as she gazed after the carriage,
and a shiver passed through her frame.

Frederick St. John was half frightened. If ever a woman looked

mad, she looked so in that moment. Her long fingers quivered, her
lips were drawn, her face was white as death. He rose silently.

"I beg your pardon, Mrs. Carleton: you are dropping your shawl."

In truth the shawl, which had become unfastened, was falling

from her shoulders, and he made it an excuse for interfering,
speaking in quiet, soothing tones, to be near her and prepared,
should there be any act of violence. She turned and glared at him.
No other word will express the blaze that was in her eyes at the
moment. One whole minute did she so stand before she recollected
herself, or seemed to know what she was looking at or where she
was. Then she gathered up the shawl on her arm, and sat down
quietly.

"Thank you," she said; "this silk shawl is given to slipping off."

In a moment she had obtained perfect mastery of herself: her

pale face was calm again, nay, impassive; her eyes had lost their
frightful expression, and were ordinary eyes once more. Frederick
asked whether he should drive her out; there was Mrs. St. John's
basket-carriage: if she would like a little fresh air, he was at her
service.

At first she said no; but recalled the negative and thought she
would trouble him. It was so quiet indoors this morning without Sir
Isaac, and that gay, foolish girl, Georgina. Yes; if not interrupting
those apparently important letters, she would accept his offer.

So the basket-carriage--rather a rickety affair, for Mrs. St. John

never used it now, and it was given over to neglect--was ordered
round. Mrs. Carleton put on her shawl again, and they started. And
there he was, driving this, as he verily believed, half-mad woman,
who was calm as an angel now; conversing with him sensibly and
placidly, a pleasant smile in her dark eyes.

But this morning's doings were an exception. In a general way it

was Mrs. Carleton who was the companion of Isaac St. John. She
walked with him in the morning; Georgina and Frederick generally
falling into the background; she drove out with him in the afternoon;
she sat by his side, speaking in soft whispers, at night. That she was
either really in love with Isaac St. John, or striving to make him in
love with her, there could no longer be any doubt on the mind of
Frederick. He wondered whether it was apparent to others; but he
could not tell.
Over and over again he asked himself the question--were these
signs of madness, or not? People were rather in the habit of turning
white with passion; he himself, to wit, on occasion; and jealousy and
dislike of a pretty girl were nothing new. All that was as nothing: but
he could not forget that awful look in the eyes, that movement of
the hands, that peculiar shiver of the frame; and he believed that
she, Charlotte Carleton, was either mad or in danger of becoming
so. You see, the doubt had been already implanted in him by Rose
Darling; but for that, he might never have so much as glanced at the
possibility; and he very seriously pondered the question, whether
this fear arose solely from that whispered communication, and had
no place in reality.

It is possible the affair altogether might not have continued to

trouble him, but for a word dropped by his mother. Mrs. Carleton sat
by Sir Isaac that evening in the drawing-room, her low words
breathed in the softest whisper. She was trying to learn, so ladylike
and candid all the while, what business he and Georgina had had at
Hatherton. Isaac made no very particular reply: and indeed there
was none to make. A man lived at Hatherton who had been a
protégé of the dean's, but he fell into evil habits, ill-treated his poor
sick wife, and finally was discarded. It was for this man Georgina
had been begging grace of Isaac--that Sir Isaac would take him on,
and give him a trial; and it was to see the wife that Georgina went
to Hatherton. No great news to tell; and Sir Isaac did not perceive
that Mrs. Carleton was anxious to hear it. Presently Sir Isaac rose,
went out, and sat down on the terrace; it was a sultry night, and
every breath of air was grateful. Mrs. Carleton also went out and sat
by him.

"Frederick," whispered Mrs. St. John, in the impulse of the

moment, "should you be very much disappointed were Isaac to give
Castle Wafer a mistress?"

So his mother had noticed it! "Not if the mistress were suitable."
"He might give it a worse, Frederick; I like her."

Frederick St. John drew in his breath. A worse! Surely, never a

worse, if his fears were correct, than she; not though Isaac searched
the whole world through. Mrs. St. John looked up at her son.

"You are silent, Frederick. Should you not like her?"

"I think not."

"It is only a suggestion that crossed me; it does seem next door to
an impossibility that Isaac should marry, after all. Don't let it make
you uncomfortable."

"Nay, mother mine, you mistake me," he said. "None would more
heartily welcome the thought of a wife for Isaac, should such be his
own desire; but I--I think I should not like the wife to be Mrs.
Carleton."

He spoke calmly, but a flush passed over his brow at the thought,
a chill to his heart. He quitted his mother and strolled outside.

Georgina was with Isaac then. She had edged herself between
him and the arm of the bench, and was taking up his attention, to
the exclusion of Mrs. Carleton. If the girl had only known the sin she
was committing in that lady's sight! Luring him away in her pretty
wilfulness to walk with her on the lower walks under the bright
stars; and he went without so much as a word of apology or regret
to Mrs. Carleton: and the sound of their voices as they paced
together, came up with a joyous ring on the still night air. Frederick
St. John watched her attentively under cover of the darkness; he
saw the distorted countenance, the fearful eyes, and he decided that
she was mad, and was meditating some revenge on Miss Beauclerc.

It troubled him greatly. At one moment he recalled all the queer

and horrible tales he had heard of people killing or injuring others in
their madness, previously unsuspected; the next, he asked himself
whether he were awake or dreaming, that he should call up ideas so
unlikely and fantastical. By-and-by, when they were all indoors
again, Mrs. Carleton sat down to the piano, and sang some low,
sweet music, charming their ears, winning their hearts. Had all the
doctors connected with Bethlehem Hospital come forward then to
declare her mad, people would have laughed at them for their pains;
and Mr. St. John amidst the rest.

Have you ever observed with what a different aspect we see

things in the morning from what we saw them at night? In the broad
light of the bustling day, if we by chance glance back at our evening
fancies--seeming true enough then--it is with a shrug of compassion
at their folly. All the time Mr. St. John was dressing, the sun shining
gaily into his chamber, he was feeling rather ashamed of himself.
How could he have allowed those horrible thoughts to obtain a
moment's ascendency the previous night? Was he not doing Mrs.
Carleton an unpardonable injury? He had positively no grounds
whatever to go upon, except that past communication made by
Rose, which might have had no truth in it. "I've a great mind to go
away!" quoth Mr. St. John, "and pick up some common sense before
I come back again."

As he went along the corridor, Mrs. Carleton was coming out of

her own room, pale, quiet, handsome, her head raised a little
haughtily as usual. She held out her hand to Mr. St. John with a
smile; and he, in his new fit of repentance, placed it within his arm,
and led her downstairs.

"I have had a letter from Rose," she said. "Would you like to see
it? She speaks of Paris as of an elysium."

She sat down to preside at the breakfast-table. Mrs. St. John

rarely quitted her room until midday. The windows opened to the
terrace, and he went out, the letter in his hand. Georgina was
leaning on some railings, and did not turn to greet him. He asked
her what she was looking at.
"I'm not looking: I am thinking. I was trying to recollect whether I
really had an adventure in the night, or whether it was only a
dream."

The words, without perhaps sufficient cause, seemed to sharpen

every faculty he possessed. Crushing Rose's letter in his hand, as a
thing of no moment, he asked Georgina to explain what she meant.

"Something awoke me in the middle of the night," she said; "and I

saw, or thought I saw, a face bending over my bed, close to mine. I
called out, 'Who is it? What do you want?' but there was no answer,
only the curtain seemed to stir, and then the door closed very
quietly, as if whoever it was had left the room. I don't think I was
yet quite awake, but I ran to the door, opened it, and looked out. I
saw--at least I fancied I saw--that quiet maid of Mrs. Carleton's,
Prance; she was standing in the corridor in a white petticoat or night
dress, and I could have declared that I heard her speaking in an
angry whisper. But the next moment I could see no trace of any one;
and when my eyes grew accustomed to the grey light, I saw that all
the chamber doors were shut."

He paused an instant before replying. "Are you sure it was Prance

in the corridor? Did you see her distinctly?"

"I saw only the white things she was wrapped in; the outline of
her figure. It was by that outline I took it to be Prance, and because
she was standing at Mrs. Carleton's door, which was then open, or
seemed to be."

"Could it have been Mrs. Carleton herself, standing there?"

"No. It was nothing like tall enough. If it was anybody, it was

Prance; that is, if anything of the sort did take place, and it was not
a dream; and she was speaking angrily to some one inside Mrs.
Carleton's room."

"Do you, yourself, think it was a dream, Georgina?"

"I should have felt quite certain that it was not a dream, that it
was all reality, only that Prance positively denies it. She says she
never was out of the room at all last night after Mrs. Carleton came
up to bed. She says, she thinks I must, have had a nightmare."

"Where does Prance sleep? Somewhere at the back, I suppose."

"She sleeps in Mrs. Carleton's room. Did you not know it? There
was a little bed put into the room for her the day they came. Mrs.
Carleton does not like sleeping in a room alone."

"When did you speak to Prance about it?"

"Just now I saw her in the corridor. I asked whether anything was
the matter last night, but she did not seem to know what I meant,
and I explained. She quite laughed at me, saying I must have been
suffering from nightmare."

"And denying that she was in the corridor?"

"Entirely. She says it's not possible any one could have been there,
for she slept very badly last night, and must have heard the slightest
movement outside, had there been any, her bed being close to the
door. What do you think?" concluded Georgina.

Mr. St. John did not say what he thought: he chose rather to treat
it lightly. "It might have been a sort of nightmare."

"But I never had nightmare before in my life. I seemed to see the

outline of a head and face over me, though indistinctly."

"Did you think the face was Prance's?"

"It seemed to belong to somebody taller than Prance. I dare say it

was a dream, after all. Don't laugh at me."
"A dream, no doubt," he said. "But Georgina, I would not mention
this if I were you. I'll not laugh at it, but others might: and Mrs.
Carleton would not like the idea of her door being open, or supposed
to have been open in the middle of the night. If Prance has to sleep
in her room, I suppose she must be of a timid nature, and she might
be getting thieves and robbers into her head should she hear of
this."

"I did not intend to say anything to her. But Prance most likely
will."

"Prance can do as she chooses. There is another thing--I would

advise you to lock your chamber door just at present."

She looked up at him with surprise. "Lock my chamber-door! What

for?"

"Well," he answered, after a brief hesitation, "you could not then

fancy that any one came in."

"I could not sleep with my door locked. If a fire took place in the
house, I might be burnt up before any one could arouse me."

"Georgina, trust me," he said, impressively, and he laid his hand

upon her shoulder, "I will take care of you in case of fire, and if your
door is locked, burst it open. Turn the key of your door just now, to
oblige me."

"Tell me what you suspect--that you should thus caution me."

"I--think it--just possible--that some one may walk in their sleep.

Perhaps one of the maids."

"Oh! I should not like that," exclaimed Georgina, unsuspiciously. "I

should be far more frightened if some one asleep came into my
room in the night, than if they were awake."
"Just so: therefore you will lock your door. Promise me."

"I promise, Frederick."

He turned from her, and crossed the terrace to enter the

breakfast-room, she looking after him, a whole world of love shining
unconsciously from her wistful eyes. No, it was of no use: she had
striven against her love; but it was all in vain. Passionately as she
had loved Frederick St. John in the old days, before he had given
signs of liking any one--unless it had been her cousin Sarah,--before
he ever saw Adeline de Castella, so passionately she loved him still.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

A TELEGRAM

Georgina Beauclerc's revelation was a complete overthrow to Mr.

St. John's more tolerant feelings of the morning. He fully believed it.
He believed that the face leaning over the girl's bed must have been
Mrs. Carleton's, that she had glided away when Georgina awoke;
and that Prance, who must have suddenly discovered her absence
from the room, had then come in search of her. Why did Prance
sleep in her chamber? That seemed rather an odd thing to Mr. St.
John. And--assuming that it was Mrs. Carleton--what motive could
have taken her to Georgina's room?--have caused her to hang over
her when asleep? Had she done it in restlessness?--become weary,
and so have risen and prowled about the corridor and the rooms to
while away the hours? Mr. St. John strove to think so: perhaps,
rather, to deceive his own heart into thinking so. As to her having
any intention of injuring Georgina, his mind shrank from entertaining
the idea. He could not bear even to glance at it: apart from the
horror of the thing, it partook too much of the sensational and
romantic.

And how, indeed, could he think it? Look at her now. Sitting there
so calm, so gentle, by Georgina's side, handing the cup of tea to
Isaac she had just poured out, speaking with a sunny smile.

"I won't transgress this time, Sir Isaac, and give you too much
sugar. Indeed, I forgot before. I must have thought I was
sweetening for Mr. St. John."

"Ay, no doubt," replied Sir Isaac. "He can take any amount of
sugar. Do you remember when you were a little fellow, Fred, I would
half melt the lumps in my tea, and you would eat them for me?"

Frederick laughed. "I remember you indulged me in many things a

great deal more than I deserved."

"I have had a letter from Alnwick this morning," observed Sir
Isaac, turning to Mrs. Carleton. "Drake remonstrates against the Hall
being left empty any longer. He says if I would only go to it for a
week, it would be an earnest that it will sometime be occupied
again. What should you all say to a week's visit there--provided Mrs.
St. John shall think herself well enough to undertake the journey?"

No one replied. Mrs. Carleton gave one startled glance upwards,

and then busied herself with her tea-making.

"The alterations in the conservatory are finished," continued Isaac:

"a very nice thing they have made of it, Drake says. You remember
that awkward-looking corner by the stove, Mrs. Carleton? That also
has been remedied."

Mrs. Carleton looked up now, her face quietly impassive. "Sir

Isaac, I would rather not hear anything about Alnwick. I try to put
my past happiness from me as much as possible, and do not care to
be reminded of it."

"I beg your pardon," cried Sir Isaac, in warm, considerate tones;
"I ought to have remembered. Then you would not like to go there?"

"No. Not yet."

Of course that ended it, Sir Isaac intimated, and the conversation
dropped. He was ever solicitous for the comfort of Mrs. Carleton, in
small things as in great. This may have arisen solely from his
sympathy with her position, from the feeling that he was in
possession of the revenues she had once expected would be hers:
but that she attributed it to a warmer sentiment, there could be little
doubt.

"Will you go out with me in the pony-carriage this morning?"

asked Sir Isaac. "I have not felt so strong the last day or two, and
think, perhaps, I have been walking too much."

"I will go with you, dear St. Isaac," was Mrs. Carleton's honeyed
answer; and Frederick St. John did not like to see the gratified look
that illumined his brother's face as he thanked her.

They went out. Georgina disappeared within the apartments of

Mrs. St. John, to write a long-delayed letter to her mother; and
Frederick buried himself and his thoughts in the shadiest nook of his
painting-room--for he had one at Castle Wafer. He had intended to
go out shooting that morning, after breakfast, in his lazy fashion, for
September was passing; but he felt in no mood for it now. A horrible
dread had taken possession of him--that, not interfered with, his
brother would be led on to marry her.

Not interfered with! Who was to interfere? In moments of difficulty

we always think, "If the case were different, I could meet it." He was
thinking so. "If I were not Isaac's heir, then I might speak out
fearlessly. As it is--it would appear as though I interfered from
interested motives; and I cannot do it."

Perhaps he was right. He might have seen his way more clearly,
had there been tangible proof to bring forward concerning Mrs.
Carleton's state of mind; but there was none. To say, "I fear she is
not quite sane, or that she may hereafter become insane," would
naturally be met by the question, "What grounds have you for
thinking so?"--and he had really no good grounds to advance. And
yet he felt that Isaac ought to be warned, lest he should
compromise himself.

Grumbling at the untowardness of things, tired to death with

worry, flinging a palette here, a painting there, striding the room
with slow and uneven steps, Mr. St. John contrived somehow to live
through the morning. Suddenly, when he was stretching himself, and
rather wishing for wings that he might fly to the uttermost parts of
the earth, it occurred to him that he would speak to Honour. The girl
had once dropped some inadvertent words in his hearing, and she
might be able to tell him more. It seemed that he would give half his
own undoubted inheritance to set the question at rest.

He rang the bell, and told the servant who answered it to send
Honour to him. He had not seen the girl, as far as he remembered,
since his present sojourn at home. The fact was, Honour's duties
had been changed, and lay downstairs now, instead of above. She
had given up the place of housemaid, which she found did not suit
her, to become assistant to the housekeeper, and was learning
cooking and confectionery. Not once in six months now would her
duties take her up the grand staircase, or bring her in contact with
the guests.

"Where have you been hiding yourself?" asked Mr. St. John, when
she appeared in obedience to his orders. "I never see you by any
chance."
Honour explained now. She looked just the same as ever, and she
still wore mourning for her beloved Benja.

"Honour, I want to ask you a question. And you must answer it,
for it is essential that you should do so. But you may rely upon my
discretion, and no trouble shall accrue to you from it. You once
spoke a word or two which led me to infer that your late mistress,
Mrs. Carleton St. John, was not altogether of sound mind. Did you
mean what you said?"

Honour paused. Not from fear of speaking, but in doubt what to

say. Mr. St. John, attributing it to the former motive, again assured
her that she might trust him.

"It is not that, sir; it is that I don't well know how to answer you. I
remember what I said--you were asking me about that dreadful
night, saying that from the manner in which he had been burnt to
death it looked as though somebody had done it for the purpose;
and I answered, in the moment's haste, that nobody could have
done that, unless it was Mrs. St. John in her madness."

"But did you mean anything, Honour? That is the point to be

considered now."

"I did, and I didn't, sir. I had seen my mistress two or three times
in a most awful passion; a passion, sir, that you would hardly believe
possible in a lady, and I meant that if she had done it, it must have
been in one of those mad fits of passion. But I did not really mean
that she had done it," resumed Honour, "and I could have bitten my
tongue out afterwards for answering so carelessly; it was the very
thing Mrs. Darling warned me against. There was no reason for
supposing the calamity to have been anything but pure accident."

"What had Mrs. Darling warned you against?"

"It occurred in this way, sir. After it was all over and the poor lamb
buried, I had brain fever; and they tell me I made all sorts of wild
accusations in it, amidst others that my mistress had set fire to
Benja and bolted the door upon him. After I got well, Mrs. Darling
told me of this. Nothing could be kinder than what she said, but she
warned me never to breathe such words again. I should not have
had such a thought, even in my delirium, but for the bolted doors; I
couldn't get over that at the time; but I came to the same
conclusion at last as other people--that poor Benja must have
fastened the one to keep me out, and that the other was not bolted
at all. It's likely enough, for I never was in such a flurry before,
smelling the burning so strong."

"And in your delirium you accused your mistress of having caused

the mischief?"

"So they tell me, sir. How I came to fancy such wicked thoughts is
the wonder. It's true that she was always jealous of Benja after her
own child was born, always hated him; and I suppose I remembered
that, even in my unconsciousness. Not an hour before the accident
she had beaten him cruelly."

"Beaten him!" interrupted Mr. St. John.

"She did, sir. It's over now, and I said nothing about it: where was
the use? Well, all these things must have got jumbled together in my
poor fevered brain, and caused me to say what I did. I was very
sorry for it, sir, when I got well; I should never have thought of such
a thing in my senses."

"Then--although you used the word 'madness,' you never had

cause to think her really insane?"

"Oh no, never. In those frightful passions she was as one mad, sir,
but they were over directly. I hope you'll pardon me, sir, for having
been so foolish as to say it."

"Nay, Honour, it is nothing to me. We all make slips occasionally in

talking. That's all I wanted to ask you."
She turned to leave the room. Mr. St. John took a rapid summary
in his mind of what he had heard. It seemed only to increase his
difficulties. There was not the slightest corroborative testimony as to
her possible insanity; but there were other hints which tended to
render her a most unfit wife for Isaac. If----

His reflections were brought to a sudden conclusion by a scream

outside. This studio of his was situated in an angle of the staircase,
where it was rather dark. Honour had not yet closed the door: but
the scream did not appear to have come from her. He hastened out.

It had come from Mrs. Carleton. Standing in the opposite angle,

gathered closely against the wall, as if hiding from a ghost, her eyes
were fixed with a glare of terror upon Honour, her face was white as
death. She had just come in from the drive with Sir Isaac, and was
on her way to her room to take off her bonnet for luncheon. Honour
saw the effect her appearance caused, and stood irresolute,
curtseying, not liking to go down, because she would have to brush
past Mrs. Carleton. Before Mr. St. John had recovered from his
astonishment, Prance came gliding up and took her mistress by the
arm.

"It's only Honour Tritton, ma'am; do you not know her? You fool,
why did you put yourself in her sight!" added the woman to Honour
in whispered exasperation. "I told you to keep out of it--that she
didn't know you were here. The sight of you cannot be pleasant to
her remembrance."

Almost by force, as it seemed, she led her mistress away to her

bedroom and closed the door. A good way down the corridor Mrs.
Carleton's white face was turned back on Honour, with its look of
wild, desperate fear.

Mr. St. John seemed equally stunned with Honour. "What is the
meaning of this?" he asked.
"I'm sure I don't know, sir," was the girl's answer, as she burst into
tears.

"Prance said she had warned you to keep out of Mrs. Carleton's
sight. Is that true?"

"Yes, sir, it's true. She said her mistress did not know I was at
Castle Wafer, and I had better take care and not show myself to
her."

"But why?"

"I don't know, sir. All she said was that Mrs. Carleton St. John was
fearfully angry with me still, knowing that, but for my carelessness in
leaving the child he would be alive now. I had kept out of her sight
until today. But it seemed to me now that she looked more terrified
than angry."

As it had to Mr. St. John. Honour went out about her business,
and he felt bewildered with the complication of events that seemed
to be arising. There came down an apology to the luncheon-room
from Mrs. Carleton, delivered by Prance. Her lady had a headache,
brought on by being so long in the hot sun without a parasol, and
was now lying down.

"How sorry I am!" exclaimed Sir Isaac. "She complained of the sun
when we were out."

Late in the afternoon, she came into the drawing-room, dressed

for dinner. Frederick happened to be there alone. As a matter of
politeness, he condoled with her on her indisposition, hoping it was
gone.

"Not quite. To tell you the truth, Mr. St. John," she continued in
quiet, confidential tones, "the sight of that woman, Honour Tritton,
had as much to do with my headache as the heat. You know who
she was, I presume--nurse to my poor little stepson; the woman to
whose unpardonable carelessness his death was attributable. I have
never been able to think of the woman since without horror, and the
unexpected sight of her--for I had no idea she was at Castle Wafer--
was almost too much for me."

"She is one of the servants here," observed Frederick, not very

well knowing what else to answer.

"As I hear. I wonder Sir Isaac should have engaged her. However,
of course, that is no business of mine. I hope she will not come into
my way again, for I have a perfect horror of her. But for her
wickedness, we might all still have been happy at Alnwick."

She rose as she spoke, and went on the lawn. Mrs. St. John was
there. Sir Isaac was then in his own sitting-room, and Frederick went
in to him. The table was strewed with papers, and he was writing
rapidly.

"Look at this," he said to Frederick, holding out a letter, and in his

voice might be traced a sound of annoyance. "It is incomprehensible
how people can be so stupid."

"Are you writing to stop it?" asked Frederick, when he had read
the note.

"I am writing; but whether it will be in time to stop it, is another

matter. The letter only came by this afternoon's post."

"I should telegraph," said Frederick. Sir Isaac laid down his pen.
"It might be the better plan, But you can say so little in a message."

"Do both," advised the younger brother. "I will go off at once and
send the message, and you can post your letter afterwards. You will
then have the satisfaction of knowing that all has been done that
can be done."
"Yes, that will be better. If you don't mind the trouble. But you will
hardly be back by dinner-time."

"Yes I shall. And as to trouble, Isaac, I think it's doing me a

kindness. I have been in a cross-grained mood all day, for want
perhaps of something to do."

Sir Isaac wrote the message, and Frederick started with it, leaping
down the slopes buoyant as a schoolboy. It was a sensible relief,
perhaps, to what he had called his cross-grained mood. He had only
a short walk; for the railway had now been extended from
Lexington, and its small station was not far from the lodge gates of
Castle Wafer.

Mr. St. John entered the little telegraph office. He gave in his
message, and was exchanging a few words with the clerk, when the
rustle of petticoats was heard, and a female voice addressed the
clerk in hurried accents. Mr. St. John at the moment was behind the
partition, and unseen by the newcomer.

"Young man, can I send a telegraph off at once? It's in a hurry."

"You can send a telegram," responded the clerk. "Where's it to?"

"Paris."

"What's the message?"

"I've wrote it down here, so that there may be no mistake. It's

quite private, if you please, and must be kept so: a little matter that
don't concern anybody. And be particular, for it's from Castle Wafer.
Will it be in Paris tonight?"

"Yes," said the clerk, confidently, as he counted the words.

"What's to pay?"
"Twelve-and-sixpence."

"Twelve-and-sixpence!" repeated the voice. "What a swindle."

"You needn't pay it if you don't like."

"But then the telegram would not go?"

"Of course it wouldn't."

The clink of silver was heard, dashed down upon the counter. "I
can't stop to argue about the charge, so I must pay it," grumbled
the voice. "But it's a great shame, young man."

"The charges ain't of my fixing," responded the young man. "Good

afternoon, ma'am."

She bustled out again as hurriedly as she had come in, not having
seen Mr. St. John, or suspected that the wooden partition had any
one behind it. He went to the door, looked after her, and recognized
Prance: he thought he had not been mistaken in the voice. She was
walking very fast indeed in the direction of Castle Wafer.

"I must see that message, Jones," said Mr. St. John, turning back
into the little room.

Mr. Jones hesitated; but there was an air of quiet command in the
words--and the speaker was the heir of Castle Wafer. He laid the
written message on the desk.

"Mary Prance to Mrs. Darling.

"Please come back as quick as you can. I don't like her symptoms.
I am afraid of something that I had better not write down here."
"Is it to go, sir?" asked the clerk.

"Oh yes, it is to go. Thank you. It's all right. I had a reason for
wishing to see it."

He walked back to the house; not quickly, as Prance was doing,

but slowly and reflectively. Sufficient food for reflection he had, in
truth. They had not gone in to dinner; and Georgina Beauclerc, her
beautiful grey eyes sparkling with excitement, crossed the lawn to
meet him, wearing a blue silk evening dress, and pearls in her hair.

"Oh, Frederick, guess the news! It has come to me only now. I

won't tell it you unless you guess it."

He took both her hands in his, and gazed steadfastly into her
excited face. The blushes began to rise.

"News--and I am to guess it? Perhaps it is that you are going to

be a sober girl."

She laughed, and would have drawn her hands away. But he held
them still.

"I can't wait: I must tell you. Papa and mamma are on their way
home. They will be at the Rectory tomorrow night."

"How have you heard it?"

"They have had news at the Rectory and sent up to tell me, I am
so glad! It seems ages and ages since I saw papa. Only think how I
might have been spared the trouble of writing that long letter to
mamma today, had I known?"

"I am glad too," he said, his tone changing to seriousness. "We

shall get rid of you now."
One hasty glance at his face. What she saw there puzzled her. He
really did look as though he meant it.

"Why do you say that?"

"Because it's the truth. I shall be glad when you are away from
here, safe in the dean's charge again."

There was an earnestness in his tone which caused her large eyes
to open.

"You have not been rude to me once this time until now," she
pouted. "Sir Isaac would not say that."

"Rude?"

"It is rude to tell me you want to get rid of me. I never said a
ruder thing to you than that, in my wildest days."

"I do want it," he answered, laughing. But he laid his hand upon
her head as he spoke, and looked fondly at her. Her eyelids fell.

"You know I don't care for you, Georgina."

But the words were spoken as though he did care for her.
Georgina ran away from him into the drawing-room. He followed,
and found them going in to dinner, Charlotte Carleton leaning on the
arm of Sir Isaac.

"What are you going to do with Alnwick, Sir Isaac?"

The question came from Mrs. Carleton, and it may be that it took
Sir Isaac somewhat by surprise, after her previous avoidance of the
subject. They were at dessert, not on this same day, but on the
next, for four-and-twenty hours have gone on.
"In what way do you mean?" Sir Isaac asked, consideration very
distinguishable in his tone. But it was called up by the subject alone.

"Shall you ever live at it?"

"I am not sure. I have a place in the North, you know, hitherto
held in reserve should I leave Castle Wafer."

"But you would never leave Castle Wafer!"

"As its master, yes, should Frederick marry. It has always been my
intention to resign it to him. But I dare say they would have me as
their guest for six months of the year."

Her handsome face was bent downwards; her raven hair, with the
perfumed white rose in it, was very close to her host.

"Is he likely to marry?"

"Not that I am aware of. I wish he was!"

"Let him take Alnwick as a residence, and remain yourself at

Castle Wafer. The idea of your having to quit this beautiful place
when you have made it what it is!"

Sir Isaac smiled. "Frederick says as you do, Mrs. Carleton. He

protests he will never reign at Castle Wafer so long as I live. It may
end in our living here together, two old bachelors; or, rather, an old
bachelor and a young one."

"But shall you never marry?" she softly asked. "Why should you
not form ties of your own? Oh, Sir Isaac, it is what every one would
wish you to do."

Sir Isaac slightly shook his head. Frederick St. John's ears were
strained to catch the conversation, although he was giving his
attention to Miss Beauclerc.
"Do you know what I should like to do with Alnwick?"--and Sir
Isaac's voice dropped to a whisper. "I should like to see you in it."

A streak of crimson crossed her cheek at the words. "I never,

never could live again at Alnwick. Oh, Sir Isaac"--and the handsome
face was raised pathetically to his--"think of the trouble it brought
me! You could not expect me to go back to it."

He answered the look with eyes as pitying as her own.

"Give Alnwick to your brother, Sir Isaac. Remain yourself at Castle

Wafer: never think of leaving it."

"You like Castle Wafer?"

"I never was in any place that I liked so much."

"Then you must not run away from it," said Sir Isaac, smiling.

"I don't want to run away from it," she answered, her eyes lifted
pleadingly to his. "I have nowhere to run to. It is so hard--so very
hard to make a fresh home! And I have so little to make one with. I
lost all when I lost Alnwick."

A movement. Mrs. St. John was rising, and Frederick gave his
mother a mental blessing as he opened the door. Sir Isaac passed
the claret to him as he sat down, and he poured out a glass
mechanically, but did not touch it. In the last twenty-four hours his
doubts, as to Mrs. Carleton's designs on Sir Isaac, had become
certainties, and his spirit was troubled.

"You have been inviting Mrs. Carleton to prolong her stay here,
Isaac?"

"I invited her, when she first came, to stay as long as she liked,"
was Sir Isaac's reply. "I hope she will do so."
"Do you like her?"

"Very much indeed. I liked her the first time I ever saw her. Poor
thing! so meek, so gentle, and so unfortunate! she has all my
sympathy."

Frederick St. John took up his dessert-knife and balanced it on one

of his fingers, supremely unconscious of his actions. He by no means
saw his way clear to saying what he should like to say.

"She urges me to give you Alnwick as a residence, Fred."

"She is very generous," returned Fred: and Sir Isaac did not detect
the irony of the remark. "I heard her say it would be a sin for you to
quit Castle Wafer; or something to that effect. It has been always
my own opinion, you know, Isaac."

"We shall see."

"Isaac, I am going to be rather bold, and attack one of your--I had

almost said prejudices. You like Charlotte Carleton. I don't like her."

"Not like her!"

"No, I don't. And I am annoyed beyond measure at her staying on

here, with no chance, as far as I can see, of her leaving. Annoyed,
for--for your sake."

The words evidently surprised Sir Isaac. He turned his keen eyes
upon the speaker. Frederick's were not lifted from the balancing
knife.

"What do you see in her to dislike?"

"For one thing, I don't think she's sincere. For another----"

Down fell the knife on the dessert-plate, chipping a piece off its
edge. The culprit was vexed. Sir Isaac smiled.
"The old action, Fred. Do you remember breaking that beautiful
plate of Worcester porcelain in the same way?"

"I do: and how it vexed my mother, for it spoilt the set. They had
better not put me a knife and fork; make me go without, as they do
the children. I am sure to get playing with them."

"But about Mrs. Carleton? Go on with your catalogue of grievances

against her."

When the mind is hovering in the balance, how a word, a tone,

will turn it either way! The slight sound of amusement, apparent in
Isaac's voice, was a very mockery to his listener; and he went on,
hating his task more than before, almost inclined to give it up.

"For another thing, I was going to say, Isaac--I am not sure that
she is sane."

"You are not sure of--what?"

"That Charlotte Carleton is quite in her sane senses."

Sir Isaac stared at his brother as though asking whether he was in

his.

"Are you jesting, Frederick?"

"No. I am in sober earnest."

"Then perhaps you will tell me what grounds you have for saying
this."

And here was Frederick's dilemma. What grounds had he? None.
The reasons that seemed weighty enough to his own mind, were as
nothing when spoken; and it suddenly struck him that he was not
justified in repeating the gossip of a girl as careless as Rose.
"I have seen a strange look in her face more than once," he said;
"a wild, awful expression in her eyes, that I don't believe could visit
the perfectly sane. Isaac, on my honour I don't speak without
believing that I have good reason--and that it lies in my duty to do
so."

"I think you speak without grounds, Frederick," said Sir Isaac,
gravely. "Many of us look wild enough at times. I have noticed
nothing of this."

"She is on her guard before you."

"That is nonsense. Insane people are no more on their guard

before one person than another. Did you go to sleep and dream
this?"

Frederick winced. He saw that Isaac was laughing at him. "There

are other indications," he said.

"What are they?"

Could he answer? Could he tell the doubt, spoken by Georgina--

that the lady had been in her room in the night? Could he tell of the
meeting with Honour on the stairs? Of the telegram he had
surreptitiously read? And if he did, what proofs were they? Georgina
might have had nightmare: Mrs. Carleton's horror at sight of Honour
was not unnatural: and Prance's telegram need not refer to her
mistress. No; it was of no use mentioning these: they might weaken
rather than strengthen Isaac's belief.

"Isaac, I am almost sorry that I spoke to you," he resumed. "To

my own mind, things are pretty conclusive, but I suppose they
would not be so to yours."

"Certainly not, unless you have other grounds than 'looks' to go

upon. Why did you mention the matter at all?"
Frederick was silent. The true motive--the fear that Isaac might be
drawn into marrying her--he could not reveal. He might have been
misconstrued.

"Did you enter on this to prejudice me against her?"

"Well--yes; in a sense I did."

"That you might get her away from Castle Wafer?"

"Yes, also."

"Then all I can say is, I don't understand you: unless, indeed, you
are more insane than she is. She may stop here for ever if she likes.
Remember, I enjoy the revenues that were once hers. And please
don't attempt anything of this sort again, Frederick."

Sir Isaac left the dining-room as he spoke, and Frederick took his
hat and went out, his veins tingling with a sense of shame and
failure. He could not speak to more effect than he had spoken now;
that wretched self-consciousness withheld him: and yet he felt that
Isaac ought to be warned. Were he indeed to marry her, and find
out afterwards that she was insane, Frederick believed that it would
kill him.

Ill at ease, he strode on towards the Rectory, Georgina having

exacted a promise from him that he would go and learn at what
hour Dr. and Mrs. Beauclerc were expected. They had already
arrived. The dean was in his study alone, his genial face bent over
sundry letters he was opening. A few threads of silver mingled now
with his light auburn hair, and his shoulders were slightly stooping;
but his eyes, the very counterpart of his daughter's, were frank and
benevolent as ever, and his hand was as cordial.

Losing his own father at an early age, and being much with Dean
Beauclerc, it is possible that Frederick St. John had insensibly grown
to look upon him almost in the light of a father. Certain it was, that

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A Guide to SQL 10th Edition Mark Shellman - eBook PDF download

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OCA Oracle Database SQL Exam Guide (Exam 1Z0-071) 1st

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

Printed in the United States of America

Module 1 Introduction to KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell Student

Module 2 Database Design Fundamentals 15

Module 3 Creating Tables 51

Module 4 Single-Table Queries 97

Using the AVG, MAX, and MIN Functions 115

Module 5 Multiple-Table Queries 135

Module 6 Updating Data 173

Module 7 Database Administration 201

Module 8 Functions, Procedures, and Triggers 239

Appendix A SQL Reference A.1

Appendix B How Do I Reference A.15

Appendix C The 10 Commandments of Writing Queries A.19

Structured Query Language (or SQL, which is pronounced “se-quel,” or “ess-cue-ell”) is a

Question and Answer Sections

User Notes for Oracle and SQL Server Users

Module 1: Introduction to KimTay Pet Supplies and StayWell Student Accommodation

Module 2: Database Design Fundamentals

Module 3: Creating Tables

Module 4: Single-Table Queries

Module 5: Multiple-Table Queries

Module 6: Updating Data

Module 7: Database Administration

Module 8: SQL Functions, Procedures, and Triggers

Appendix A: SQL Reference

Appendix B: How Do I Reference

Appendix C: The 10 Commandments of Writing Queries

GENERAL NOTES TO THE STUDENT

Mark Shellman, Gaston College

Hassan Afyouni, e-conn (Chief Information Officer)

Philip J. Pratt, Grand Valley State University

From Hassan Afyouni:

• Introduce KimTay Pet Supplies, a company whose database is used to

THE KIMTAY PET SUPPLIES DATABASE

KimTay Pet Supplies INVOICE

ITEM ID DESCRIPTION QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

Invoice AD72 Dog Feeding Station 2 79.99 159.98

TOTAL 319.94 Footing

Make all checks payable to KimTay Pet Supplies

Thank you for your business!

FIGURE 1-1 Sample invoice

05 Susan Garcia 42 Mountain Ln Cody WY 82414 307-824-1245 $12,743.16 0.04

FIGURE 1-2 Sample data for 14233 WB49 4 $74.95

KimTay Pet Supplies (Continued) 14237 LP73 3 $54.95

14216 11/15/2021 125 CA75 3 $37.99

14219 11/15/2021 227 AD72 2 $79.99

14224 11/16/2021 182 KH81 4 $18.99

14228 11/18/2021 435 FS42 1 $124.99

14231 11/18/2021 125 UF39 2 $189.99

14233 11/18/2021 435 KH81 1 $19.99

14237 11/19/2021 616 LP73 3 $54.95

FIGURE 1-3 Alternative INVOICES table structure

STAYWELL STUDENT ACCOMMODATION DATABASE

1 StayWell-Columbia City 1135 N. Wells Avenue Columbia City Seattle WA 98118

FIGURE 1-4 Sample data for StayWell offices

FIGURE 1-5 Sample data for the owners of StayWell properties

FIGURE 1-6 Sample data for StayWell properties

FIGURE 1-7 Sample category data for StayWell maintenance services

FIGURE 1-8 Sample service request category

FIGURE 1-9 Sample data for StayWell residents

KimTay Pet Supplies

Georgina laughed. Rose was a little puzzled: the bygone histories

She spoke at random--in her wild carelessness: she had never

One thing he detected in which there could be no mistake--her