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20.1

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DEBASIS BAL
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3 views

20.1

project on DATA

Uploaded by

DEBASIS BAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab ExpErimEnt 20 : r basics - initiaLizing

matricEs and pErforming matrix opErations


Objective:
To understand the basics of matrices in R, including initialization, basic matrix operations,
and applying functions on matrices.

Part 1: Initializing Matrices in R:


1.1 Creating a Matrix:
In R, a matrix is a two-dimensional array with rows and columns.
# Creating a matrix using matrix() function A <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nrow=2, ncol=3, byrow=TRUE)
print(A)
• c(1,2,3,4,5,6): Vector of elements.
• nrow=2: Specifies number of rows.
• ncol=3: Specifies number of columns.
• byrow=TRUE: Fills matrix row-wise.
Output:
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 2 3
[2,] 4 5 6

1.2 Creating a Matrix from Vectors:


# Using rbind() and cbind() functions
row1 <- c(1, 2, 3)
row2 <- c(4, 5, 6)
B <- rbind(row1, row2) # Row-wise binding
print(B)
Output:
[,1] [,2] [,3]
row1 1 2 3
row2 4 5 6

col1 <- c(1, 4)


col2 <- c(2, 5)
col3 <- c(3, 6)
C <- cbind(col1, col2, col3) # Column-wise binding
print(C)
Output:
col1 col2 col3

[1,] 1 2 3

[2,] 4 5 6

Part 2: Performing Matrix Operations:


2.1 Basic Matrix Arithmetic:
# Define two matrices
X <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4), nrow=2, ncol=2)
Y <- matrix(c(5, 6, 7, 8), nrow=2, ncol=2)
# Matrix Addition
Z_add <- X + Y
print(Z_add)
Output:
[,1] [,2]

[1,] 6 10

[2,] 8 12

# Matrix Subtraction
Z_sub <- X - Y
print(Z_sub)
Output:
[,1] [,2]

[1,] -4 -4

[2,] -4 -4

2.2 Matrix Multiplication:


# Element-wise multiplication
Z_elem_mult <- X * Y
print(Z_elem_mult)

Output: [,1] [,2]

[1,] 5 21

[2,] 12 32

2.3 Transpose and Inverse of a Matrix:


# Transpose of a Matrix
X_transpose <- t(X)
print(X_transpose)

Output:
[,1] [,2]

[1,] 1 2

[2,] 3 4

# Inverse of a Matrix (only for square and non-singular matrices)


X_inverse <- solve(X) # Assumes X is non-singular
print(X_inverse)

Output: [,1] [,2]

[1,] -2 1

[2,] 1.5 -0.5


2.4 Determinant and Eigenvalues
# Determinant of a Matrix
det_X <- det(X)
print(det_X)

Output:
[1] -2

# Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors


eig_X <- eigen(X)
print(eig_X)

Output:
$values

[1] 5 0

$vectors

[,1] [,2]

[1,] -0.447214 -0.894427

[2,] 0.894427 -0.447214

Conclusion:
This experiment provides hands-on experience with matrices in R, covering initialization, and
basic operations. Understanding these fundamentals is essential for data analysis and
machine learning applications in R.

NAME :- Debasis Bal


Sic :- 24MDSC75
Roll No. :- 26
Dept.:- MSc Data Science

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