AL-Huda Montessori School & College (GRC)

COMPUTER SCIENCE
Solved Exercises Grade 9
UNIT#01:COMPUTER SYSTEM
MCQs
Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions.
Sr. Statement A B C D
What computing machine was Abacus Analytical Tabulating Differential
1 capable of taking input from Engine Machine Analyzer
punch cards and storing data in
memory?
2 What technology replaced Transistors Integrated Microprocessor Magnetic
vacuum tubes in second- Circuits tapes
generation computers?
3 Which computer generation First Generation Second Third Generation Fourth
introduced the use of Integrated Generation Generation
Circuits (ICs)?
4 Which of the following is an Telephone network Human body Database Automobile
example of a natural system?
5 Which component of the Arithmetic Logic Control Unit Memory Address Data Register (DR)
microprocessor controls the Unit (ALU) (CU) Register (MAR
working of input/output devices
and storage devices?
6 Which type of memory retains
data even when the computer is RAM ROM Cache Register
turned off?
7 What is the main purpose of Store program Provide Control Perform arithmetic
Cache memory? instructions high-speed input/output operations
storage devices
8 What is the smallest unit of
memory in a digital computer? Kilobyte Bit Byte Megabyte
9 Which memory type uses laser RAM Optical Cache memory ROM
beams read and writes data? memory
10 In Von Neumann architecture, In separate In the processor's In the cache
where are instruction data and memory units In the same registers memory
program data stored? memory unit
11 What is the primary function Control Display Transmit data Perform arithmetic
of the buses in a computer's memory graphic between operations
memory system? operations components
12 What is the primary function of Establishing Converting Deciding the Sending data in
the Presentation Layer in the connection data into a physical path of both directions
OSI model? between standard format data simultaneously
computers
13 In which network topology is Star Topology Bus topology Mesh Topology Ring Topology

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 data transmission unidirectional,
like radio or television
broadcasts?
14 Which data communication TCP/IP HTTP FTP SMTP
standard is used for transferring
web pages and related data on
the
World Wide Web?
15 Which network architecture Client/Server Peer-to-Peer Metropolitan Area Wide Area
requires each computer to act as Network Network Network (MAN Network (WAN)
either a server or a client but not
both Simultaneously?
UNIT#01:COMPUTER SYSTEM
SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Q: Give Short answers to the following short questions (SRQS).
i. What is the function and significance of Napier's Bone in early computing?
Ans: John Napier :
John Napier developed Napier's bones, a manually operated calculating device.
Function:
It used 9 separate strips (bones) marked with numerals to multiply and divide. It was also the first machine
to calculate using the decimal point system.
ii. How did Charles Babbage's Difference Engine differ from the Analytical Engine?
Difference Engine Analytical Engine
 In the early 1820s, Charles Babbage created the  Charles Babbage created another calculating
 Difference Engine. machine, the Analytical Engine, in 1830.
 It was a mechanical computer that could do  It was a mechanical computer that took input
basic computations. from punch cards.
 It was a steam-powered calculating machine  It was capable of solving any mathematical
used to solve numerical problems. problem and storing data in memory.

iii. What is the primary goal of fifth- generation computers?

Ans: The Goals of fifth Generation of computer:
 The main objects of fifth generation of Computers are to develop devices that can understand natural
languages and have thinking power.
 This is a big challenge for computer developers and programmers to design such systems and software for
them.
 It goal is used Artificial Technologies in machine with the capability to learn ,think reason and solved
problem automatically and independently.

iv. Name the three types of memory mentioned on the motherboard in the Von Neumann architecture.
Ans: Three types of memory mentioned on the motherboard in the Von Neumann architecture
1.Secondary Storage (HDD,SSD,CD/DVD etc)
2.Random Access Memory (RAM)
3. Cache
4.Registers (inside the processor)

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 v. Differentiate between volatile and non-volatile memory.
Ans:
Volatile Memory Non-Volatile Memory
(i)Volatile memory is a temporary memory, (i)Non-volatile memory is a permanent memory
(ii) It does not It retains the information when (ii) It retains the stored information even when
powered off. powered off.
It retains the information as long as the
power (electricity) supply is on but It will
lost the information when the power
(electricity) is supply is off
(iii) Examples of volatile memory (iii)Examples of Non-volatile memory include
1. RAM (Random access memory) 1. ROM (Read-only memory
2. Cache memory and 2. .Flash memory/USB, M
3. Registers. 3. Magnetic storage devices (e.g.. hard disks
and magnetic laps),
4. Optical disks and blue-ray disk.
(iv) It is also known as temporary memory as it (iv) Non-volatile memory is typically used as
holds data for temporarily during execution. secondary storage long-term or future use.

vi. Show memory hierarchy with the help of diagram.

Ans:
Registers (CPU)

Storage/Memory Increase
(Fastest, smallest, most expensive
Level 1 Cache (L1)
Speed Increases

(Very fast, small, close to CPU)

Level 2 Cache (L2)
(Fast, larger than L1)
Level 3 Cache (L3)
(Largest cache, slower than L2)
Main Memory (RAM)
(Slower, larger, cheaper)
Secondary Storage
(Hard drives/SSDs, largest, slowest)

vii. Why is the word size and how does it affect the computer's performance?
Ans: Word size refers to the number of bits that computer's CPU can process or manipulate in a single Instruction or
operation.
Speed:
Word size affect the speed As a larger word size allows the processor to handle more data at once.
For instance, a 64-bit processor can process data in 64-bit chunks, while a 32-bit processor handles 32-bit
chunks.
Efficiency:
Larger word sizes can reduce the number of instructions needed to perform tasks, which can improve overall
Efficiency.

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 viii. What is pipelining, and how does it improve the efficiency of a CPU?
Ans: Pipeline Processing: Many modern CPUs pipelining to increase efficiency. In a pipeline, multiple instructions
are in different stages of execution simultaneously. This allows for better utilization of the CPU's resources and
faster execution of instructions.

ix. Imagine you are building a custom computer for a friend. Give three considerations you would take
into account when choosing the type and size of memory for this computer.
Ans:
 Usage Requirements: Choose memory size based on tasks—8GB-16GB for general use, 32GB+ for gaming, video
Editing or heavy multitasking.
 Motherboard Compatibility: Ensure the memory type (DDR4/DDR5), size per stick, and total capacity are
supported by the motherboard.
 Performance Needs: Balance speed (e.g., 2400MHz vs 3600MHz) with cost, considering the CPU and
motherboard's support for faster RAM.

x. You are a computer technician tasked with upgrading an older computer with a slow CPU.
How might you improve its performance without replacing the entire CPU?
Ans: The performance of the computer can be improved by following ways
 Upgrade RAM: Add more or faster RAM to boost performance.
 Install an SSD: Swap the HDD for an SSD for faster boot and load times.
 Improve Cooling: Enhance cooling to prevent CPU throttling.

xi. Your school is planning to purchase new printers for the computer lab. Give three advantages and
disadvantages of impact and non-impact printers to help them make a decision./Difference between
impact and non impact printer Also tell which one is better
Ans:
Impact Printer Non-impact
 Impact printer uses electro-mechanism which  Non Impact printer prints without striking
prints the character/image shapes by striking against the paper.
against the paper.
 Impact printer makes a lot of noise while printing.  Non-impact does not make any noise.
 The print quality is not high as compared non-impact  The print quality of non-impact printer is
printer. high.
 The printing speed is slow.  The printing speed is fast.
 This support limited media compatibility.  This support variety of media compatibility.
 These are cheap in price  These are expensive printer
Which one is better?
Non-impact printers offer superior print quality, faster speeds, and quieter operation, making them better for
general office home but not cost effective as impact printer

xii. Define "protocol" in the context of data communication.

Ans: Protocol:
A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communications. It represents an agreement between the
Communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices are connected but may not communicating
with each other.

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 xiii. Define simplex, half-duplex, and full- duplex modes of communication with one example each.
Ans: Simplex mode:
 In simplex mode, the communication takes place in only one direction.
 In this mode communication is unidirectional and it is not possible for the receiver to send data back.
 Example: TV, Radio, TV Cable.
Half-duplex mode:
 In half-duplex mode, the communication takes place in both the directions but not at the same time.
 The signal can only be sent or received at one time.
 Example: ATM Machine, Walkie Talkie.
Full-duplex mode:
 In full-duplex mode, the communication takes place in both the directions at the same time.
 In this mode, both sender and receiver can send and receive the data simultaneously.
 Example: Communication between computers, Telephone.
xiv. What are start and stop bits, and where are they used in data transmission?
Ans: Start and Stop bits are used in asynchronous transmission.
 Star bit tells the receiver that a character is coming.
 Stop bit indicates that transmission of character has ended.
 These bits provide timing (synchronization) for the connection between the sender and the receiver.

xv. How does a switch differ from a hub in a network?

Ans:
Hub Switch
 Hub is a connectivity device used in LAN.  Switch is a networking device that performs the
 It connects multiple LAN devices on one network same job as the hub.
and makes them act together as a single network.
Difference
Hub and Switch has same job but Switch considered as intelligent as hub. As it gathers the information
about data Packet and forwards it to only the node(computer)it was intended for.

xvi.
How does asynchronous transmission differ from synchronous transmission, and in what situations
are they typically used?
Ans: Difference between Asynchronous transmission and Synchronous transmission
Asynchronous transmission Synchronous transmission
1. In Asynchronous transmission, the time interval 1. In Synchronous transmission, the time interval
between two characters is very variable and not between two characters is always same.
fixed.
2. In Asynchronous transmission, each character is 2. In Synchronous transmission, there is no control
transmitted with additional control 1 information. information added with the characters.
Control information consists of additional start
and stop bits. 3. Data consisting of O’s and 1s transmitted as one
3. Start bit is generally 0 and stop bit is 1. long stream of bits.
 Speed: Asynchronous transmission is slow 4. Speed: Synchronous transmission is faster than
because of the additional bits transmitted with asynchronous transmission because it does not
each character. require extra start and stop bits
 Example: Transmission between CPU and 5. Example: Data communication between
Keyboard or mouse. computers in computer networks.
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 xvii. Explain the concept of a peer-to-peer network and its limitations compared to a client/server network
Or Write difference between Peer-to Peer Network and Client/Server Network.
Ans:
Peer-to Peer Network Client/Server Network
1. In peer-to-peer network all computers have the same 1. In a client/server network, each computer in the
status. network acts as either server or a client.
2. Every computer is capable of playing the role of 2. In a client/server network, server shares its resources
client, server or both at the same time. such as hard disk, printers and internet connection
3. Each computer on network is known as peer. with client computers.
4. A peer on the network can share as well as access 3. A server is a main computer in a network which is
available resources on the network. used to manage network resources and facilitates
other computers.
4. Clients are computers in a network that access
services made available by a server.
Limitations of Peer-to Peer network compared to a client/server network
6. Peer-to-peer networks are suitable for a small 9. Client/server network can be as small as two
number computers and it can have hundreds and even
7. It falls to range between 1 to 10 computers thousands of computers as well.
8. It does centralized security. 10. It provides centralized security to ensure that
resources are not accessed by unauthorized users

xviii. Compare and contrast the star and ring network topologies.

Star Topology Ring Topology

 In a star network topology, each network node is  Ring topology is shaped just like a ring.
connected to a central device called a hub.  It is made up of a unbroken circle of network
 Large networks can require many hubs and hubs nodes.
can be connected to each other to create a single
large network.
Features of Star Topology: Features of Ring Topology
 It is suitable for both small and large networks.  Each node is directly connected to the ring
 Easy to install and wrire.  Easy to install and wire.
 Easy to detect and remove faults.  Data on the network flows in one dire
 Failure of cable does not stop functioning of the  Not costly to implement.
entire network.
Limitations of Star Topology Limitations of Ring Topology:
 Failure of the hub causes the entire network to go down.  If the ring is broken at any point, the whole
 Expensive topology to implement. network stops functioning.
 Lengthy cable with a hub is required to install star topology.  Slower than other network topologies

xix. Why mesh topology is considered the most reliable but also the most expensive implement?
Ans: Mesh Topology:
In mesh topology, each node is directly connected to all the nodes.
Features of Mesh Topology:
 Most reliable network topology.
 Data can be routed around failed computers or busy ones
 Can manage high traffic.
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 Limitations of Mesh Topology:
 Most expensive topology to implement
 Setup and maintenance is very difficult
Reason mesh topology considered the most reliable but also the most expensive implement
 Mesh topology is considered the most reliable because each device is directly connected to every other
device, ensuring multiple paths for data.
 However, it is the most expensive due to the high number of cables and network devices required for
full connectivity.

xx. What is the role of the Application Layer in the OSI model?
Ans: Application layer:
 Application Layer provides services end-user.
 It interacts with the operating system or application software whenever the use wants to send files,
read messages or perform other network related activities.
UNIT#01:COMPUTER SYSTEM
Long Questions (Exercise)
Q.1: Describe the evolution of computer generations from the first generation to the fourth generation, highlighting
the key technological developments and their impact on computing.
Ans. See Answer from Pg. # 9-11 (Computer Generations)
Q.2: Discuss the importance of categorizing and understanding different types of systems, both natural and artificial
, and provide examples of each type.
Ans. See Answer From Pg. # 12-14 (Natural and Artificial System)
Q.3: Explain the characteristics and potential challenges associated with fifth- generation computers that aim to
understand natural languages and possess thinking capabilities. What are the implications of such advancements
in computing on society?
Ans. See Answer From Pg. #11-12 (Fifth Generation of Computers)
Q.4: Explain the fundamental components of network communication, and how do they work together to facilitate
data transfer?
Ans. See Answer From Pg. # 39 -40 (Network communication components)
Q5: Describe the roles of common communication devices like hubs. switches, routers, and gateways in data
Communication. How they contribute to the functionality of network?
Ans. See Answer From Pg. #42 -43 (Communication Devices)
Q.6: Discuss the advantages and limitations of different network topologies, including bus, star, ring, and mesh.
When should each topology be used in a network design?
Ans. See Answer From Pg. # 48-49 (Network Topologies)
Q.7: What is the OSI model, and how does it help in understanding the process of data communication?
Explain each of the seven layers and their functions.
Ans. See Answer From Pg. #51-52 (OSI Model)
Q.8: Explain the evolution of the Internet from its origins to the modern-day global network. What major
technological advancements contributed to its growth?
Ans. See Answer From Pg. #52-53 (Evolution of internet and Working of internet)
Q.9: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, considering factors like global connectivity,
information access, privacy concerns, and digital addiction.
Ans. See Answer on Pg. #54 (Advantages of internet and disadvantages of internet)
Q.10: Explore common applications of the Internet and their impact on various aspects of society, including
communication, education, business, entertainment, and research.
Ans. See Answer on Pg. #54 (Common Application of internet)
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 Unit#02 COMPUTATIONAL THINKING AND ALGORITHM
MCQs
Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions
Sr. Statement A B C D
For a problem, we face in real I, II,III I, III, II II,1,III II,III,I
1 world situations. In what
sequence we follow the steps.
I. Make some solution
II. Understand the real word
problem
III. Instruct the computer to
behave accordingly.
2 Following are types of I and II I and III . II and III I and II and
computing problems III
1. Counting problems
II. Search Problems
III. Decision Problem
3 Computational thinking is Programming Thinking Coding Logically
like a solving
computer problems
4 To solve Search problems, we Provide the Provide start Provide the end A, B and C
need to moves states state
5 The eight queens puzzle is the Sorting Searching Counting . Both a and b
problem of
6 Finding the location of the Search Traversal Sort None of
element with a given value is above
7 In IPO Charts, we have Input, Plan, Input, Input, Process, Input,
Output Program, Output proceed,
Output Output
UNIT#02 COMPUTATIONAL THINKING AND ALGORITHM
SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Give short answer to the following short response questions(SRQs)

1. What is the major difference in solving simple and complex problems?

Ans: The major difference in solving simple and complex problems is
Simple Problem Solving Complex Problem Solving
that simple problems use a 4-step process Complex problems use a more detailed 6-step
1. Define, process
2. Design, 1. Define,
3. Implement and 2. Decompose,
4. Evaluate 3. Identify potential plans,
4. Select the best plan,
5. Implement, and
6. Evaluate
The complex problem-solving process involves
breaking down the problem into sub-problems and
considering multiple potential solutions before
selecting the best one.
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 2. Why software designers prefer to use IPO charts?
Ans: Software designers prefer to use IPO charts because
 They visually represent the inputs, processes, and outputs in a clear and organized tabular form,
 It makes it easier to solve problems and understand the flow of data through the system.
 IPO charts are considered a handy tool that software designers use to solve problems.

3. Differentiate between Computational thinking and Logical thinking.

Ans: Differentiate between Computational thinking and Logical thinking.

Logical thinking Computational Thinking
 Logical thinking refers to analyzing a  Computational Thinking: Using computation
particular situation or problem using reason to solve problems requires the ability to think
and accordingly reaching up to one or more in a certain way, which is often referred to as
decisions that are sensible. 'computational thinking".
 The situation analysis requires gathering of
relevant facts and then deciding the best  Computational Thinking includes logical
way based on the reasons. thinking and further breaks down the
problem into parts,
 Logical Thinking involves analyzing and For example:
reasoning based on facts. Decomposition: Identify tasks to confirm this,
For example: like checking the city's administrative structure.
Fact: Islamabad is a city. Abstraction: Focus on relevant details about
Fact: Cities have a mayor. the mayor's role.
Logical Thinking: Determine Islamabad has mayor. Pattern Recognition: Compare with other cities'
Conclusion: Islamabad has a mayor. administrative structures.
Algorithm Design: Create a step-by-step method to
verify the existence and role of a mayor in any city.

4. Write four properties of computational thinking.

Ans: Following are four properties of computational thinking:
1. Decomposition: Breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts.
2. Pattern Recognition: Identifying similarities or patterns among different problems or data sets.
3. Abstraction: Focusing on the important details while ignoring irrelevant information.
4. Algorithm Design: Creating step-by-step instructions or algorithms to solve problems.

5. What are the methods used to design a solution?

Ans: Once you have completely understood the problem, the next stage is to design a solution.
There are two methods that are used to design a solution.
 Flowcharts
 Concept Maps

6. Which Computational thinking technique breaks down the problem into smaller your class?
Ans: In Computational thinking process, Decomposition breaks down the problem into smaller, more manageable
parts. These smaller problems are referred as sub-problems. This way we simplify the problem and solve it
easily.

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 7. Identify 3 computing problems from other subjects that you are studying in your class.
Ans:
1. Decision Problem in Mathematics: Is the number prime?"(YES/NO answer)
2. Search Problem in Physics: Find the object with the highest velocity in the experiment."
(The object with the highest velocity)
3. Counting Problem in Chemistry: "How many elements in the periodic table have atomic numbers greater
than 50?" (The count of such elements)

8. Why do we need to think computationally?

Ans: We need to think computationally because it helps us solve complex problems, develop efficient solutions,
automate tasks, foster innovation, and build skills applicable across different fields.

9. The telephone numbers usually have 9 digits. Out of these 9, the first two digits represents the area code
and are it remained constant within a given area. The last 7 digits represents the number, and it cannot
begin with 0. how many different telephone numbers are possible with a given area code.
Ans:
Given that the first two digits of the 9-digit telephone number represent a constant area code, we only need
to consider the remaining 7 digits
 The first digit of the 7-digit number cannot be 0, so there are 9 possible choices (1-9).
 The remaining 6 digits can each be any digit from 0-9, giving 10 possible choices for each.

Now, to calculate the total number of possible telephone numbers:

 The first digit has 9 possibilities.

 Each of the next 6 digits has 10 possibilities.

Thus, the total number of possible telephone numbers is: 9 x 106

=9 x 1000000 =9000000

So, there are 9,000,000 different possible telephone numbers with a given area code.

10. From city A to city B, there are 4 different roads and from city B to city C there are 2 different roads.
Draw a map of given situation and identify how many possible routes are there that someone can
follow to reach from city A to city C passing by city B?
Ans:
 City A is the starting point.
 City B is the intermediate point.
 City C is the destination.
Given
 There are 4 different roads from City A to City B.
 There are 2 different roads from City B to City C.

Thus, the total number of possible routes is: 4 x2 =8

So there are 8 possible routes from city A to city C passing by city B

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 UNIT#02 COMPUTATIONAL THINKING AND ALGORITHM
LONG QUESTIONS
Give Long answers to the following extended response questions (ERQs).
Q 1. Identify whether the given problems are Decision Problem, Counting Problem or Search Problem. Write
your answer in front of each problem given below:
Statements Answers
a. Does a given binary string have an even number of zeros? Counting Problem: if we
counting the total number of
zeros in string.
Decision Problem: if answer
is given in to the form of Yes
or NO
b. Flipping a coin result in Head or tails. I flip a coin 20 times, Counting Problem: Every
how many different sequences of heads and tails are possible? time of flipping we will count
the head or Tail.
c. Does a certain Java program say "yes" to an empty input? Decision Problem
d. How many ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be Counting Problem:
arranged?
e. N-queens problem: where the goal is to place eight queens Decision Problem
on a chessboard such that no queen attacks any other.

Q2. A student has to take one course of physics, one of science and one of mathematics. He may choose one of 3
physics courses (P1, P2, P3), one of 2 science courses (S1, S2) and one of 2 mathematics courses (M1, M2). In how
many ways can this student select the 3 courses he has to take?
Ans: To solve this problem, we need to determine how many ways the student can select one course from each category
(Physics, Science, and Mathematics). The student has the following choices:

 Physics courses: 3 options (P1, P2, P3)

 Science courses: 2 options (S1, S2)
 Mathematics courses: 2 options (M1, M2)
 Total ways=(Number of physics courses)×(Number of science courses)×(Number of mathematics courses)
Total ways=3×2×2=12
Q 3. Create an IPO chart which will accept the ages of four boys and calculate their total age and average age. The
program must display both the total age and the average age.
Input Process Output
 Ages of four boys  Calculate the total age by adding up all the ages.  Total age
 Calculate the average age by dividing the total age  Average age
by the number of boys (which is 4 in this case)

Q 4. Create an IPO chart of a scenario that allows a user to enter in two numbers. The operation to be
performed is either addition, subtraction, multiplication or division and accordingly the output should be given
to the user.

Input Process Output

 Two numbers  Perform the specified operation based on Result of the operation
 Operation to be the input Addition,
performed(indicating  Addition: Add the two numbers Subtraction,
addition,  Subtraction: Subtract the second number Multiplication,
subtraction, from the first number Division
multiplication, or  Multiplication: Multiply the two numbers.
division)  Division: Divide the first number by the
second number.

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Q 5. The child wants to plan a birthday party for their friend.
a) Draw an IPO chart of this situation.
Input Process Output
 Date of the party  Selecting a date and time for the party.  Successfully
 Budget  Choosing a suitable venue (home, park, restaurant, organized
 Theme preferences etc.) birthday
 Venue options  Creating a guest list and sending out invitations.  Happy
 Guest list.  Planning and organizing birthday
 Food activities/games friend
preferences/allergies  Deciding on decorations, cake, and food menu  Memories
 Activities/games Purchasing or necessary supplies making created
preferences Setting up and managing the party on the day

(b) Write down properties on computation thinking.

Here are some properties of computational thinking applied to arranging a birthday party for a friend.
1. Decomposition:
Dividing the larger effort of organizing a birthday celebration into smaller, more manageable sub-tasks. This
includes identifying and coordinating numerous factors such as venue selection, guest list creation, activity
planning, and so on.
2. Pattern Recognition:
Recognizing patterns or prevalent themes in birthday party planning, such as traditional activities, popular food
options, or common decorations. This can assist shorten the planning process by recognizing previously successful
solutions.
2. Abstraction:
Concentrating on the most important aspects of the party planning process while discarding irrelevant, or
unnecessary information. For example, abstracting away from specific venue alternatives and focusing on the
broad requirements.
3. Algorithm Design:
Creating step-by-step instructions or algorithms for each stage of the party planning process. This entails
taking a systematic approach to chores like as making invites, arranging activities, and putting up decorations..
4. Evaluation:
Assessing and evaluating various choices and conclusions during the planning process. This may include
taking into account money constraints, scheduling constraints, and the preferences of the birthday friend and
other visitors.
5. Generalization:
Using insights and learning from prior party planning experiences to enrich and improve the planning process.
This entails applying previously effective tactics and solutions to new contexts.
6. Debugging:
Identifying and resolving issues that develop throughout the planning process. This may include fixing
scheduling, finance, or logistics concerns to ensure the party plan is carried out successfully.

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 Activity 1
Activity 1:Draw a flowchart in MS Visio that takes input of two numbers A and B and
output TRUE if A is greater than B otherwise it should output FALSE
Flow Chart

Activity 2 & Activity 3

Activity 2:Draw IPO chart and algorithm for the following
Activity 3: Draw flow chart for the following
a. Find the exponent of a given number: exponent or power of a number means how many times to use
the number in a multiplication. In other words, it is the product of a number the multiplied as many
times as the exponent.
Input Process Output
A number and its exponent Multiply the number as many Exponent of given number
i.e N=2 and E= 4 times as its exponent
P=24=2*2*2*2=16
Algorithm
Step 1: Start
Let the number, N be 8 and its exponent, E
be 5 Step 2: Initialize product(P) and K to 1
P=1, K=1
Step 3: FIND the product(P) P=P*N
Step 4: Increment K by 1
K=K+1
Step 5: Check if the value of K is less than or equal to E
IF K≤E THEN GOTO Step 3 otherwise GOTO
Step 6 Step 6: Output P
Step 7: Stop Flow Chart

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b. Print the following sequence of numbers in descending order.
27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0. -3 -6

Input Process Output

Set a variable i to 27 Start from 27 and decrement by Descending order from 27 to

3 until reaching -6 -6

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Initialize variable
K to 27 K=27
Step 2: Output K
Step 3: Decrement K by 3
K=K-3
Step 4: Check if the value of K is greater than or equal to -
6 IF K≥-6 THEN GOTO Step 2 otherwise GOTO
Step 5
Step 5: Stop

Flow Chart:

c. Print odd numbers from 1 to 100.

1 3 5 7 9 11 . . . 99

Input Process Output

This problem has no input only Processing: Initialize a variable to Printing odd numbers from 1
initialization value is 1 1 and keep printing it with an to 100
increment of 2 till 99

Algorithm: Step 1: Start

Initialize variable K to 1 K=1
Step 2: Output K
Step 3: Increment K by 2
K=K+2
Step 4: Check if the value of K is less than 100
IF K<100 THEN GOTO Step 2 otherwise GOTO Step 5
Step 5: Stop
14 | P a g e Developed By Miss Sidrah Umer
 Flow Chart:

d. Find the sum of even numbers up to 100.

SUM = 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + . . . + 100

Input Process Output

This problem has no input only Add all the even numbers Sum of even numbers up to
initialization value is 2. from 2 to 100 100

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Initialize SUM to 0 and K to 2
SUM=0, K=2
Step 2: ADD K to SUM
SUM=SUM+K
Step 3: Increment K by 2
K=K+2
Step 4: Check if the value of K is less than or equal to 100
IF K≤100 THEN GOTO Step 2 otherwise GOTO Step 5
Step 5: Output SUM
Step 6: Stop
Flow Chart:

e. Print a multiplication table of a given number.

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 Input Process Output
Input Number whose table Processing: Initialize a variable to 1 and print its Printing table of
is required product with the given number. Increment the variable given number
by 1 and print the product. Continue the process till
printing the product of 12 and the given number
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Let the number, N be 7
Step 2: Initialize K to 1K=1
Step 3: FIND the product
P=N*K
Step 4: Output N, K, P Step 5:
Increment K by 1
K=K+1
Step 6: Check the value of K
IF K≤12 THEN GOTO Step 3 otherwise GOTO
Step 7 Step 7: Stop
Flow Chart:

UNIT#03 PROGRAMMING FUDAMENTALS

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 MCQs

Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions
Sr. Statement A B C D
1 Everything in HTML is Brackets Title Tags Image
identified on the basis
of____.
2 The output of HTML code is Notepad File Browser Spreadsheet
visible in______.
3 Name of a web page can be Body Title Head Footer
given using_______ tag.
4 Main parts of a document are Head Title Body Line break
arranged in______ tag.
5 The heading tag-pair for 5th <h5 .. h5> <h5 ../h5> h5>..</h5 <h5>..</h5>
level heading is_______.
6 Span is used to provide_____ Font Style Border Colour1)
a line.
7 First row of table in HTML is Title row Header row Top row Upper row
called________.
8 P tag-pair is used for_______. Print Page align Page break Paragraph
9 A variable cannot start with Alphabet Number Character String
a__________
10 The first value assigned to a Beginning Starting Initialization Substitution
variable after declaration is value value
called________.
UNIT# 03 PROGRAMMING FUDAMENTALS
SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Give short answer to the following short response questions(SRQs)
Q1.Contrast between website and web application.
Ans: Web page: A document which exists and is accessible through internet is a webpage.
Website: A set of webpages is termed as Website.
Web Application: A computer program which offers a service or executes tasks via a browser and internet
connection, remotely accessing a serving, is called web application.

Q.2: What is 'href' refers to and how to use it?

Ans: href: href is the short form of hyperlink reference.
The href property specifies the URL of the linked page
Without the href attribute, the tag does not function as a hyperlink.
How to use it:
It is commonly used in anchor (<a>) tags.
Examples:
Link to another webpage:
<a href="https://www.fbise.edu.pk">Click here to visit Federal Board Website</a>
Here href="https://www.fbise.edu.pk specifies the destination URL of the link.

Link to a section on the same page:

<a href="#section1">Go to Section 1</a>
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 Here href="#section1” specifies the section of the page where we want to go.
Link to download a file:
<a href=" file.pdf ">Download PDF</a>
Here href="file.pdf" specifies the name of the file that we want to download.
Q.3: Enlist the optional parameters to open a webpage.
Ans. Here are the optional parameters you can use with the <a> tag in HTML to control how a webpage opens:
1. target: Specifies where to open the link.
 _blank: New tab/window
 _self: Same tab (default)
 _parent: Parent frame
 _top: Full window
2. rel: Defines the relationship with the linked page.
 noopener, noreferrer, nofollow
3. download: Triggers file download.
 Optional: You can specify a filename.
4. type: Specifies the MIME type of the linked resource.
5. hreflang: Specifies the language of the linked resource.
6. ping: Specifies URLs to ping for tracking when the link is followed.
7. media: Specifies media conditions (e.g., screen size) for the link activation.
Q.4 : List out the frequent tags used in text of a webpage and what are they used for?
Ans: Here’s a short list of frequently used HTML tags for text content:
1. <p>: Defines a paragraph of text.
2. <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc.: Headings of different levels.
3. <strong>: Bold text, indicating importance.
4. <em>: Italic text, for emphasis.
5. <a>: Creates a hyperlink.
6. <ul>: Unordered (bulleted) list.
7. <ol>: Ordered (numbered) list.
8. <li>: List item.
9. <blockquote>: Block of quoted text.
10. <code>: Code or programming snippet.
11. <div> Define a division or a section in a document for styling
purposes.
12. <span>: Inline container for styling.
13. <br>: Line break.
14. <hr>: Horizontal rule (line separator).
15. <b>: Bold text (non-semantic).
16. <i>: Italic text (non-semantic).
17. <sup>: Superscript text.
18. <sub>: Subscript text.
19. <small>: Smaller text.
20. <mark>: Highlighted text.
21. <abbr>: Abbreviation with optional title.

These tags help structure, style, and semantically define content on webpage.

Q.5: Explain the role of <body> tag-pair in a document.

Ans: The tag specifies the document's body.

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  It comes after the <head> tag, which holds metadata.
 Everything inside the <body> tag is displayed on the webpage.
 It defines the main structure of the webpage that users interact with.
 The <body> tag in an HTML document contains all the document's content visible
to users, such as text, images, and links., including headings, paragraphs, graphics,
hyperlinks, tables, and lists. An HTML page can only have one element.

Q.6: How the event based code is used in JavaScript?

Ans: Event: In programming anything that can be sensed or triggers some task to be done is called event.
 Event-based programming in JavaScript focuses on responding to user interactions or system
events such as clicks, keypresses, page loads, and so on.
How it's used:
1. Event Handlers (Event Listener): A function (event handler) is executed when the event occurs.
The event listener listens for the event and reacts accordingly.
 JavaScript lets you connect event handlers to HTML elements.
 Typically, this is accomplished by the use of characteristics such as onclick, onmouseover,
2. Event Object: When the event occurs, an event object is created, which contains details about the
event (such as which element triggered it, the type of event, etc.).

Q.7: Infer about the External CSS? Where are External CSS generally used?
Ans: External CSS is CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) that are stored in external files and linked to HTML texts.
 External CSS refers to a stylesheet that is saved in a separate file and linked to an HTML document.
 It is typically placed inside the <head> section of the HTML document
 This allows the CSS to be reused across multiple pages, helping to maintain a consistent look and feel
throughout a website.
 These files usually have a.css extension. i.e mystylest.css
 External CSS is a fundamental notion in web development that is commonly used to style web pages.
 For example <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyles.css">
UNIT#3: UNIT#03 PROGRAMMING FUDAMENTALS
Long Questions (Exercise)
Give Long answers to the following extended response questions (ERQs).
Q1. What is Document Object Model? Explain with the help of an examples)
Ans. See Answer on Page #92 (HTML Document Object Model)
Q2.Write code to differentiate between different types of headings in HTML
Ans.<html> Difference :
<head> <title>Sample HTML Document</title> There are six heading tags.
</head>  <h1> <h1> is the largest heading
<body>
<h1>This Heading of Size h1</h1>
 <h6> <h6> the smallest heading.
<h2> This Heading of Size h2</h2>  <h1> has the largest font size and<h2> is slightly
<h3> This Heading of Size h3</h3> smaller than <h1>, and so on, down to <h6>
<h4> This Heading of Size h4</h4> which has the smallest font size by default.
<h5> This Heading of Size h6</h5>  All heading tags are bold by default (though this
<h6> This Heading of Size h5</h6> can be modified with CSS).
</body>
</html>
Q3.Elaborate steps and provide code to load a background image in a webpage.
Ans. Steps to Add a Background Image:
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  Make sure you have the image you want to use for the background in an accessible location or you can
either use an image hosted online (via a URL).
 Let Our image name in image.jpg
 Using Body Tag element
 Write this in your code in body tag
<body background=”image.jpg”>
Q4. With the help of sample code, highlight different methods to incorporate CSS code in a HTML webpage.
Ans. There are three ways/methods to incorporate CSS code on HTML page.
1. Inline CSS
Any CSS attribute that we want to incorporate can be added using a HTML tag (like the ones, we have
covered in the last section) and incorporated in the body section.
Example Code
1. <p style="color:red; font-size:40px;
2. font-style:italic; text-align:center;">
3. My Teaching Academy
4. </p>
2. Embedded (Internal)CSS
Instead of assigning styles for every heading and other component at the time of its first occurrence in the
code, a better approach is to outline all the styles in the header under the tag-pair of 'style' as shown in fig-13. This
way, all the presentation related CSS code is separated and do not indulge with the already written HTML code.
Additionally, change in one line in the CSS section will be reflected throughout the respective components.
Example Code
1. <head>
2. <title>Main Page</title>
3. <center>
4. <img src="mat-logo.jpg" alt="matlogo.jpg">
5. </center>
6. <style>
7. <body color olive: }
8. h2 { color: red; font-size:30px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; }
9. </style>
10. </head>
3. External CSS
Alternatively, a file with extension'.css' can be made and all relevant CSS code according to your schema can be
present there. Once, the contents of HTML are finalized, jus attach the CSS file in the head portion of HTML by
passing the link. External CSS are used with large projects, like in commercial purposes.
<link rel="mystylesheet" href="my_own_SS.css" />
(You can also See answer from Page 99-100 Topic: Cascading Style Sheet(CSS))

Q5.Sketch steps and provide code to apply border and color to a table in a webpage.
Ans. Adding Border and color to a table
 To add border and color to table we initially need <style>
to state the 'style' tag-pair just before the start of table, th, td {
table and later inside the block, we need to set border: 1px solid black;
Border and background color of the table background-color: aqua;
 In this example we are defining border for table }
1px solid black and background color in aqua </style>
Q6.Discuss the functionality JavaScript can provide in a webpage with the help of a suitable example code.
Ans. Adding Functionality JavaScript
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  Javascript code can be embedded in HTML with starting and ending tag of <script>, in webpage.
 There is no limitation of where to place the code inside a HTML file.
 For example, the following Javascript code embedded in the body, displays a sentence (string) using
'document.write()' function.
 Example code
1. <html>
2. <body>
3. <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
4. document.write ("Let's Meet Javascript!")
5. </script>
6. </body>
7. </html>
(You can also See answer on Page 107 Let’s Meet JavaScript)
Q7.Articulate steps and write code to create a scrolling text on a webpage.
Ans. Steps to Create Scrolling Text with <marquee> tag
 Use the <marquee> tag directly in the HTML file.
 Add the text inside the <marquee> tag.
Example code
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html lang="en">
3. <head>
4. <meta charset="UTF-8">
5. <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6. <title>Scrolling Text</title>
7. </head>
8. <body>
9. <marquee>This is scrolling text! You can add any message you like here.</marquee>
10. </body>
11. </html>
Q8.Enlist steps to add a video clip in a website which starts playing as the web page loads.
Ans.
 Make sure you have the video that you want to add to your page.
 To add video clip we will use <video> tag where we will define the video clip size and will add autoplay
functionality instead of controls.
 Here the is this code
1. <IDOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <body style="text-align: center">
4. <h2 style="color: green">Pakistan </h2>
5. <video width="500px" height="500px" autoplay muted>
6. <source src="abc.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
7. </video>
8. </body>
9. </html
(You can also See answer from Page 105- 106 Adding a video Clip in Website)

Q9.Cite steps on compiling the result of your last examination in a tabular form and display it in a webpage.
Ans. Steps:
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 1. Prepare the Data: Organize your exam results in a structured format. For example, subject names, scores,
grades, etc.
2. Create an HTML Table: Use the <table> tag in HTML to structure the data.
 Use <thead> for the table header row.
 Use <tbody> for the table body rows.
 Use <tr> for each row and <td> for each cell.
3. Style the Table (Optional): Add CSS to make the table more visually appealing.
Required Code:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html lang="en">
3. <head>
4. <meta charset="UTF-8">
5. <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
6. <title>Examination Results</title>
7. <style>
8. table {
9. width: 50%;
10. margin: 20px auto;
11. border-collapse: collapse;
12. text-align: left;
13. font-family: Arial, sans-serif; }
14. th, td {
15. padding: 10px;
16. border: 1px solid #ccc; }
17. th {
18. background-color: #f4f4f4; }
19. tr:nth-child(even) {
20. background-color: #f9f9f9; }
21. caption {
22. font-size: 1.5em;
23. margin-bottom: 10px; }
24. </style> </head>
25. <body>
26. <table>
27. <caption>Examination Results</caption>
28. <thead>
29. <tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Score</th> <th>Grade</th> </tr>
30. </thead>
31. <tbody>
32. <tr> <td>Mathematics</td> <td>95</td> <td>A</td> </tr>
33. <tr> <td>Science</td> <td>89</td> <td>B+</td> </tr>
34. <tr> <td>History</td> <td>76</td> <td>C</td> </tr>
35. <tr> <td>English</td> <td>85</td> <td>B</td> </tr>
36. <tr> <td>Computer Science</td> <td>92</td> <td>A</td> </tr>
37. </tbody>
38. </table>
39. </body> </html>
Q10.In context of Fig. 40(d), add another button namely 'Revert' which when is pressed, it will reverse both the
color and index values.
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Ans. Required Code:
1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <body>
4. <script type="text/javascript">
5. var index;
6. document.write("For-Loop Starts After This ... <br />");
7. for(index = 0; index < 10; index = index + 1){
8. document.write("Index No.: ", index, "<br />");
9. }
10. document.write("For-Loop Stopped!<br />");
11. function descOrder() {
12. document.body.style.backgroundColor = "lightblue";
13. document.write("Descending Order:<br />");
14. for(index = 10; index > 0; index = index - 1){
15. document.write("Index No.: ", index, "<br />");
16. }
17. }
18. function revertOrder() {
19. // Reverse the color
20. if (document.body.style.backgroundColor === "lightblue") {
21. document.body.style.backgroundColor = "white";
22. } else {
23. document.body.style.backgroundColor = "lightblue";
24. }

25. // Reverse the index values and display

26. document.write("Reverted Order:<br />");
27. for(index = 0; index < 10; index = index + 1){
28. document.write("Index No.: ", index, "<br />"); }
29. }
30. </script>
31. <p id="dynamicContent">Click a button to change the output.</p>
32. <button onclick="descOrder()">Descending Order</button>
33. <button onclick="revertOrder()">Revert</button>
34. </body>
35. </html>

UNIT#04 DATA ANALYSIS

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 MCQs
Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions
Sr. Statement A B C D
___________is a structured Data base Dataset Data and Information
1 or processed collection of Information
data usually associated with a
unique body of work.
2 ________refers to the process Data Data Dataset Database
of carefully examining and Analytics Predictions
studying data to identify
patterns, draw conclusions, or
make the data meaningful.
3 ___________is the graphical Data Missing Data Data Hiding
representation of data through Cleaning Values Visualization
use of common charts, plots,
infographics and animations
4 ______is subset of machine Data Computer Deep Learning Big Data
learning, with emphasis on Visualization Vision
the simulation or imitation of
human brain's behavior by
using artificial neural
network.
5 _________is the use of data Statistical Predictive Graphical Deep
to predict future trends and Analysis Analysis Analysis Learning
events based on historical
data.
6 _______is the fast rate at Volume Variety Velocity Vision
which data is received and
acted on.
7 ________includes the data Discrete Continuous Ordinal Data Referral
which can only take certain Data Data Data
values and cannot be further
subdivided into smaller units.
8 ________is limitation of big Statistical Unlimited Data Predictive
data. Data growth of data Visualization Maintenance

9 Customer satisfaction level Ordinal data Continuous Numerical data Discrete

such as satisfied, dissatisfied, Data Data
and neutral are examples
of_______ data type.
10 ______is the method of Survey Data Hiding Data Data finding
collecting information from Visualization
individuals.

UNIT#04 DATA ANALYSIS

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 SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Give short answer to the following short response questions(SRQs)
Q.1 Define data analytics and data science. Are they similar or different? Give reason.
Data Analytics Data Science.
 Data Analytics refers to the process of  Data Science refers to an interdisciplinary
carefully examining and studying data to filed of multiple disciplines that uses
identify patterns, draw conclusions, or make mathematics, statistics, data analysis and
the data meaningful. machine learning to analyze data and to
 It's like solving puzzle or retrieving meaningful extract knowledge and insight from it.
results from the given or collected data.
Data Analytics and Data Science are related fields or Similar but they are not the same.
Similarities Reasons:
 Both focus on extracting insights from data.
 Use similar tools (e.g., Python, SQL, R).
 Aim to inform decision-making.
Differences Reasons:
Data Analytics: Data Science:
1. It analyzes past data for insights, often using 1. It involves advanced techniques like machine
descriptive and diagnostic methods. learning and predictive modeling, with a focus
on future outcomes and automation.
2. e.g., "What happened?" and "Why did it happen? 2. e.g., "What will happen?" and "How can we make
3. Uses basic statistical methods, data visualization, it happen?"
and reporting techniques 3. Uses advanced techniques such
 Machine Learning,
 Artificial intelligence (AI),
 Natural Language Processing (NLP), and
 Big data
technologies to work with both structured and
unstructured data.

Q.2 Can you relate how data science is helpful in solving business problems?
Ans. Data science can be applied to various industries to improve decision-making and efficiency. Here’s how:
1. Industry: Helps make data-driven decisions by analyzing past data and predicting future trends.
Improves marketing and quality control.
2. Consumer Goods: Optimizes inventory based on demand forecasting for specific products in different
communities or demographics.
3. Logistics: Optimizes routes, forecasts demand, tracks shipments in real-time, balances loads, selects
carriers, reduces costs, and improves global trade.
4. Stock Markets: Used in algorithmic trading, market sentiment analysis, volatility predictions, risk
management, and trading strategies based on machine learning.
5. E-commerce: Improves recommendation systems, customer segmentation, fraud detection, shopping cart
analysis, supply chain management, and sentiment analysis.
In short, data science helps businesses make better decisions, improve processes, and predict future trends.
Note: (You can also learn answer from Page 128 Topic: Business problems and data Science)

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Q.3 Database is useful in the field of data science. Defend this statement.
Ans. Before the advent of database systems, computer scientists relied on file management systems to store
and manage data. However, without a structured method of storing data, it would be of little use. This is why
databases were introduced to manage and store large amounts of data.
Note: (You can also learn answer from Page 130 Topic: Role of database in data Science
Q.4 Compare machine learning and deep learning, in the context of format and informal education.

Ans: Machine Learning Deep Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence Deep learning is the subset of machine learning, with
and computer science which emphasis on the use of emphasis on the simulation or imitation of human
data and algorithms to imitate human learning by the brain's behavior by using artificial neural networks.
computers
Note: (You can also learn answer from Page 130 Topic: Role of database in data Science)

Q.5 What is meant by sources of data? Give three sources of data excluding those mentioned in the book.
Ans. The resources/method or ways from which data is collected is called sources of data. To analyze data for
predictive analysis and decision making, the initial step is data collection through various reliable sources.
Data can be divided into two categories,
6. Primary data,
7. Secondary data.
Primary Sources of data: Primary is collected directly from original, firsthand source.
Here are the names of primary sources of data:
1. Surveys and Questionnaires
2. Interviews
3. Experiments
4. Observations
5. Focus Groups
6. Sensors
7. IOT Devices
8. Biometric devices
Secondary Sources of data: Secondary data is collected from some previously recorded from primary data
collected by someone else for some purpose.
Here are the names of secondary sources of data:
1. Published sources
2. Online database
3. Government and institutional records
4. Surveys and Questionnaires conducted in the past
5. Social Media data/ Posts
6. Publically Available data
7. Past research studies
8. Books
9. Journals
10. Reports
11. Articles
12. Databases
Q.6 Differentiate between database and dataset.
Ans. A dataset is a structured or organized collection of data, which is usually associated with a unique body of
work. However, a database is an organized collection of data stored in multiple datasets or tables.

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Q.7 Argue about the trends, outliers, and distribution of values in a data set? Describe.
Ans. Trends:
1. Trends
 Trends show the general direction of data over time or categories, helping predict future
patterns.
 Trends in a dataset refer to the overall direction in which data points move over time or across a
different dimension.
 Identifying trends is critical for understanding underlying patterns and making sound
judgments. Outliers:
2. Outliers:
 Outliers are unusual values that differ significantly from the rest, which can indicate errors or
special cases and may skew analysis.
 Outliers are data points that are notably different from the remainder of the dataset These can
occur as a result of measurement errors, experimental variability.
2. Distribution the values
 Distribution reveals how data is spread across values, helping determine the right analysis
methods and whether the data follows a common pattern like a normal distribution or is
skewed.
 Understanding these aspects is essential for making accurate insights and decisions.
 The distribution of values in a dataset describes how the data is scattered or dispersed among
various values intervals.

Q.8 Why are summary statistics needed!
Ans. The summary statistics provide a quick overview of characteristics of data. It leads towards a better
understanding of data cleaning, data preprocessing, feature selection and data visualization.
Note: (You can also learn answer from Page 133 Topic: Summary Statistics)

Q.9 Express big data in your own words Explain three V's of big data with reference
to email data. (Hint.: An email box that contains hundreds of emails)
Ans. Big data is defined as extraordinarily massive, voluminous and complicated datasets that are difficult to
manage, process, and analyze using conventional data processing approaches. These datasets often have three
key features, volume, velocity, and variety. also known as the three V's of big data:
Three V's of big data with reference to email data
There are three Vs of big data are:
Volume
It refers to the amount of data. Big data deals with huge volumes of low-density unstructured data. The
size/ volume of data may vary from system to system.
Velocity
It refers to the speed of data. Velocity is the fast rate at which data is received. Normally, the highest
velocity of data streams directly into memory rather than being written to disk.
Variety
It refers to the various formats and types of data that are available. Traditional data types were
structured and fit neatly in a relational database.
Note: (You can also learn answer from Page 133 and 134 Topic: Big Data)

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Q.10 Illustrate the purpose of data storage?
Ans. After data collection, effective storage of data is an essential step for managing and analyzing the large
volumes of data.
 Data storage keeps information organized, safe, and easy to access for analysis.
 It helps handle growing amounts of data and ensures the data is accurate for making good decisions.
Some common data storage methods are as follows:
 Relational/NoSQL databases
 Data warehouse
 Distributed file systems
 Cloud based data storage iv)
 Blockchain
UNIT#04 DATA ANALYSIS
LONG QUESTIONS (EXERCISE)
Give Long answers to the following extended response questions (ERQs).
Q1: Sketch the key concepts of data science in your own words.
Ans. See Answer From Page #126-127(Concept of Data Science)
Q2: Develop your own thinking on the various data types used in data science.
Ans. See Answer on Page #129(Data Types in Data Science)
Q3: Compare how big data is applicable to various fields of life. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
Ans. See Answer From Page #135-136(Application of big data in business)
Q4: Relate the advantages and challenges of big data?
Ans. See Answer From Page #134 ( Advantages of Big data)& Page# 135 (Big data Challenges)
Q5: Design a case study about how data science and big data has revolutionized the field of healthcare.
Ans .The integration of data science and big data in healthcare has transformed patient care, operational efficiency,
and medical research. By leveraging advanced analytics and machine learning, healthcare providers can extract
actionable insights from vast datasets, leading to better outcomes.
Key Applications
1. Predictive Analytics: Hospitals use predictive models to anticipate patient admissions and optimize
resource allocation. For example, Mount Sinai Hospital uses AI to predict disease progression and improve
preventive care.
2. Personalized Medicine: Genomic data analysis enables tailored treatments for patients. The Cancer
Genome Atlas Project has facilitated breakthroughs in personalized cancer therapies.
3. Early Disease Detection: Big data tools analyze electronic health records (EHRs) to identify patterns,
allowing early detection of diseases like diabetes and heart conditions.
4. Operational Efficiency: Predictive algorithms optimize staffing, reduce wait times, and cut costs. For
instance, Kaiser Permanente streamlined operations by analyzing patient flow data.
5. Drug Discovery: Companies like Pfizer leverage machine learning to shorten drug development cycles and
identify potential compounds more efficiently.
Impact
Big data has reduced healthcare costs, improved diagnostic accuracy, and empowered patients with personalized
care. Its continued evolution promises a future of precision healthcare, accessible and effective for all.

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 UNIT#05 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER
MCQs
Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions
Sr. Statement A B C D
The process of taking known Natural Expert Supervised Unsupervis
1 data set as input to train the Language System Machine ed Machine
algorithm to create a model Processing Learning Learning
for prediction is known as:
2 The Al technology that Image Speech Scanner Computer
enables computer systems to Recognition Recognition Vision
obtain meaningful
information from digital
images videos is called:
3 Instant answers to website Robot Chatbot Cloud Expert
visitors questions through Computing. System
text or voice interaction are
provided by:
4 Cloud computing model in Private Cloud Public cloud Hybrid Remote
which resources are owned Cloud Cloud
by and used inside a single
organization is called;
5 The Al tool used for ChatGPT Lovo ai Grammarly Virtual
correcting spelling and Assistant
grammar mistakes is:
6 Virtual assistant that belong Siri Alexa Google Cortana
to Apple Inc. 15: Assistant
7 The AI tool that converts text ChatGPT Grammarly Alexa Lovo ai
to speech is:
8 The technology used in self- Natural Chatbot Computer Virtual
driving cars is called: Language Vision Assistant
Processing
9 The technology concerned Virtual Natural Language Virtual
with training the computer to Assistant Language Analysis Assistant
understand spoken and Processing
written words and to take
action is known as:
10 The technology concerned Computer Computer Robotics Virtual
with performing specific Vision Intelligence Technology
tasks with little or no human
intervention using computer
controlled machine is called:
UNIT#05 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER
SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Give short answer to the following short response questions(SRQs)
Q.1 Briefly describe the positive impact of Al in our daily life.
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Ans. AI helps is solving many complex problems that depended on human intelligence in the past.
Following are some important benefits of using Al systems.
 AI systems enhance decision-making, solve complex problems, and boost productivity.
 AI in hospitals enables early disease diagnosis and treatment, like cancer.
 AI improves product design, quality, and safety in production.
 AI aids travel by suggesting optimal routes and real-time traffic updates.
 AI-driven decision-making improves marketing, sales, and customer satisfaction.
 AI enhances learning software and introduces new teaching methods.
 AI assistants (e.g., Siri, Alexa) recommend products based on browsing habits.
 AI strengthens cyber security and protects against cyber-attacks.
 AI fosters innovation in intelligent software development.
Note:(You can also learn answer from Page 145 Topic: Usage of AI for Benefiting People)
Q.2 Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised machine learning.
Supervised Machine learning. Unsupervised Machine Learning.
Supervised learning algorithms take a set of known In unsupervised learning, the training data is unseen
input data and known output responses to build a model and it is un labelled. The meaning of un labelled is that
to make predictions. In supervised learning the goal is to the data is not assigned a category or group.
learn how to do the mapping to match the input to the
output.
Note:(You can also learn answer from Page 143 and 144 Topic: Supervised Machine Learning and
Unsupervised machine Learning)
Q.3 Describe how computer visions applications help in automation of tasks.
Ans.
 A large amount of data (images is fed into the computer.
 Computer vision application repeatedly performed data analysis until it recognize and distinguish images after
gaining deep understanding of data computer system carries out automated action give ability to computer to see
just like it gives ability to think.
 Computer vision is the field of AI that enables computer to obtain meaningful information from digital
images and videos.
 Al computer vision gives ability to computer to see just like it gives ability to think.
 Computer vision applications are used in various fields. These include healthcare, security and
surveillance, facial recognition, self-driving car, parking occupation detection, traffic flow analysis,
manufacturing, construction, etc.
Note:(You can also learn answer from Page 144 Topic: Computer Vision)
Q.4 Compare the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) with computer languages for interaction with
computer.
NLP (Natural Language Processing) Computer(Programming) Languages:
How it works: NLP lets people talk or type in How it works: Programming languages require strict
everyday language (like English) to interact with rules and commands that computers can understand,
computers. but they’re not easy for humans to use without
 NLP is commonly used for user-facing training.
applications and communication.  Computer languages are employed for
software development and system-level
 Example: Voice assistants like Siri, Alexa, or tasks.
chatbots, where you speak or type normally,  Example: Writing code in languages like
and the system understands and responds. Python or JavaScript to build websites or apps,
which requires learning specific syntax and
structure.
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Q.5 What is robot? Mention four areas where robots can replace humans that are not mentioned in this
unit.
Ans.
 Robot is concerned with computer controlled machine that can performed specific task with little or no
human actions.
 A robot is a machine that contains censors, cameras, microphone, control systems, etc. Designing of
robot combines mechanical, electrical and structural engineering, mathematics, physics, etc
 Areas where robots can replace humans
Some areas where robots are used include
1. Manufacturing industry
2. Transporting goods in warehouses
3. Packaging medicine
4. Working in extreme temperature
5. Handling hazardous material in high risk environment
Note:(You can also learn answer from Page 151 Topic: Robotics)
Q.6 Is the used of Grammarly Al tool a perfect replacement of manual proofreading?
Ans. It is not a perfect tool as it has some inaccuracy issues. It does not catch every mistake and some
suggestions it gives may not be correct. Since it is not 100% accurate, it is not a replacement of manual
proofreading.
UNIT#05 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER
LONG QUESTIONS (EXERCISE)
Give Long answers to the following extended response questions (ERQs).

Q.1 Relate how Al can be beneficial in education and business. 153 155
Ans. See Answer From Page #153-154(Education) & on Page #155 (Business)
Q.2 Articulate how Al-based technology can improve healthcare professionals and assist farmers increase crop
production.
Ans. See Answer From Page #151-152(Healthcare ) & Page #153-154 (Agriculture)
Q.3 Categorize the benefits of cloud computing? Contrast between public and private clouds.
Ans. See Answer From Page #156-157(Cloud Computing )
Q.4 Compare between traditional algorithms and Al-based algorithms that use machine learning. Criticize Al-
based algorithms for producing wrong results, at times.
Ans.
Q.5 Interpret the ethical issues in using the following Al tools:
Ans.
a) ChatGPT See Answer on Page# 146 (ChatGPT)
b) Lovo Al See Answer on Page# 146 (Lovo ai)
c) Virtual Assistants See Answer on Page# 147 (Virtual Assistant)

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 UNIT#06
IMPACT OF COMPUTING MCQs
Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions
Sr. Statement A B C D
What does responsible use Using outdated Treating computer Ignoring software Sharing passwords
1 of hardware entail? software equipment with care updates with friends
respect and respect
2 Which of the following is Downloading Regularly updating Sharing software Disabling antivirus
an example of appropriate and using software to the licenses with software for faster
use of software? cracked latest version multiple users performance
software
3 Safe use of digital Sharing Using strong, Downloading Accepting friend
platforms includes personal unique passwords files from requests from
formation for each online unknown sources strangers
with anyone account without scanning without
online for malware verifying their
identify
4 Which of the following is an using licensed Respecting software Modifying software Updating software
example of inappropriate- software for copyrights and code without regularly to
software use? personal licenses permission from improve its
projects the developer performance

5 Which of the following is a Promoting social Facilitating Fostering offline Enhancing

potential harmful effect of awareness and cyberbullying and community critical thinking
social networking? activism harassment engagement skills
6 How can fake news be It encourages It can manipulate It fosters trust in It has no impact
harmful in the context of fact-checking public opinion and credible news on society
computing innovations? and critical spread sources
thinking` misinformation
7 In what way can By decreasing By limiting customer By providing a By increasing
social networking the reach engagement and platform for operational costs
platforms positively and feedback marketing, customer and inefficiencies
impact businesses and visibility of engagement and
entrepreneurs? business networking
8 What is one potential Enhanced Improved offline Increased Reduced exposure
beneficial effect of social personal communication connectivity to diverse
networking platforms? privacy skills networking viewpoints
opportunities
9 What is an ethical Increased Enhanced Privacy Improved
concern related to accessibility to cybersecurity breaches and healthcare
computing? information measures data misuse through
telemedicine
10 What is a cultural Preservation of Homogenization Elimination of Reduced
impact of computing? traditional of global culture the need for cultural
cultural practices with a single cultural diversity and
and customs dominant preservation innovation.
culture efforts

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11 How does computing It increases It has no impact It automates tasks, It primarily
contribute to manual on job markets leading to job benefits large
economic practices? labor jobs displacement but corporations,
also creating new businesses.
job opportunities neglecting small
12 Which of the following is Reduced Increased medical Improved Lower
a personal benefit of information errors telemedicine and healthcare
computing in healthcare? access to healthcare costs
medical accessibility

UNIT#06 IMPACT OF COMPUTING

SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS
Give short answer to the following short response questions(SRQs)
Q.1: Illustrate the responsible use of computer hardware by an individual.
Ans: Responsible Hardware Use:
1. Extended Lifespan of Hardware
 Care for devices to prevent damage and dirt.
 Regular software updates and security patches to extend life.
2. Data Security and Privacy
 Use encryption, strong passwords, and two-factor authentication.
 Regular updates to software/firmware to fix security flaws and prevent hacks.
3. Sensible Upgrades
 Upgrade only when necessary for performance or security.
 Avoid upgrading just for new versions to reduce waste.
4. Safe Hardware Use
 Follow manufacturer guidelines to prevent accidents.
 Use hardware only for its intended purpose, especially in industrial settings.
5. Ethics in Hardware Use
 Respect intellectual property rights and avoid illegal activities.
 Use authorized software and hardware only.
 Be respectful of others’ privacy and property when using their devices.
Q.2: What does appropriate software use entail?
Ans: Responsible Software Use:
1. Observing the Law
 Follow copyright, intellectual property laws, and software licenses.
 Avoid violating any legal software usage terms.
2. Ethical Use
 Do not use software for unethical purposes like hacking, malware, or cyberbullying.
 Use software only for its intended purpose and avoid harm.
3. Privacy and Data Protection
 Be mindful of personal information shared and how it's used.
 Set up privacy settings properly and respect others' privacy.
4. Intellectual Property
 Respect patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
 Acknowledge creators of open-source software.
5. Proper Licensing
 Understand and comply with software licensing terms (open-source, commercial).

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 6. User Education
 Educate yourself and others on responsible software use, digital literacy, and cybersecurity best
practices.
 Report any unauthorized software use to authorities or service providers.
Q.3: How do you stay safe while conducting data searches online?
Ans: Safe Use of Data Searches:
1. Use Trusted Platforms
 Stick to well-known search engines (e.g., Google, Bing) and trusted data repositories (e.g.,
government websites, academic databases).
2. Avoid Sharing Personal Information
 Do not share sensitive personal details during searches. Most searches don’t require it.
3. Be Cautious with Sensitive Data
 Never enter sensitive information (e.g., Social Security numbers, credit card details) into search
engines.
4. Use Secure Websites
 If you need to search for sensitive information, use official and secure websites.
from infection, enable security measures such as HTTPS and keep your antivirus software up to date.
Q.4: Extract and enlist some key aspects of responsible social networking.
Ans: Safe Use of Social Networking:
1. Protect Personal Information
 Only share information you're comfortable with others seeing.
2. Be Cautious with Sensitive Data
 Avoid sharing financial, medical, or home address details.
3. Use Platforms Responsibly
 Prioritize privacy and security when interacting on social media.

Q.5: Sketch the positive impacts of social networking in today's society.

Ans: Social networking involves using online platforms and websites to connect with others.
 Facilitates building relationships, sharing information, and engaging in communication and interaction.
 Enables the sharing of ideas, interests, and personal updates among users.
 Has become an integral part of daily life for both personal and professional use.
Q.6: Relate fake news affecting our understanding of current events.
Ans: Social Networking and Fake News: Key Points
1. Spread of Fake News
 Social media platforms contribute to the rapid spread of false or misleading information.
2. Ease of Sharing
 Users can quickly share information, increasing the potential for fake news to reach a wide
audience.
3. Lack of Verification
 Many platforms lack proper mechanisms to verify the accuracy of shared information.
4. Fact-Checking Programs
 Some platforms have fact-checking, but they are not foolproof and may miss some instances of fake
news.
Q.7: Summarize some of the adverse effects of social Networking.
Ans: Adverse/Harmful Effects of Social Networking:
1. Addiction: Excessive use of social media can lead to addiction, negatively affecting mental health and
well-being.

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 2. Cyberbullying: Social platforms can enable harassment, threats, and humiliation online, causing severe
psychological consequences for victims.
3. Privacy Issues: Social networks often collect vast amounts of personal data without full user awareness or
consent, leading to potential misuse or exposure in security breaches.
4. Misinformation: Social media can spread false information rapidly, contributing to the dissemination of
conspiracy theories and misinformation, which can have real-world consequences.
Q.8: Interpret the dangers associated with the spread of fake news online.
Ans:
 Misinformation: Fake news spreads false or misleading information, leading to confusion and
misunderstanding.
 Public Panic: False reports can create unnecessary panic, fear, or chaos, especially in sensitive situations
like health crises or emergencies.
 Erosion of Trust: The spread of fake news can undermine trust in media, institutions, and even
individuals, leading to skepticism about reliable sources.
 Polarization: Fake news can deepen social and political divides, reinforcing biases and fostering conflict
between groups.
 Manipulation: Fake news can be used to manipulate public opinion, sway elections, or promote harmful
agendas.
 Damage to Reputation: False claims can harm individuals or organizations by spreading harmful or
defamatory information.
 Security Risks: Misinformation can lead people to make poor decisions, such as falling for scams or
believing in harmful health advice.
Q.9: Examine the computing influence on personal privacy.
Ans: Personal Impact of Computing:
 Convenience: Personal computers, smartphones, and wearables help manage tasks, communication, and
entertainment efficiently.
 Learning Opportunities: Online education and information expand access to learning and skill
development.
 Healthcare: Personal health monitoring and telemedicine improve healthcare access and outcomes.
 Remote Work: Computing enables work from home or anywhere with an internet connection.
 Digital Payments: Faster, secure transactions through digital payment methods.
Q.10: Criticize about the role computing plays in shaping educational practices.
Ans. Computing has changed education, but there are some criticisms:
1. Over-Reliance on Technology: Too much focus on digital tools can reduce face-to-face learning and
social skills.
2. Digital Divide: Not all students have access to technology, creating inequality in learning opportunities.
3. Distractions: Devices can distract students with non-educational content, affecting focus.
4. Pre-Packaged Content: Using ready-made lessons can limit creativity and critical thinking.
5. Teacher Training: Not all teachers are trained to use technology effectively, reducing its benefits.
6. Privacy Concerns: Online learning raises worries about data security and student privacy.
7. Lack of Personalization: Technology doesn’t always cater to each student’s unique learning needs.
In short, while computing has improved education, it also creates challenges that need attention.
UNIT#06 IMPACT OF COMPUTING
LONG QUESTIONS (EXERCISE)
Give Long answers to the following extended response questions (ERQs).
Q1. Identify the precautions that need to be taken to ensure the physical safety of computer hardware.
Ans. See Answer From Page #166-167(Responsible use of Hardware )

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Q2. Judge the meaning of using software legally and ethically.
Using Software Legally Using Software Ethically
Using software Legally means following copyright Using s oftware Ethically means being fair to creators,
laws, respecting licenses, and not using pirated avoiding harm to others, and respecting privacy and
software. security. It’s about using software responsibly and
Legally: fairly.
 Following the Law: You must obey copyright Ethically:
rules, software licenses, and user agreements.  Fair Use: Using software in a way that respects
This means not using stolen or unapproved the creators, by not taking advantage of their
software, paying for software when needed, work without giving them credit or payment.
and respecting the creators' rights.  Avoiding Harm: Using software responsibly,
 Respecting Licensing Agreements: Software without causing harm, like hacking, spreading
often comes with rules about how it can be viruses, or tricking people.
used. Legally, you must follow these rules, like  Respecting Privacy: Treating others' personal
not sharing or changing the software without information with care, and not accessing or
permission. sharing their data without permission.

Q3. Express the ways, users can recognize and protect themselves from online cheats and phishing attempts.
Ans. To stay safe from online cheats and phishing:
1. Check Emails: Watch for strange senders, mistakes, or urgent requests.
2. Avoid Clicking Links: Don’t click on unknown links or open attachments.
3. Verify Websites: Make sure the website starts with "https" and has a padlock symbol.
4. Use Strong Passwords: Create tough passwords and turn on extra security.
5. Update Software: Keep your apps and antivirus up to date.
6. Be Careful with Pop-Ups: Don’t click on suspicious pop-up ads or offers.
7. Report Suspicious Messages: Tell someone if you get a fake email or message.
Q4. Comment on the key ways in which social networking platforms have revolutionized communication and
connectivity in the digital age. Additionally, deduce the positive impacts of these changes on society.
Ans. Social networking platforms have revolutionized communication by enabling instant global connections, real-
time updates, and easier collaboration. They provide access to information, help maintain personal and
professional relationships, and offer spaces for people to share ideas.
Positive Impacts on Society:
1. Increased Awareness: Platforms spread awareness about social and political issues, driving movements for
change.
2. Stronger Communities: They help people with similar interests build virtual support networks.
3. Economic Growth: Social media helps businesses reach wider audiences, boosting small businesses.
4. Learning Opportunities: Platforms provide access to education and skill-building resources.
5. Emotional Support: Online communities offer support for mental health and personal challenges.
Overall, social networking has made communication more accessible, fostering connections and growth in various
aspects of society.
Q5. Describe the risks associated with online gaming and social networking for children.
Ans. Online gaming and social networking can pose risks for children, including:
1. Inappropriate Content: Exposure to violence, bad language, or adult themes in games and social media.
2. Cyberbullying: Children may be bullied or harassed online, affecting their mental health.
3. Privacy Risks: Sharing personal information can lead to data theft or contact with online predators.
4. Addiction and Health: Excessive gaming or screen time can affect sleep, school, and physical health.
5. Online Scams: Children can fall for scams or spend money without permission.
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 6. Social Isolation: Too much online time can lead to less interaction with family and friends.
7. Mental Health Issues: Social media can cause self-esteem problems, body image issues, or pressure to fit in.
8. Toxic Communities: Negative behavior in online groups can harm a child's emotional well-being.
Parents can help by monitoring activities, using safety settings, and talking to their children about online risks.
Q6. Devise steps for governments and businesses in leveraging computing to drive economic growth and
innovation.
Ans. See Answer From Page #180-181(Economic Impact)
Q7. Compare the impact of online platforms and algorithms on cultural diversity and the spread of global or
local culture?
Ans. See Answer From Page #181-182(Cultural Impact) & on Page #182Impact on globalization

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 Unit#07 Entrepreneurship
MCQs
Q Select the suitable answer for the following Multiple choice questions
Sr. Statement A B C D
1. Which are the function Risk bearing Innovation Organizing & a, b, c
1 of an entrepreneur? and managing
2 An entrepreneur enters in to Technical Professional Novice a, b, c
business to improved quality Entrepreneur Entrepreneur Entrepreneur
product by their invention
and discoveries comes under
3 An entrepreneur who Technical Innovative Novice a, b, c
introduce new idea, methods Entrepreneur Entrepreneur entrepreneur
of production and discovers
new market is called as:
4 Entrepreneurship can Increase Decrease Neither increase None of a, b,
_____________National nor decrease c
Product: the Gross.
5 Entrepreneurship can Increase Neither increase decrease a, b, c
_____the Unemployment nor decrease
6 A stable and dynamic Positive role Negative role No role in None of a, b,
political environment play in business in business business c
growth growth growth
7 A business plan is a Proposed Its operational Its marketing a, b, c
written summary of: business venture and financial opportunities
details and strategy
Unit#07 Entrepreneurship
LONG QUESTIONS ANSWERS (EXERCISE)

Q #01: How well does the entrepreneur fit the entrepreneurial profile described in this chapter?
Ans: See Answer From Page #191-192 (What is an Entrepreneur?)
Q #02: Interpret the advantages and disadvantages that the entrepreneur sees in owning business.
See Answer on Page #192-192 (The benefits of Entrepreneurship & The drawback of Entrepreneurship )
Ans: The benefits of Entrepreneurship
Driven by these personal characteristics,
 Entrepreneur establish and manage small businesses to gain control over their lives,
 Make a difference in the world,
 Become self-fulfilled, reap unlimited profits, contribute to society and do what they enjoy doing.
The Drawbacks of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurs also face certain disadvantages, including
 Uncertainty of income,
 The risk of lessing their investments (and more),
 Long hours and hard work,
 A lower quality of life until the business gets established,
 High stress levels and complete decision-making responsibility.

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Q3: Conclude the advices that could be offered to someone who is considering to launch a business.
Ans. The following are the advices to someone who is considering to launch a business.
1. Start with a Clear Plan:
It's important to have a well-thought-out business plan. Know what your business will do, who your
customers are, and how you will make money.
2. Do Your Research:
Research your market, competitors, and target audience. Understanding the industry and customer needs
will help you make better decisions.
3. Be Prepared for Challenges:
Starting a business comes with challenges. Be ready to face setbacks, and don’t give up easily. Learn from
mistakes and keep improving.
4. Manage Your Finances Wisely:
Keep track of your expenses, set a budget, and make sure you have enough money to run your business.
It’s important to manage cash flow carefully.
5. Seek Advice and Mentorship:
Don’t be afraid to ask for help. Find mentors or advisors who have experience in business. They can offer
valuable advice and guide you through tough decisions.
6. Start small and Grow Gradually:
It's better to start with a small, manageable business and grow over time, rather than taking on too much
too soon. This helps you learn and adjust as you go.
7. Stay Focused and Consistent:
Stay focused on your goals and keep working hard. Consistency is key to building a successful business in
the long run.
8. Market Your Business:
Make sure people know about your business. Use social media, advertising, or word-of-mouth to reach your
target audience and promote your products or services.
9. Know When to Ask for Help:
As your business grows, you may need extra help. Whether it's hiring staff or working with experts, don’t
hesitate to ask for support when needed.
10. Be Passionate and Patient:
Passion for your business will keep you motivated, even when things get tough. Be patient as success takes
time and requires hard work and dedication.
Q.4: Articulate the main reason for young people to be involved in business.
Ans. The following are the main reason for young people to be involved in business
1. Opportunity for Financial Independence:
Starting or being involved in a business gives young people the chance to earn their own money, leading to
greater financial freedom and independence.
2. Learning Valuable Skills:
Being in business helps young people develop important skills like problem-solving, communication,
leadership, and time management, which are useful in any career.
3. Building Confidence :
Running or working in a business helps boost self-confidence by allowing young people to make decisions,
face challenges, and achieve goals on their own.
4. Creating Jobs :
Young entrepreneurs can create job opportunities, not just for themselves, but for others as well, helping to
reduce unemployment in their community.
5. Innovation and Creativity:
Young people often bring fresh ideas and new perspectives to the business world, allowing them to
innovate and solve problems in creative ways.
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 6. Networking and Connections:
Involvement in business allows young people to build a network of contacts, mentors, and potential
partners that can be valuable throughout their careers.
7. Personal Growth and Development:
Starting a business challenges young people to grow, learn from their mistakes, and become more resilient,
helping them to develop a strong work ethic.
8. Potential for Future Success:
Early involvement in business can lead to long-term success by gaining experience, knowledge, and a
strong foundation for future ventures.
9. Making a Positive Impact:
Through business, young people can contribute to their communities by offering valuable products,
services, or solutions to local problems.
10. Flexibility and Freedom:
Being in business gives young people more control over their time and work environment, allowing them
to balance personal life and work according to their preferences.
Q.5 Enlist contributions that small businesses make to our economy.
Ans. Small businesses play a crucial role in contributing to the economy in various ways:
1. Job Creation:
Small businesses are major employers in many economies. They provide jobs to a large number of people,
often offering opportunities in local communities.
2. Innovation:
Small businesses are often more flexible and creative, leading to new products, services, and solutions that
help drive innovation in various industries.
3. Economic Growth:
By providing goods and services, small businesses contribute to the overall economic activity and help the
economy grow by adding to the national GDP.
4. Support for Local Economies:
Small businesses often purchase goods and services from other local businesses, helping to strengthen the
local economy and create a more connected community.
5. Tax Revenue :
Small businesses contribute to government tax revenues, which are used to fund public services such as
education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
6. Competition:
Small businesses increase competition in the market, which can help improve quality and lower prices for
consumers, driving a healthier economy.
7. Diversity and Sustainability:
Small businesses support diversity in the marketplace by offering unique products or services. They can
also promote sustainability through locally sourced materials and eco-friendly practices.
8. Flexibility and Adaptability:
Small businesses can quickly adapt to changes in the market, providing a buffer against economic
downturns and encouraging resilience in the economy.
9. Wealth Distribution:
Small businesses contribute to a fairer distribution of wealth by offering opportunities to entrepreneurs,
especially in less wealthy areas or underrepresented groups.
10. Building Community Identity:
Small businesses often reflect and promote local culture, helping to create a sense of identity and pride in
communities.

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