Question Bank

1. What are the features of Statistics?

2. Discuss any five features of Statistics.

3. Name any two functions of Statistics.

4. Name any two uses of Statistics.

5. Discuss the scope and limitations of Statistics.

6. Discuss the nature of the Statistics.

7. Define primary data with the help of an example.

8. What is meant by Primary data?

9. What is meant by secondary data?

10. What are Statistical Errors? Explain.

11. What do you mean by rounding off or approximation of data? Discuss various rules of
rounding off of data.

12. What is meant by rounding off data? Explain.

13. Discuss briefly the various types of diagrams. What points should be taken into consideration
while presenting the data diagrammatically?

14. Define Qualitative classification.

15. State any two objectives of Tabulation.

16. Define bar diagrams.

17. Enlist any two objectives of Data Classification.

18. How tabulation is carried out?

19. What are different types of Graphs?

20. What are different methods of Classification of data? Explain.

21. Explain the components of statistical table.

22. What are two characteristics of central tendency?

23. Define Harmonic mean.

24. What are merits and demerits of median? Write different formulas used for calculation of
median.

25. Write down the formula for Harmonic mean.

26. Define median with the help of an example.

27. What are the two characteristics of Average?

28. Define Arithmetic mean.

29. What is standard deviation?

30. What is meant by coefficient of variation?

31. Write the mathematical formula for mean deviation.

32. Explain different objectives of dispersion by taking suitable examples.

33. Discuss the merits and demerits of mean deviation.

34. Write the steps to calculate standard deviation.

35. What is meant by range? Explain.

36. Discuss merits and demerits of Variance.

37. State the objective of dispersion.

38. Differentiate between Range and Inter-Quartile Deviation.

39. Write down the formula for coefficient of Standard Deviation.

40. Explain different measures of dispersion by taking suitable examples.

41. Discuss the merits and demerits of range.

42. Write the steps to calculate mean deviation.

 Answers to the Question Bank

1. Features of Statistics:

1. Aggregates of Facts – Statistics deal with a collection of numerical data, not individual
figures.
2. Expressed in Numerical Terms – Statistical data is always quantitative.
3. Affected by Multiple Causes – Data varies due to multiple influencing factors.
4. Collected for a Pre-determined Purpose – Data is gathered with a specific objective in
mind.
5. Comparative in Nature – Statistical data allows for analysis through comparison.

2. Functions of Statistics (Any Two):

1. Data Presentation – Helps in organizing and presenting data systematically.

2. Decision Making – Aids in making informed decisions based on numerical analysis.

3. Uses of Statistics (Any Two):

1. Business and Economics – Used for market analysis, demand forecasting, etc.
2. Social Sciences – Helps in studying population trends and behaviors.

4. Scope and Limitations of Statistics:

 Scope:
o Business, Economics, Social Sciences, Medical Research, Engineering, etc.
 Limitations:
o Cannot study qualitative data, results are approximations, and interpretation
varies.

5. Nature of Statistics:
 1. Descriptive Nature – Deals with summarizing and presenting data.
2. Inferential Nature – Involves making predictions based on samples.

6. Primary Data (Definition + Example):

 Definition: Data collected firsthand from original sources.

 Example: Census survey data collected by the government.

7. Secondary Data (Definition):

 Data already collected by someone else, e.g., books, reports, websites.

8. Statistical Errors:

 Errors occurring in the collection, processing, or analysis of statistical data.

 Types: Sampling errors and Non-sampling errors.

9. Rounding Off or Approximation of Data:

 Process of adjusting numbers to make calculations simpler.

 Rules:
o If digit after rounding place is 5 or more, round up.
o If less than 5, round down.

10. Types of Diagrams & Considerations:

1. Bar Diagrams
2. Pie Charts
3. Histograms
4. Line Graphs
5. Scatter Diagrams
Considerations: Proper scale, title, labeling, and clarity.

11. Qualitative Classification:

 Classification based on attributes (e.g., gender, nationality).

12. Objectives of Tabulation (Any Two):

1. Summarization of Data
2. Facilitates Comparison

13. Bar Diagrams (Definition):

 Graphical representation using rectangular bars to compare values.

14. Objectives of Data Classification (Any Two):

1. Simplification of Data
2. Better Analysis & Comparison

15. Tabulation Process:

1. Collection of Data
2. Classification & Sorting
3. Designing a Table
4. Data Entry & Presentation

16. Types of Graphs:

1. Line Graph
 2. Bar Graph
3. Pie Chart
4. Histogram

17. Methods of Classification of Data:

1. Qualitative Classification
2. Quantitative Classification
3. Geographical Classification
4. Chronological Classification

18. Components of a Statistical Table:

 Title, Rows, Columns, Headings, Body, Footnotes, Source.

19. Characteristics of Central Tendency (Any Two):

1. Uniqueness – Every dataset has one measure of central tendency.

2. Representative Value – It represents the entire dataset.

20. Harmonic Mean (Definition & Formula):

 Reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of reciprocals of values.

 Formula:
HM=n∑1XiHM = \frac{n}{\sum \frac{1}{X_i}}

21. Median (Definition + Example):

 Definition: Middle value when data is arranged in order.

 Example: For data 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, median = 7.
22. Arithmetic Mean (Definition):

 Sum of all values divided by the number of values.

23. Standard Deviation (Definition):

 Measure of dispersion that shows how much values deviate from the mean.

24. Coefficient of Variation (Definition):

 Standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the mean.

25. Mean Deviation (Formula):

MD=∑∣X−Mean∣NMD = \frac{\sum |X - Mean|}{N}

26. Steps to Calculate Standard Deviation:

1. Find mean
2. Subtract mean from each value
3. Square the differences
4. Find the average of squared differences
5. Take the square root

27. Range (Definition & Explanation):

 Difference between highest & lowest values.

28. Coefficient of Standard Deviation (Formula):

CSD=Standard DeviationMean\text{CSD} = \frac{\text{Standard Deviation}}{\text{Mean}}

29. Merits & Demerits of Range:

 Merits: Simple, quick to compute.

 Demerits: Ignores data distribution.

30. Steps to Calculate Mean Deviation:

1. Find mean/median.
2. Calculate absolute deviations.
3. Find mean of deviations.