Unit 2: Coding

Learning Objectives
Learners will learn to:
 understand and use relational and logical operators

 develop text-based programs with conditional (selection) statements

 outline the purpose of program libraries

 identify and know how to use library functions in text-based programs

Vocabulary
operators
conditions
libraries

Let Us Start

Of course! I have used conditional

Hey! Have you used conditional statements. Conditional statements
statements in Python? I need to are fundamental constructs allowing
understand it to create Python you to make code decisions based on
programs with conditions. specific conditions. They enable your
program to execute different blocks of
code depending on whether certain
conditions are true or false.

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Let Us Explore
We have already created an algorithm that uses a condition to check a condition and

then displays a result. To convert an algorithm with conditions into a Python

program, we must learn to use conditional statements in Python.

Write an algorithm that accepts the user's age and determines if he/she is eligible to

vote. The voting age is considered to be 18 years or older.

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Get, Set, Go
2.1 Operators
Operators in Python programming are special symbols or characters that perform

operations on variables and values. Let us look at the relational and logical operators

used to specify conditions by comparing values.

Relational operators
Relational operators are used to create a condition that compares two values. The

output of a relational expression is either ‘True’ or ‘False’ based on the comparison

result.

Operator Name of Description Example

Symbol operator Assuming
x=20 and y=10
== equal to It checks if two values are equal. If the x==y results in

values on both sides of the operator False

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 are the same, it returns True.

Otherwise, it returns False.

!= not equal to It checks if two values are not equal. If x!=y results in

the values are different, it returns True

True. If they are the same, it returns

False.

> greater than It checks if the value on the left is x>y results in

greater than the value on the right. If True

it is, it returns True; otherwise, it

returns False.

< less than It checks if the value on the left is less x<y results in

than the value on the right. If it is, it False

returns True; otherwise, it returns

False.

>= greater than It checks if the value on the left is x>=y results in

equal to greater than or equal to the value on True OR

the right. If it is, it returns True; y>=x results in

otherwise, it returns False. False

<= less than It checks if the value on the left is less x<=y results in

equal to than or equal to the value on the False OR

right. If it is, it returns True; otherwise, y<=x results in

it returns False. True

Example 1: Program using relational operators

Program

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Output

Logical operators
Logical Operators are used to combine multiple conditions and determine the overall

result.

In the expression “marks>37”, you can only check whether the marks are greater than

37. What if you require checking whether it is greater than 37 and less than 18? In such

cases, you can use logical operators to join multiple relational expressions to make a

more complex expression. Logical operators are also known as Boolean operators.

The following logical operators are used in Python:

Logical Description Example

operator assuming x=20 and
y=10
AND The output is True only if all statements (x > 0 and y < 20) results

are true. in True

OR The output is True if any one statement (x > 0 or y < 5) results in

is true. True

NOT The output is True if the statement is (not x > 0) results in False

false.

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Example: Program using logical operators
Program

Output

Activity 1
Assuming x=-20, y=20 and z=0, What will be the output of the following statements

in Python?

 print (x+y==z)

 print( x+y !=0)

 print (x> y and z < y)

2.2 Conditional statements

Conditional statements are programming constructs that allow the execution of code

based on certain conditions. They enable the program to make decisions and choose

different paths of execution based on whether a particular condition is true or false.

The most common types of conditional statements are:

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 Statement Description
if statement The if statement is used to test a specific condition. If the

condition is true, a block of code (if-block) will be

executed.

if - else statement The if-else statement is similar to the if statement except

that it also provides the block of the code for the false

case of the condition to be checked. If the condition

provided in the if statement is false, then the else

statement will be executed.

Nested if statement The nested if statements enable us to use an if-else

statement inside an outer if statement.

Indentation in Python
In Python, indentation is used to declare a block. If two statements are at the same

indentation level, they are part of the same block. Generally, four spaces are given to

indent the statements, a typical amount of indentation in Python. Indentation is the

most used part of the Python language since it declares the block of code. All the

statements of one block are intended at the same level of indentation. If a command

under the ‘if’ statement is not indented, it will give an error.

The if statement
The if statement is used to test a particular condition and if the

condition is true, it executes a block of code known as if-block.

The condition of an if statement can be any valid logical

expression which can be either evaluated to true or false.

Syntax

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Example 1: Program to find the number is greater than 5.
Program

Output

Example 2: Program to print the largest of the three numbers.

Program

Output

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Activity 2
Write a Python program that accepts a user's age and checks whether he/she is an

adult. The program will display a message if the age entered is more than 18.

The if-else statement

The if-else statement provides an else block combined with the if statement executed

in the false case of the condition. If the condition is true, then the if-block is executed.

Otherwise, the else block is executed.

Syntax

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Example: Program to check whether a person is eligible to vote.
Program

Output

Activity 3
Write a Python program that accepts a number from the user and checks whether

the number is even or odd.

The elif statement

The elif statement enables us to check multiple conditions

and execute the specific block of statements depending

upon the true condition among them. Depending upon

our need, we can have any number of elif statements in our

program.
Syntax

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Program

Output

2.3 Library Routines

Library routines are pre-written codes that can be used in programs to perform specific

tasks. These are also tested and ready to use. Using library routines saves time by not

having to write code from scratch. It can be included in programs by importing them.

Some of the commonly used library routines are as follows:

MOD
It returns the remainder when one number is divided by another number.

Example: Program that uses MOD.

Program

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Output

DIV
It returns the quotient when one number is divided by another number.
Program

output

ROUND
It rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places.
Program

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Output

RANDOM
It generates a random number between x and n
Program

Output

Activity 3
Write a Python code for the following:

 Input two integers and find DIV and MOD

 Generate a random integer between 30 to 50

Unit Review
1. Relational operators are used to create a condition that compares two values.

2. Logical Operators are used to combine multiple conditions and determine the

overall result.

3. Conditional statements are programming constructs that allow the execution

of code based on certain conditions.

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 4. Indentation is used to declare a block. If two statements are at the same

indentation level, they are part of the same block.

5. The if statement is used to test a particular condition and if the condition is

true, it executes a block of code known as if-block.

6. The if-else statement provides an else block combined with the if statement executed
in the false case of the condition.

7. The elif statement enables us to check multiple conditions and execute the specific
block of statements depending upon the true condition among them.

8. Library routines are pre-written code that can be used in programs to perform
specific tasks.

9. Some commonly used library routines are MOD, DIV, ROUND and RANDOM.

Check for Understanding

1. Select the correct answer.
a. What will be the output for the following Python code?

i. True
ii. False
iii. Error

b. What of the following in NOT a logical operator?

i. AND
ii. NOT
iii. <=

c. Which conditional statement checks multiple conditions and executes the

specific statement block?
i. if statement

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 ii. if-else statement
iii. elif statement

d. Which logical operator will give the output True if the statement is false?
i. AND
ii. OR
iii. NOT

2. Answer the following questions.

a. Why is it important to indent the Python code?
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b. Differentiate between interactive mode and Script mode in Python

Programming.

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 c. Explain if - else statement with an example.

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d. What will be the output of the following Python code?

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Lab Activity
1. Write a program to accept a character from the user and display whether it is

vowel or a consonant.

2. Create a Python program to develop a remainder machine that takes two

numbers input from the user. It then outputs the remainder after dividing the

first number by the second.

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 3. Write a Python program that prompts the user to enter his/her score and

determines the corresponding grade based on the following criteria:

 If the score is 90 or above, assign grade A

 If the score is between 80 and 89, assign grade B

 If the score is between 70 and 79, assign grade C

 If the score is between 60 and 69, assign grade D

 For any score below 60, assign grade F

After determining the grade, the program should display the result by printing

"Your grade is" followed by the assigned grade.

Resources
https://www.javatpoint.com/python-tutorial

Reference Material
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft8nK7NSLig

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