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Grade 7physics Notes Ch-11Pushes & pulls2024-25

Chapter 11 discusses the concepts of forces, including contact and non-contact forces, and the properties of elasticity and plasticity. It explains the relationship between mass and weight, balanced and unbalanced forces, and introduces Newton's laws of motion. Additionally, it covers centripetal force and its role in circular motion, providing examples such as the Earth in orbit and roller coasters.

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5 views3 pages

Grade 7physics Notes Ch-11Pushes & pulls2024-25

Chapter 11 discusses the concepts of forces, including contact and non-contact forces, and the properties of elasticity and plasticity. It explains the relationship between mass and weight, balanced and unbalanced forces, and introduces Newton's laws of motion. Additionally, it covers centripetal force and its role in circular motion, providing examples such as the Earth in orbit and roller coasters.

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faisal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 11: PUSHES AND PULLS Name: Class/section:

• Force= push or pull in a particular direction. They can make objects: start moving, stop
moving, move faster, move slower, change direction, change shape and size.
• Therefore, there are two types of force: 1. Contact force 2. Non-contact force
Contact Force
Forces experienced by the bodies when they are in physical contact with each other.
Example:1. Frictional force 2. Muscular force
Non-Contact Force
Forces experienced by the bodies is they are not in physical contact with each other.
example: 1. Gravitational force 2. Magnetism 3. Forces due to static electricity.
Elasticity & Plasticity
• The materials or objects which can regain its original condition when the deforming forces
are removed are called elastic objects.
• The materials or objects which cannot regain its original condition when the deforming
forces are removed are called plastic objects.
• Elasticity: The property of an elastic body which will enable it to regain its original
condition after the deforming force is removed.
• Plasticity: The property of a plastic body which will stop it to regain its original condition
after the deforming force is removed.
Mass Weight
1 Mass of a body is the measure of its • Weight of the body is the force with which it
inertia is attached towards the earth or it is the force of
gravity on a mass (W=m x g)

2 Its S.I. unit is kg Its S.I. unit is Newton


3 It is a scalar quantity It is a vector quantity
4 It remains constant everywhere Its value changes from place to place
5 It can be measured by a common balance It is measured by spring balance

Balanced forces: Sometimes more than one force can be applied to the same object. If
these forces are the same size but in opposite directions, they can “cancel out.” The forces are
then said to be balanced (e.g. two equal teams in a tug o’ war).

When the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object will either
•Not be moving or •Moving at a steady speed in a straight line. (This is known as Newton’s
First Law.)
Unbalanced forces: If two forces acting on an object are not equal and opposite, then we
say these forces are unbalanced.

The unbalanced force is 150N to the right. If the forces are unbalanced, the object speeds up
or slows down.
Extension/load graph:

HOOKE’S LAW: The extension of a spring (e) is directly proportional to the force(F)
applied provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded. Force (N) = spring constant
(N/mm) *extension (mm). F = ke. SI unit of spring constant is N/m
Limit of proportionality: It is the straight part of the graph which obeys Hooke’s law.
Elastic limit: It is the maximum value of stretching force with which an object can regain its
original condition when the deforming force is removed .
Elastic potential energy stored in the spring = ½ K e2
K= spring constant in N/mm
e= extension in mm

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND INERTIA


Inertia is a property of an object that describes how much it will resist change to the motion
of an object.
➢ An object with larger mass has larger inertia.
➢ When mass increases inertia also increases.
Mass has two significant effects:
1. Mass is the source of an object’s weight – the force of gravity on a mass.
The greater the mass, the greater the weight.
2. The mass of an object also opposes any attempt to change that object’s motion.
The greater the mass of an object, the more difficult it is to speed it up, slow it down or
change its direction.
Newton’s 1st law of motion: If the forces on a mass are balanced (no resultant force), then
➢ if it is at rest, it stays at rest.
➢ if it is moving, it keeps on moving at a constant speed in a straight line.

Newton's second law: An object will accelerate (change its velocity) in response to a
resultant force.
➢ The bigger this resultant force, the larger the acceleration.
➢ For a given force, the greater the object's mass, the smaller the acceleration experienced.
mass= force / acceleration
Circular motions: An object at steady speed in a circular orbit is always accelerating as its
direction is changing(so velocity is changing ), but it gets no closer to the center.
Centripetal force is the force acting towards the Centre of a circle. It is a force that is
needed (not caused by) a circular motion, for example when you swing a ball on a string
round in a circle, the tension of the string is the centripetal force. If the string is cut, then the
ball will travel in a straight line at a tangent to the circle at the point where the string was cut
(Newton’s first law). Example The Earth in orbit, The roller coaster ride.
➢ Centripetal force is required to maintain circular motion.
➢ Any force that causes an object to follow a circular path is called a centripetal force.
➢ Centripetal means “center-seeking “.
Centripetal force on an object depends on:
1. The object’s mass- more mass means more force.
2. The object’s speed- more speed means more force.
3. The radius of the circle -lesser the radius of the circle means more force.
Centripetal force examples:
The Earth in orbit , Roller coaster ride

For a roller coaster, gravity pulls down on the seats and its riders with a
constant force, whether they move uphill, downhill or through a loop. The rigid
steel tracks together with gravity provide the centripetal force needed to
keeps the seats on the arching path as they move through a loop.

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