<Program Code: IF>: <Course Code:22322><Course Name: Data Communication><Topic Name: Introduction to Data

Communication
<UO1d.><study Material>

<Course <Date:03/07/2020>
Expert: <Mentor:Ms.Sonali Waje >
Ms.Dipali
Sapkal>
Key words Learning Objective: To understand the concept of ASK
Digital,Analog, Digital to Analog Conversion.
Modulation,De
modulation

Key Questions Concept Map

What do you FSK

mean by
modulation?

Explain Digital
to Analog
Conversion.
PSK

Introduction to Digital To Analog Conversion: Key Definitions

The case of transmitting digital data using analog Modulation
signals.
Modulation is an operation of varying amplitude or
 The most familiar use is for
frequency or phase of carrier signal according to the
transmitting digital data through the
instantaneous amplitude of the baseband
public telephone network.
signal/modulating signal.
 The telephone network was designed
to receive, switch, and transmit analog
signals in the voice-frequency range of Demodulation
about 300 to 3400 Hz.
Demodulation is the opposite process of modulation
 It is not at present suitable for handling
where the varying amplitude, frequency or phase of
digital signals from the subscriber
carrier signal is extracted to construct the original the
Solved word locations.
message signal.
Problem  Thus digital devices are attached to the
network via a modem (modulator-
Which are demodulator), which converts digital
data to analog signals, and vice versa.
the different  Modulation involves operation on one
encoding or more of the three characteristics of a
techniques carrier signal: amplitude, frequency,
for and phase.
 Accordingly, there are three basic
transformin
encoding or modulation techniques for
g digital transforming digital data into analog
data to signals:
analog 1. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK),
signals? 2. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK),
and
3. Phase Shift Keying (PSK).
ASK,FSK,PSK

Application of Digital To Analog Conversion Link to YouTube/ OER/ video

https://www.elprocus.com/digital-to-analog-
System:
converter-dac-applications/
 Music Players
 Mobiles
 Televisions
 Telephones

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

 ASK is the digital carrier Modulation in which amplitude of carrier will take one of the two values in response to 0
or 1 value of digital data.

 Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a type of Amplitude Modulation which represents the binary data in the form of
variations in the amplitude of a signal.

 Any modulated signal has a high frequency carrier. The binary signal when ASK modulated, gives a zero value for
Low input while it gives the carrier output for High input.

The following figure represents ASK modulated waveform along with its input.

ASK Modulator

The ASK modulator block diagram comprises of the carrier signal generator, the binary sequence from the message signal
and the band-limited filter. Following is the block diagram of the ASK Modulator.
Application:
1. Used in our infrared remote controls
2. Used in fibre optical transmitter and receiver.

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)

 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is the digital modulation technique in which the frequency of the carrier signal
varies according to the digital signal changes. FSK is a scheme of frequency modulation.

 The output of a FSK modulated wave is high in frequency for a binary High input and is low in frequency for a
binary Low input. The binary 1s and 0s are called Mark and Space frequencies.

The following image is the diagrammatic representation of FSK modulated waveform along with its input.

FSK Modulator
The FSK modulator block diagram comprises of two oscillators with a clock and the input binary sequence. Following is its
block diagram.
The two oscillators, producing a higher and a lower frequency signals, are connected to a switch along with an internal
clock. To avoid the abrupt phase discontinuities of the output waveform during the transmission of the message, a clock is
applied to both the oscillators, internally. The binary input sequence is applied to the transmitter so as to choose the
frequencies according to the binary input.
Application:
1. Many modems used FSK in telemetry systems

Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is the digital modulation technique in which the phase of the carrier signal is changed by varying
the sine and cosine inputs at a particular time. PSK technique is widely used for wireless LANs, bio-metric, contactless
operations, along with RFID and Bluetooth communications.
PSK is of two types, depending upon the phases the signal gets shifted. They are –

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

This is also called as 2-phase PSK or Phase Reversal Keying. In this technique, the sine wave carrier takes two phase
reversals such as 0° and 180°. BPSK is basically a Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC) modulation scheme, for
message being the digital information.

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

This is the phase shift keying technique, in technique, in which the sine wave carrier takes four phase reversals such as 0°,
90°, 180°, and 270°.
If this kind of techniques are further extended, PSK can be done by eight or sixteen values also, depending upon the
requirement.

BPSK Modulator

The block diagram of Binary Phase Shift Keying consists of the balance modulator which has the carrier sine wave as one
input and the binary sequence as the other input. Following is the diagrammatic representation.
The modulation of BPSK is done using a balance modulator, which multiplies the two signals applied at the input. For a
zero binary input, the phase will be 0° and for a high input, the phase reversal is of 180°.

Following is the diagrammatic representation of BPSK Modulated output wave along with its given input.

The output sine wave of the modulator will be the direct input carrier or the inverted (180° phase shifted) input carrier,
which is a function of the data signal.
Application:
1. Used in our ADSL broadband modem
2. Used in satellite communication
3. Used in our mobile phones

Comparison of ASK,FSK,PSK:

Parameters ASK FSK PSK

Variable Amplitude Frequency Phase
characteristics
Bandwidth Is proportional to signal rate (B =(1+d)S),d is due B=(1+d)×S+2Δf B=(1+d)×S
to modulation & filtering ,lies between 0 & 1.
 Noise immunity low High High
Complexity Simple Moderately complex Very complex
Error probability High Low Low
Performance in Poor Better than ASK Better than FSK
presence of noise
Bit rate Suitable upto 100 bits/sec Suitable upto about Suitable for high
1200 bits/sec bit rates

KEY DIFFERENCES:

 There are various characteristics of ASK,FSK and PSK

 De modulation is the reverse process of Modulation
 Modulation is nothing but an operation of varying amplitude or frequency or phase of carrier signal according to
the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal/modulating signal.

Key Take away from this UO:

Concept of Digital to Analog Conversion
Difference between ASK,FSK,PSK