PRODUCED BY THE OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE OF ENERGY NETWORKS ASSOCIATION

Engineering Recommendation G83

Issue 2 Amendment 3 June 2019

Recommendations for the Connection of Type Tested

Small-scale Embedded Generators (Up to 16A per Phase) in
Parallel with Low-Voltage Distribution Systems

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SE1 2AU

This document has been prepared for use by members of the Energy Networks Association
to take account of the conditions which apply to them. Advice should be taken from an
appropriately qualified engineer on the suitability of this document for any other purpose.

First published, October, 2002

Amendments since publication

Issue Date Amendment

Issue 1 September 2003 Revision
Issue 1-1 June 2008 Revision (ammendment1)
Issue 2 December, 2012 Full revision of the previous version G83/1-1 2008 to
ensure alignment with the requirements of EREC G59/2
Issue 2-1 01 July 2018 RoCoF and VS immunity requirements – amendments to;
5.3.1, 5.3.3, Appendix 4
Issue 2-2 14 March 2019 Amendments to add new fuel/technology type to Appendix3
Issue 2-3 16 June 2019 Note added to section 2 to make it clear that generation
connected on or after 27 April 2019 must comply with G98.
Unnecessary dated references removed from Section 3
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 3

Contents
1 Foreword.......................................................................................................................... 5
2 Scope............................................................................................................................... 6
3 Normative References ..................................................................................................... 7
4 Terms and Definitions ...................................................................................................... 9
5 Connection, Protection & Testing Requirements ............................................................ 13
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5.1 Connection Procedure .......................................................................................... 13

5.1.1 Single Premises Connection Procedure .................................................... 13
5.1.2 Multiple Premises Connection Procedure .................................................. 13
5.2 Installation Wiring and Isolation ............................................................................. 13
5.3 Interface Protection .............................................................................................. 14
5.3.1 Interface Protection Settings and Test Requirements ................................ 14
5.3.2 Loss of Mains Protection ........................................................................... 15
5.3.3 Frequency Drift and Step Change Stability Test ........................................ 16
5.3.4 Automatic Reconnection ........................................................................... 16
5.4 Quality of Supply ................................................................................................... 16
5.4.1 Testing for Harmonic emissions. ............................................................... 17
5.4.2 Testing for flicker ....................................................................................... 17
5.5 DC Injection .......................................................................................................... 18
5.6 Power Factor ........................................................................................................ 19
5.7 Short Circuit Current Contribution ......................................................................... 19
5.7.1 Directly Coupled Generation ..................................................................... 19
5.7.2 Inverter Connected Generation ................................................................. 19
5.8 Voltage Unbalance................................................................................................ 20
5.9 Certification Requirements .................................................................................... 20
5.9.1 General ..................................................................................................... 20
5.9.2 Compliance ............................................................................................... 20
5.9.3 Verification Test Report ............................................................................. 20
6 Operation and Safety ..................................................................................................... 20
6.1 Operational Requirements .................................................................................... 20
6.2 Labelling ............................................................................................................... 20
6.3 Maintenance & Routine Testing ............................................................................ 22
6.4 Earthing ................................................................................................................ 22
7 Commissioning/Decommissioning and Acceptance Testing .......................................... 23
7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 23
7.2 Installation and Commissioning ............................................................................. 23
7.3 Notification of Commissioning ............................................................................... 24
7.4 Notification of Changes ......................................................................................... 24
7.5 Notification of Decommissioning ........................................................................... 24
Appendix 1 Connection Procedure Flow Chart............................................................. 25
Appendix 2 Application for Connection ........................................................................ 26
Appendix 3 SSEG Installation Commissioning Confirmation ........................................ 27
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Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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Appendix 4 Type Verification Test Report .................................................................... 28

Appendix 5 SSEG Decommissioning Confirmation ...................................................... 37
Appendix 6 Relaxation of Commissioning Notification Timescales for SSEG: HSE
Certificate of Exemption (August 2008) ..................................................... 38
Annex A-C Guidance on Type Testing Requirements ................................................. 39
Annex A1 Common Inverter Connected SSEG Requirements ................................... 40
Annex B1 Common Directly Coupled Connected SSEG Requirements ..................... 47
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Annex C1 Separate Specific SSEG Technology Requirements ................................. 53

C1.1 Domestic CHP........................................................................................... 53
C1.2 Photovoltaic .............................................................................................. 53
C1.3 Fuel Cells .................................................................................................. 53
C1.4 Hydro ........................................................................................................ 53
C1.5 Wind.......................................................................................................... 53
C1.6 Energy Storage Device ............................................................................. 54
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Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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1 Foreword
This Engineering Recommendation (EREC) is published by the Energy Networks Association
(ENA) and comes into effect from 1 December 20121.
It has been prepared and approved under the authority of the Great Britain Distribution Code
Review Panel. The approved abbreviated title of this engineering document is “EREC G83”,
which replaces the previously used abbreviation “ER G83”.

The purpose of this Engineering Recommendation is to simplify and standardise the technical
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requirements for connection of Small Scale Embedded Generators (SSEGs) for operation
in parallel with a public low-voltage Distribution System, by addressing all technical aspects
of the connection process from standards of functionality to site commissioning.

The procedures described are designed to facilitate the connection of Type Tested SSEGs
whilst maintaining the integrity of the public low-voltage Distribution System, both in terms of
safety and supply quality.

This Engineering Recommendation provides sufficient information to allow:

a) SSEG Manufacturers to design and market a product that is suitable for connection to
the public low-voltage Distribution System;

b) Users, Manufacturers and Installers of SSEGs to be aware of the requirements that will
be made by the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) before the SSEG installation will be
accepted for connection to the DNO’s Distribution System.

Legal Aspects

In accordance with ESQCR Regulation 22(2)(c) the Installer is to ensure that the DNO is
made aware of the SSEG installation at or before the time of commissioning. The DNO may
not refuse to accept the connection providing the installation complies with the requirements
of ESQCR Regulation 22. However under the terms of ESQCR Regulation 26 the DNO may
require a SSEG to be disconnected if it is a source of danger or interferes with the quality of
supply to other consumers.
In August 2008 an exemption to ESQCR Regulation 22(2) (c) was granted by the Health &
Safety Executive to the person or persons installing the source of energy from the requirements
imposed by ESQCR Regulation 22(2)(c) as long as that person or persons installing the source
of energy informed the DNO of the intention to use that source of energy in parallel with the
network no later than 28 days (inclusive of the day of commissioning) after commissioning the
source (see Appendix 6)

In addition to the requirements specified in this document which allows connection to the GB
electricity Distribution System, the SSEG and all of its components shall comply with all
relevant legal requirements including European Directives and CE marking.

—————————
1 Distribution Code Guidance Note 2/4 - December 2012. - http://www.energynetworks.info/the-distribution-code/

For all Small Scale Embedded Generators (SSEG) of up to 16A per phase, until 1 March 2014 it is permissible to connect to
the general requirements of previous versions of G83 provided this is through an Inverter or Controller with a protection/control
system that has either been fully type tested in accordance with G83/1-1, G83/2, G83/2-1 or in accordance with G59/2.
After 1 March 2014 it will only be allowable to connect SSEG of up to 16A per phase that complies with G83/2 or any
subsequently amended version of G83. .
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Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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2 Scope
This Engineering Recommendation provides guidance on the technical requirements for the
connection of Type Tested Small-Scale Embedded Generators (SSEGs) in parallel with
public low-voltage distribution networks. For the purposes of this Engineering
Recommendation a SSEG is a source of electrical energy rated up to and including 16 Ampere
per phase, single or multi- phase, 230/400 V AC.
This corresponds to 3.68 kilowatts (kW) on a single-phase supply and 11.04 kW on a three-
phase supply. The kW rating shall be based on the nominal voltage (ie 230V) as defined in BS
EN 50160 and the Electricity Supply Quality and Continuity Regulations (ESQCR).
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SSEGs commissioned on after 27 April 2019 must comply with EREC G98. EREC G83 is not
applicable to generation commissioned on or after that date.

Where the SSEG includes an Inverter its rating is deemed to be the Inverter’s continuous
steady state rating.

There are two connection procedures described in this document.

The first connection procedure covers the connection of o n e o r more SSEG systems, either
single or multi-phase within a single Customer’s Installation.
Multiple SSEG systems shall be accepted within a single Customers Installation provided that
the aggregate rated capacity of the systems is not greater than 16A per phase 2.

The second connection procedure covers the connection of multiple SSEGs (other than within
a single Customer’s Installation) in a Close Geographic Region, under a planned
programme of work.

This Engineering Recommendation only specifies the connection requirements applicable to

those SSEG installations that are designed to normally operate in parallel with a public
distribution network. Those installations that operate in parallel with the DNO’s Distribution
System for short periods (ie less than 5 minutes) or as an islanded installation or section of
network are considered to be out of scope, on the basis that it is not possible to devise generic
rules that will ensure safe operation under all operating conditions.

The generic requirements for all types of SSEG systems are defined in the main text of
this Engineering Recommendation, whilst the generic and technology specific type testing
requirements are defined in the annexes. The generic requirements relate to the connection,
installation and network design requirements for connection of a SSEG to a public low-
voltage Distribution System. SSEGs that are not Type Tested to conform to the requirements
of this document can only be connected via the guidelines laid down in Engineering
Recommendation G59.

Annexes A and B describe a methodology for testing the particular types of electrical interface
between the SSEG and the Distribution System whilst Annex C describes a methodology for
testing technology specific SSEG requirements. The purpose of the type tests is to demonstrate
compliance with the generic requirements of this Engineering Recommendation. By satisfying
the test conditions in the relevant annex the SSEG can be considered an approved SSEG for
connection to a public low-voltage Distribution System.
In the event that a new type testing annex is required then this should be formally initiated by

—————————
2 The manufacturer may restrict the rating of the SSEG by applying software settings provided these settings are not
accessible to the customer
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
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the GB Distribution Code Review Panel (DCRP).

The Appendices contain pro forma that relate to the connection, commissioning, type testing,
and decommissioning of SSEGs.

This document does not remove any statutory rights of an individual or organisation; equally it
does not remove any statutory obligation on an individual or organisation.
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Connection agreements (ie the legal documentation supporting the connection of a SSEG),
energy trading and metering are considered to be out of scope. These issues are mentioned in
this document only in the context of raising the reader’s awareness to the fact that these
matters might need to be addressed

3 Normative References
The following referenced documents, in whole or part, are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

Standards publications

BS 7671: Requirements for Electrical Installations

IEE Wiring Regulations Seventeenth (Amendment 1 2011) Edition.

BS EN 50160
Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks.

BS EN 50438
Requirements for the connection of micro-generators in parallel with public low-voltage
distribution networks.

BS EN 60034-4
Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests.

BS EN 60255 series*
Measuring relays and protection equipment.

BS EN 60664-1
Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1: Principles,
requirements and tests (IEC 60664-1:2007).

BS EN 60947 series*
Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear.

BS EN 61000-3-2
Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current up to and including 16 A per
phase).

BS EN 61000-3-3
Limits – Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage
supply systems, for equipment with rated current < 16A per phase and not subject to conditional
connection.
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BS EN 61000 series*
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC).
BS EN 61508 series*
Functional safety of electrical/ electronic/ programmable electronic safety-related systems.

BS EN 61810 series*
Electromechanical Elementary Relays.

BS EN 62116
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Test procedure of islanding prevention measures for utility-interconnected photovoltaic

Inverters.

IEC 60255-5
Electrical relays. Insulation coordination for measuring relays and protection equipment.
Requirements and tests.

IEC 60725
Considerations or reference impedances for use in determining the disturbance characteristics
of household appliances and similar electrical equipment.

IEC 60909-1
Short circuit calculation in three-phase AC systems.

IEC 62282-3-2
Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-2: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods.

*Where standards have more than one part, the requirements of all such parts shall be
satisfied, so far as they are applicable.

Other publications

Health and Safety at Work etc Act (HASWA): 1974

The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 also referred to as HASAW or HSW, is the primary
piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom. The Health
and Safety Executive is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other Acts and
Statutory Instruments relevant to the working environment.

Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations (ESQCR)

The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 - Statutory Instrument
Number 2665 -HMSO ISBN 0-11-042920-6 abbreviated to ESQCR in this document.

Electricity at Work Regulations (EaWR): 1989

The Electricity at Work regulations 1989 abbreviated to EaWR in this document.

Engineering Recommendation G5/4-1 (2005)

Planning levels for harmonic voltage distortion and the connection of non-linear equipment to
transmission and distribution networks in the United Kingdom.

Engineering Recommendation G59/2, Amendment 1 (2011)

Recommendations for the Connection of Embedded Generating Plant to the
Distribution Systems of Licensed Distribution Network Operators.

Engineering Recommendation P28 (1989)

 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
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Planning limits for voltage fluctuations caused by industrial, commercial and domestic equipment
in the United Kingdom.

Engineering Recommendation P29 (1990)

Planning limits for voltage unbalance in the UK for 132kV and below.

Engineering Recommendation G74 (1992)

Procedure to meet the requirements of IEC 60909 for the calculation of short-circuit currents in
three-phase AC power systems.
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4 Terms and Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

NOTE: Defined terms are capitalised and in bold script where they are used in the main text of this report.
Alternating Current or AC
An electric current that reverses direction in a circuit at regular intervals.

Act
The Electricity Act 1989 (as amended by the Utilities Act 2000 and the Energy Act 2004).

Apparatus
All Equipment, in which electrical conductors are used, supported or of which they may form a
part.

Authorised Electricity Operators

Any person (other than the DNO in its capacity as an operator of a Distribution System) who
is authorised to generate, participate in the transmission of, distribute or supply electricity.

Authority
The Gas and Electricity Markets Authority established under Section 1 of the Utilities Act 2000.

Circuit Breaker
An automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit.

Close Geographic Region

A close geographic region is defined as the area typically served by a single low voltage feeder
circuit fed from a single distribution transformer. In a situation where this definition cannot be
reliably applied by an Installer, the Installer can either confirm with the DNO whether a
proposed SSEG is in a Close Geographic Region or ensure that at least one of the following
criteria is met:

1) The postcodes of any of the premises where a SSEG installation is planned by the same
organisation are the same when the last two letters are ignored…i.e. AB1 2xx, where xx could
be any pair of letters or where x could be any letter.

2) The premises where a SSEG installation is planned by the same organisation are within
500m of each other.

Connection Point
An Entry Point or an Exit Point of the Distribution System as the case may be.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
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Controller
A device for controlling the functional operation of an SSEG.

Converter
The generic name for electronic architecture that, for the purpose of this recommendation,
converts either an alternating (AC) or direct (DC) current input into alternating current (AC)
output suitable for direct connection to the DNO’s Distribution System.
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Customer
Any person supplied or entitled to be supplied with electricity at any premises within Great
Britain but shall not include any Authorised Electricity Operator in its capacity as such.

NOTE: Other documentation may use the term Consumer when making reference to the functions and/or
features that this document has attributed to the Customer.

Customer's Installation
The electrical installation on the Customer's side of the Exit Point together with any equipment
permanently connected or intended to be permanently connected thereto.

Customer With Own Generation

A Customer with one or more Generation Sets connected to the Customer’s System,
providing all or part of the Customer’s electricity requirements, and which may use the DNO’s
Distribution System for the transport of any surplus of electricity being exported.

Direct Current or DC
The movement of electrical current flows in one constant direction, as opposed to Alternating
Current or AC, in which the current constantly reverses direction.

Distribution Code
A code required to be prepared by a DNO pursuant to condition 9 (Distribution Code) of a
Distribution Licence and approved by the Authority as revised from time to time with the
approval of, or by the direction of, the Authority.

Distribution Code Review Panel (DCRP)

The standing body established under the Distribution Code.

Distribution Licence
A distribution licence granted under Section 6(1)(c) of the Act.

Distribution Network Operator (DNO)

The person or legal entity named in Part 1 of the Distribution Licence and any permitted legal
assigns or successors in title of the named party.

Distribution System
The electrical network operated by an Other Authorised Distributor.

DNO’s Distribution System

The System consisting (wholly or mainly) of electric lines owned or operated by the DNO and
used for the distribution of electricity

Equipment
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
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Plant and/or Apparatus.

Embedded Generator
A Generator including a Customer With Own Generation whose Generating Units are
directly connected to the DNO’s Distribution System or to an Other Authorised Distributor
connected to the DNO’s Distribution System.

Entry Point
The point at which an Embedded Generator or other Users connect to the DNO’s Distribution
System where power flows into the DNO’s Distribution System under normal circumstances.
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Exit Point
Means the ends of the electric lines at which the supply is delivered to a Customer’s Installation.

Generator
A person who generates electricity under licence or exemption under the Act.

Generation Set
Any Apparatus which produces electricity.

Generating Unit
Any Apparatus which produces electricity.

Great Britain or GB
The landmass of England & Wales and Scotland, including internal waters.

Installer
The person who is responsible for the installation of the SSEG.

Interface Protection
The electrical protection required to ensure that the SSEG is disconnected for any event that
could impair the integrity or degrade the safety of the Distribution System. This protection
will normally include the elements detailed in Table 1 of this Engineering Recommendation.

Inverter
A device for conversion from Direct Current to nominal frequency Alternating Current.

Islanding
Any situation where a section of electricity system, containing generation, becomes physically
disconnected from the DNO’s Distribution System or User’s Distribution System; and one
or more Generating Units maintains a supply of electrical energy to that isolated system.

Low Voltage or LV
In relation to Alternating Current, a voltage exceeding 50 volts but not exceeding 1000 volts.

Manufacturer
A person or organisation that manufactures SSEG and also ‘packages’ components
manufactured by others to make a SSEG which can be Type Tested to meet the requirements
of this Engineering Recommendation.

Meter Operator
A person, registered with the registration Authority, appointed by either a Supplier or Customer
to provide electricity meter operation services. (This Distribution Code does not place any direct
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
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obligation on Meter Operators other than through the appointment by either a Supplier or a
Customer.)

Nominal Voltage and Frequency

Low voltage: 230 volts AC (+10/-6 %) single-phase, 50 Hz (±1%).400 volts AC (+10/-6 %) three
phase, 50 Hz (±1%). 230-460 volts AC (+10/-6%) split phase.

NOTE: DNO voltage and frequency is referenced to the Exit Point.

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Plant
Fixed and movable items used in the generation and/or supply and/or transmission of electricity
other than Apparatus.

Other Authorised Distributor

A User authorised by Licence or exemption to distribute electricity and having a User
Distribution System connected to the DNO’s Distribution System.

Quality Factor, Qf
A measure of the strength of resonance of the Islanding test load.

NOTE: In a parallel resonant circuit, such as a load on a power system.

Where Qf is quality factor, R is effective load resistance, C is reactive load capacitance (including
shunt capacitors), and L is reactive load inductance.

On a power system with active power, P, and reactive powers, QL, for inductive load, and QC for
capacitive load, Qf can be determined by:

Where P is active power, in W, QL is inductive load, in VAr, and QC is capacitive load, in VAr.

Small Scale Embedded Generator (SSEG)

A Generating Unit together with any associated interface equipment, if required, (eg
Inverter(s)) that can be used independently, rated up to and including 16A per phase, single or
multi-phase 230/400V AC and designed to operate in parallel with a public low voltage
Distribution System. 16A is equivalent to 3.68kW on a single-phase supply and 11.04kW on
a three-phase supply. Where the SSEG includes an Inverter its rating is deemed to be the
Inverter’s continuous steady state rating.

Supplier
(a) A person supplying electricity under an Electricity Supply Licence; or

(b) A person supplying electricity under exemption under the Act; in each case acting in its
capacity as a Supplier of electricity to Customers.

System
An electrical network running at various voltages .
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Type Tested
An SSEG design which has been tested by the Manufacturer, component manufacturer or
supplier, or a third party, to ensure that the design meets the requirements of this Engineering
Recommendation, and for which the Manufacturer has declared that all products supplied will
be constructed to the same standards, and with the same protection settings as the tested
product.

User
A term used in various sections of the Distribution Code to refer to the persons using the DNO’s
Distribution System.
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5 Connection, Protection & Testing Requirements

5.1 Connection Procedure

5.1.1 Single Premises Connection Procedure

In most instances the installation of a single SSEG or multiple SSEGs (provided that the
aggregate installed capacity is no greater than 16A per phase) within a single Customer’s
Installation, connected in parallel with the public Distribution System, will have negligible
impact on the operation of the Distribution System; as such there will be no need for the
DNO to carry out detailed network studies to assess the impact of the connection. A s
r e q u i r e d b y t h e ESQCR Certificate of Exemption (2008) (see Appendix 6) the Installer
shall provide the DNO with all necessary information on the installation no later than 28 days
after the SSEG(s) have been commissioned; the format and content shall be as shown in
Appendix 3.

This procedure will not apply where an Installer plans (within the next 28 days) or has already
installed (in the previous 28 days) other SSEGs in a Close Geographic Region; in this case
the procedure in 5.1.2 shall be followed. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to the
disconnection of the Customer’s Installation under ESQCR (26) or failure of the SSEG to
operate as intended.

5.1.2 Multiple Premises Connection Procedure

In the case of projects where the proposal is to install single or multiple SSEGs in a number of
Customers Installations in a Close Geographic Region, the Installer shall discuss the
installation project with the local DNO at the earliest opportunity. The DNO will need to assess
the impact that these connections may have on the network and specify conditions for
connection. The initial application will need to be in a format similar to that shown in
Appendix 2. Connection of the SSEG is only allowed after the application for connection has
been approved by the DNO and any DNO works facilitating the connection have been
completed. Confirmation of the commissioning of each SSEG system will need to be made no
later than 28 days after commissioning; the format and content shall be as shown in Appendix
3.
5.2 Installation Wiring and Isolation
The installation that connects the SSEG to the Exit Point shall comply with the requirements
of BS 7671. All wiring between the Exit Point and the SSEG shall be protected by a suitably
rated protective device; and shall be of suitable size and type for the rating of the SSEG. The
SSEG(s) shall be connected via an accessible isolation switch that is capable of isolating all
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
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Page 14

phases and neutral. The isolation switch shall be capable of being secured in the ‘off’ (isolated)
position.

5.3 Interface Protection

The purpose of the Interface Protection is to ensure that the connection of a SSEG system will
not impair the integrity or degrade the safety of the DNO’s Distribution System. The interface
protection may be located in a separate unit or integrated into the SSEG (the Inverter in the
case of technologies which connect via an Inverter).
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The DNO is responsible under the Distribution Code for ensuring, by design, that the voltage
and frequency at the Connection Point remains within statutory limits. The G83 Interface
Protection settings have been chosen to allow for voltage rise or drop within the Customer’s
Installation and to allow the SSEG to continue to operate outside of the statutory frequency
range as required in the Distribution Code.

5.3.1 Interface Protection Settings and Test Requirements

Interface Protection shall be installed which disconnects the SSEG system from the DNO’s
Distribution System when any parameter is outside of the settings shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Protection Settings

Protection Function Trip Setting Trip Delay Setting (Time)
U/V stage 1 Vφ-n† -13% = 200.1V 2.5s
U/V stage 2 Vφ-n† - 20% = 184V 0.5s
O/V stage 1 Vφ-n† +14% = 262.2V 1.0s
O/V stage 2 Vφ-n†+ 19% = 273.7V3 0.5s
U/F stage 1 47.5Hz 20s
U/F stage 2 47Hz 0.5s
O/F stage 1 51.5Hz 90s
O/F stage 2 52 Hz 0.5s
Loss of Mains*¶ 1.0 Hzs-1 0.5s
(RoCoF)
† A value of 230V phase to neutral
* Other forms of Loss of Mains techniques may be utilised but the aggregate of the protection operating time,
disconnection device operating time and trip delay setting shall not exceed 1.0 second.
¶
The required protection requirement is expressed in Hertz per second (Hzs-1). The time delay should begin when
the measured RoCoF exceeds the threshold expressed in Hz/s. The time delay should be reset if measured RoCoF
falls below that threshold. The relay must not trip unless the measured rate remains above the threshold expressed
in Hzs-1 continuously for 500ms. Setting the number of cycles on the relay used to calculate the RoCoF is not an
acceptable implementation of the time delay since the relay would trip in less than 500ms if the system RoCoF was
significantly higher than the threshold.

The total disconnection time for voltage and frequency protection including the operating time
of the disconnection device shall be the trip delay setting with a tolerance of, -0 s + 0.5s.
For the avoidance of doubt voltage and frequency excursions lasting less than the trip delay
setting shall not result in disconnection.

—————————
3 For grid surge voltages greater than 230V +19% which are present for periods of <0.5s the SSEG is permitted to
reduce/cease exporting in order to protect the equipment.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 15

All settings shall be applied as shown in the above table, so that they can be inspected if required
by the DNO to confirm that the settings are correct. Only devices that have protection settings
set and locked during manufacture can be considered as Type Tested.

The Manufacturer needs to establish a secure way of displaying the settings in one of the
following ways.

a) A display on a screen which can be read;

b) A display on a PC which can communicate with the device and confirm that it is the
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correct device by means of a serial number permanently fixed to the device and visible
on the PC screen at the same time as the settings;
c) Display of all settings including nominal voltage and current outputs, alongside the
serial number of the device, permanently fixed to the device.

The provision of loose documents, documents attached by cable ties etc, a statement that the
device conforms to a standard, or provision of data on adhesive paper based products which
are not likely to survive due to fading, or failure of the adhesive, for at least 20 years is not
acceptable.

The Manufacturer must ensure that the Interface Protection is capable of measuring voltage
to an accuracy of ± 1.5% of the nominal value (± 3.45V) and of measuring frequency to ± 0.2%
of the nominal value (± 0.1Hz) across its operating range of voltage, frequency and temperature .

The SSEG shall be designed to withstand without adverse effect, voltage and frequency
variations within the settings shown in Table 1 plus the measurement error inherent in the
device itself.

In response to a protection operation the SSEG system shall be automatically disconnected

from the DNO’s Distribution System, this disconnection must be achieved preferably by the
separation of mechanical contacts or alternatively by the operation of a suitably rated solid
state switching device. Where a solid state switching device is used to afford disconnection of
the SSEG, the switching device shall incorporate fail safe monitoring to check the voltage level
at its output stage. In the event that the solid state switching device fails to disconnect the
SSEG, the voltage on the output side of the switching device shall be reduced to a value below
50 volts within 0.5 seconds of the protection and trip delay timer operation.
The protection function can either be incorporated within the SSEG system or afforded by
separate devices. In either case the Interface Protection shall meet the requirements of BS
EN 60255 or equivalent standard and comply with all other relevant standards as described in
the appropriate annex. Where these standards have more than one part, the requirements of all
such parts shall be satisfied, so far as they are applicable.

The Interface Protection shall function correctly, ie operate within the required tolerance range
as given in the relevant annex, across the expected range of ambient operating temperatures
and other environmental factors.

Once the SSEG has been installed and commissioned the protection settings shall only be
altered following written agreement between the DNO and the Customer or his agent.
5.3.2 Loss of Mains Protection
Loss of mains protection shall be incorporated and tested as defined in the relevant annex.
Active methods which use impedance measuring techniques by drawing current pulses from
or injecting AC currents into the DNO’s system are not considered to be suitable. For
SSEGs which generate on more than one phase, the loss of mains protection should be able to
detect the loss of a single phase of the supply network. This should be tested during type testing
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 16

and recorded on in Appendix 4.

5.3.3 Frequency Drift and Step Change Stability Test

Under normal operation of the network the frequency changes over time due to continuous
unbalance of load and generation or can see a step change due to the loss of a network
component which does not cause a loss of supply.

In order to ensure that the phenomena do not cause un-necessary tripping of SSEG, stability
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Type Tests shall be carried out.

The Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and Vector Shift values required for this test are
marginally less than the corresponding protection settings for RoCoF protection in Table 1 and
vector shifts of up to 50º. Both stability tests shall be carried out in all cases.

The stability tests are to be carried out as per the table in Appendix 4 of this document and the
generator should remain connected during each and every test.

 RoCoF - 0.95 Hz per second in the range 49.0Hz to 51.0Hz on both rising and falling
frequency
 Vector shift - 50º plus from 49.5Hz and 50º minus from 50.5Hz

5.3.4 Automatic Reconnection

Some Distribution Systems employ automatic Circuit Breakers that trip and re-close when
a fault is detected. In order to prevent a SSEG being damaged by a DNO Circuit Breaker
automatically closing and consequently energising a SSEG when it is out of synchronism with
the rest of the system, the protection system shall ensure that the SSEG remains disconnected
from the DNO’s Distribution System until the voltage and frequency on the DNO’s
Distribution System have remained within the limits of Table 1 for a minimum of 20 seconds4.
5.4 Quality of Supply
The connection of the SSEG in parallel with a DNO’s Distribution System shall not impair the
quality of supply provided by the DNO to the User or any other Customer. In this respect the
SSEG shall comply with the requirements of the EMC Directive and in particular the product
family emission standards listed in Table 2.

Table 2 Basic Emission Standards

Parameter SSEG rating Standard Class

Harmonics ≤ 16 A EN 61000-3-2 Class A

Voltage fluctuations ≤ 16 A EN 61000-3-3 dmax = 4%
and Flicker

These standards were written on the basis that only a small number of devices would be installed
on an LV network and / or that the duration of operation would be short and therefore permits a
large diversity factor to be used.

—————————
4 Reference in accordance with BS EN 50438 (2007)
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 17

SSEGs are likely to be installed in large numbers on LV networks and they are likely to operate
for long periods with no diversity between them, and adjacent SSEGs are likely to be of the
same technology. Therefore in order to accommodate a high number of SSEGs on a network
the following procedures need to be applied when testing for harmonic current emissions and
flicker.

5.4.1 Testing for Harmonic emissions.

The test must be carried out with a minimum of 2kW of rated SSEGs. Where an individual SSEG
is smaller than 2kW it should be tested as a group. However where a SSEG is designed to be
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installed singly in an installation then this can be tested alone, for example a domestic CHP unit.
The maximum group size for the test is 3.68kW.

The results for all Inverters should be normalised to a rating of 3.68kW. The SSEG or group
shall meet the harmonic emissions of table 1 in BS EN 61000-3-2 with a scaling factor applied
as follows for each harmonic current;

Table 1 current limit × rating of SSEG being tested (kW) per phase / 3.68

5.4.2 Testing for flicker

The test must be carried out with a minimum of 2kW of rated SSEGs. Where an individual SSEG
is smaller than 2kW it should be tested as a group. However where a SSEG is designed to be
installed singly in an installation then this can be tested alone, for example a domestic CHP unit.
The maximum group size for the test is 3.68kW.

The SSEG or group shall meet the required dmax, dc, d(t), Pst, Plt requirements of BS EN 61000-
3-3 with a scaling factor applied as follows for each voltage change component.

dmax, dc, d(t), Pst, Plt × rating of SSEG being tested (kW) per phase / 3.68

The results for groups of Inverters should be normalised to a rating of 3.68kW and to the
standard source impedance. Single Inverters need to be normalised to the standard source
impedance, these normalised results need to comply with the limits set out in Appendix 4.

For voltage change and flicker measurements the following simplified formula is to be used to
convert the measured values to the normalised values where the power factor of the generation
output is 0.98 or above. Where it is less than 0.98 then compliance with the full requirements of
BS EN 61000-3-3 is required.

Normalised value = Measured value × reference source resistance/measured source resistance

at test point.

And for units which are tested as a group.

Normalised value = Measured value × reference source resistance/measured source resistance
at test point × 3.68/rating per phase.

Single phase units reference source resistance is 0.4 ohms

Two phase units in a three phase system reference source resistance is 0.4 ohms
Two phase units in a split phase system reference source resistance is 0.24 ohms
Three phase units reference source resistance is 0.24 ohms.
The stopping test should be a trip from full load generation.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 18

The duration of these tests need to comply with the particular requirements set out in the testing
notes for the technology under test and can be found in annex C.

The dates and location of the tests need to be noted in Appendix 4

Note: For wind turbines, flicker testing should be carried out during the performance tests
specified in IEC 61400-12-1. Flicker data should be recorded from wind speeds of 1m/s below
cut-in to 1.5 times 85% of the rated power. The wind speed range should be divided into
contiguous bins of 1m/s centred on multiples of 1m/s. The dataset shall be considered complete
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when each bin includes a minimum of 10 minutes of sampled data. The highest value of each
parameter measured across the entire range of tests shall be recorded.

Note that as an alternative to Type Testing the supplier of a SSEG incorporating an Inverter
may give a guarantee that rates of change of output do not exceed the following ramp rate limits.
Output needs to ramp up at a constant rate
This exception to site testing does not apply to devices where the output changes in steps of
over 30ms rather than as a ramp function, a site test is required for these units.

Single phase units and two phase units in a three phase system, maximum ramp up rate 333
watts per second;
Two phase units in a split phase system and three phase units, maximum ramp up rate 860
watts per second.

It should be noted that units complying with this declaration are likely to be less efficient at
capturing energy during times when the energy source is changing.

For technologies other than wind turbines, testing should ensure that the controls or automatic
programs used produce the most unfavourable sequence of voltage changes.

5.5 DC Injection

The effects of, and therefore limits for, DC currents injected in the DNO’s Distribution System
is an area under current investigation by DNOs. Until these investigations are concluded the
upper limit for DC injection is 0.25% of AC current rating per phase. Where a SSEG is designed
to be installed singly in an installation, for example a domestic CHP unit, then this DC injection
limit can be a maximum value of 20mA for sub 2kW SSEG and can be tested alone,. Where
SSEGs are designed such that multiple units may be installed in an installation for example roof
mounted wind turbines and PV with micro Inverters on each panel, then they should be tested
as a group of at least 2kW and with a maximum group size of 4kW. Tests are to be carried out
a three power levels plus or minus 5%.

At 230V a 2kW single phase Inverter has a current output of 8.7A so DC limit is 21.75mA; a
10kW three phase Inverter has a current output of 14.5A per phase which is equivalent to a
total of 43.5A at 230V so DC limit is 108.75mA.

Where necessary the DC emission requirements can also be satisfied by installing an isolating
transformer between the Inverter and the connection to the DNO’s Distribution System.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 19

5.6 Power Factor

When operating at rated power the SSEG shall operate at a power factor within the range
0.95 lagging to 0.95 leading relative to the voltage waveform unless otherwise agreed with the
DNO eg for power factor improvement.

5.7 Short Circuit Current Contribution

5.7.1 Directly Coupled Generation

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The Manufacturer shall establish the maximum short circuit current contribution from the
SSEG and the conditions under which this exists. This information shall be provided to the
DNO by the Installer as part of the commissioning notification as per Appendix 3.
One method for determining the short circuit current contribution is described below.

The short circuit current contribution of the SSEG shall be measured upon application of a
short circuit on the SSEG terminals (all phases / phase to neutral) with the SSEG operating
at rated output steady state conditions.
Current measurements shall be taken from application of fault until the time the fault has
been disconnected, following operation of the SSEG protection. A current decay plot shall be
produced for each phase from inception of the fault until SSEG has been disconnected – trip
time. The plot will need to show the highest value of peak short circuit current, eg for a SSEG
supplying a purely inductive load the highest value of peak short circuit current will result when
the fault is applied at a voltage zero. Where practicable the tests will need to determine values
for all of the relevant parameters listed in Table 3.

These parameters are described in IEC 60909-1, whilst this standard is primarily for three-
phase generators the methodology for determining these parameters can be applied to single-
phase generators.

Table 3. SSEG Short Circuit Parameters

Parameter Symbol Method of Determination

Peak short-circuit current ip Direct measurement
Initial value of aperiodic component A Direct measurement
Initial symmetrical short-circuit current Interpolation of plot
Ik”
Decaying (aperiodic) component of short- circuit idc Interpolation of plot
current & calculation
Reactance / Resistance ratio of source X/ Calculation
R

5.7.2 Inverter Connected Generation

Inverter connected SSEGs generally have small short circuit fault contributions.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 20

However DNOs need to understand the contribution that they do make to system fault levels in
order to determine that they can continue to safely operate without exceeding design fault levels
for switchgear and other circuit components.

As the output from an Inverter reduces to zero when a short circuit is applied to its terminals, a
short circuit test does not represent the worst case scenario; in most cases the voltage will not
collapse to zero for a network fault.

A test which ensures that at least 10% of nominal voltage remains and which allows the SSEG
to feed into a load with an X to R ratio of 2.5 is specified as details in Annex A4.6 for common
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Inverter requirements.

5.8 Voltage Unbalance

There is no requirement to balance phases on installations below or equal to 16A per phase.

For multiple installations of SSEGs (eg in new housing developments), balancing the SSEGs
evenly against the load on the three phases will need to be considered by the DNO.

5.9 Certification Requirements

5.9.1 General
Type Tested certification is the responsibility of the SSEG Manufacturer. The requirements are
detailed in Appendix 4.

5.9.2 Compliance
The SSEG shall comply with all relevant European Directives and should be labelled with a CE
marking.

5.9.3 Verification Test Report

The Manufacturer shall make available upon request a verification test report confirming that
the SSEG has been Type Tested to satisfy the requirements of this Engineering
Recommendation. The report shall detail the type and model of SSEG tested, the test
conditions and results recorded. All of these details shall be included on a test sheet. The
required test sheet and declaration is shown in Appendix 4.

6 Operation and Safety

6.1 Operational Requirements

In all cases the User shall ensure that the SSEG system is so installed, designed and operated
to maintain at all times, compliance with the requirements of ESQCR 22(1) (a).

6.2 Labelling
The Installer shall provide labelling at the Exit Point (Fused Cut Out), meter position, consumer
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 21

unit and at all points of isolation between the Exit Point and the SSEG within the User’s
premises to indicate the presence of a SSEG. The labelling should be sufficiently robust and if
necessary fixed in place to ensure that it remains legible and secure for the lifetime of the
installation. The following sign shall be used.
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WARNING Do not work on this equipment until it is isolated from

Dual Supply both mains and on site generation supplies

Isolate on-site Generating Unit(s) at ………………………………………………….

Isolate mains supply at………………………………………………………
Warning – Only persons authorised by the DNO may remove the main cut out fuse

Figure 1 Warning Label

Note: The safety sign does not imply a right on the Customer, User, Installer or maintainer to
operate (remove / replace) the DNO’s cut-out fuse.

In addition to the safety labelling, this Engineering Recommendation requires the following, up
to date, information to be displayed at the point of interconnection with the DNO’s
Distribution System.

a) A circuit diagram relevant to the installation showing the circuit wiring, including all
protective devices, between the SSEG and the DNOs fused cut-out. This diagram should
also show by whom all apparatus is owned and maintained;

b) A summary of the protection settings incorporated within the equipment.

Figure 2 shows an outline example of the type of circuit diagram that will need to be displayed.
Figure 2 is non-prescriptive and is for illustrative purposes only.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 22

Customers Installation

Generation DC DP AC DP Feed In Tariff Lockable DP Consumer

Unit Isolator Inverter
Isolator Meter AC Isolator Unit

off on off on off on

Equipment Equipment Location: Equipment Location:

Location:
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Export
Meter Meter
Operator’s
Installation

The device generating electricity is the “Generation Unit”

Import
The Generation Unit and Inverter together with the Meter
associated interface equipment is the SSEG

Equipment Location:
Outside Meter Box

DNO’s
Distribution
System Cut-out

Equipment Location:
Outside Meter Box

Figure 2 - Example of the type of circuit diagram

The Installer shall advise the User that it is the User’s responsibility to ensure that this safety
information is kept up to date. The installation operating instructions shall contain the
Manufacturer’s contact details eg name, telephone number and web address.

6.3 Maintenance & Routine Testing

Periodic testing of the SSEG is recommended at intervals prescribed by the Manufacturer.
This information shall be included in the installation and User Instructions. The method of
testing and/or servicing should be included in the servicing instructions.

6.4 Earthing
When a SSEG is operating in parallel with a DNO’s Distribution System there shall be no
direct connection between the SSEG current carrying conductors and earth with the following
exception;

For a SSEG which is designed to operate in parallel with a DNO’s Distribution System
but which is connected via an Inverter (eg a PV array or fuel cell) it is permissible to connect
one pole of the DC side of the Inverter to the DNO’s earth terminal if the insulation between
the AC and the DC sides of the Inverter meets the requirements for at least simple separation.
The requirements for simple separation are those given in Section 5.3.3 of BS EN 60664-1 for
basic insulation. In such cases the Installer and Manufacturer shall take all reasonable
precautions to ensure that the SSEG system will not impair the integrity of the DNO’s
Distribution System and will not suffer unacceptable damage for all credible operating
conditions, including faults on the DNO’s Distribution System. In all cases the level of DC
injection should not exceed that detailed under clause 5.5.

Earthing of all exposed conductive parts shall comply with the requirements of BS 7671.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 23

7 Commissioning/Decommissioning and Acceptance Testing

7.1 General
The information required by a DNO under an Application for Connection is shown in Appendix
2. The information required by a DNO to confirm commissioning is shown in Appendix 3.
It is the responsibility of the Installer to ensure that the relevant information is forwarded to the
local DNO in accordance with the requirements of 5.1.1 and/or 5.1.2 as appropriate. The pro
forma in Appendices 2 and 3 are designed to:
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a) simplify the connection procedure for both DNO and SSEG Installer;

b) provide the DNO with all the information required to assess the potential
impact of the SSEG connection on the operation of the network;

c) inform the DNO that the SSEG installation complies with the requirements of this
Engineering Recommendation;

d) allow the DNO to accurately record the location of all SSEGs connected to
the network.

Compliance with the requirements detailed in the relevant annex in addition to those cited in
sections 5 and 6 will ensure that the SSEG is considered to be approved for connection to the
DNO’s Distribution System. It is intended that the Manufacturers of SSEG systems will use
the requirements of this Engineering Recommendation to develop type verification certification
for each of their SSEG models.

Upon receipt of a multiple premises connection application the DNO’s response will be in
accordance with the electricity generation standards set by the Authority for applications for
connection to the network.

7.2 Installation and Commissioning

The installation shall be carried out by Installers who are competent and have sufficient skills,
and training (complete with recognised and approved qualifications relating to the fuels used and
general electrical installations) to apply safe methods of work to install a SSEG in compliance with
this Engineering Recommendation.

Notwithstanding the requirements of this Engineering Recommendation, the installation will be

carried out to no lower a standard than that required in the Manufacturer’s installation
instructions.

No parameter relating to the electrical connection and subject to type verification certification
will be modified unless previously agreed in writing between the DNO and the Customer or
his agent. User access to such parameters shall be prevented.

As part of the on-site commissioning tests the Installer shall carry out a functional check of
the loss of mains protection, for example by removing the supply to the SSEG during operation
and checking that the Interface Protection operates to disconnect the SSEG from the DNO’s
Distribution System. For three phase installations this test can be achieved by opening a three
phase Circuit Breaker or isolator and confirming that the SSEG has shut down. Testing for the
loss of a single phase is covered in the type testing of Inverters see section 5.3.2
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 24

7.3 Notification of Commissioning

In accordance with ESQCR and HSE Certificate of Exemption (2008) (see Appendix 6) the
Installer shall ensure that the DNO is advised of the intention to use the SSEG in parallel with
the network no later than 28 days (inclusive of the day of commissioning), after commissioning
the SSEG. Notification that the SSEG has been connected / commissioned is achieved by
completing a commissioning form as per Appendix 3, which also includes the relevant details on
the SSEG installation required by the DNO

7.4 Notification of Changes

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If during the lifetime of the SSEG it is necessary to replace a major component of the SSEG, it
is only necessary to notify the DNO if the operating characteristics of the SSEG or the
Interface Protection have been altered when compared against the unit that was originally
commissioned.

7.5 Notification of Decommissioning

In the event that a SSEG system is to be decommissioned and will no longer operate as a
source of electrical energy in parallel with the DNO’s Distribution System, the User shall notify
the DNO by providing the information as detailed under Appendix 5.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 25

Appendix 1 Connection Procedure Flow Chart - for installations with aggregate

capacities of 16A per phase or less and using Type Tested equipment. For installations with
aggregate capacity in excess of 16A per phase or using non Type Tested equipment see the
current version of G59.

NOTE: The processes shown here only refer to the interface between the Installer and the DNO. It may also be
necessary for the Installer / User to inform the relevant Meter Operator and Supplier that a SSEG has been
installed.

Connecting SSEG(s) in a single premises Connecting SSEG(s) in multiple premises

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Single/multiple SSEGs
Planned installation of
within a single
multiple SSEGs in the
Customer’s Installation.
same Close Geographic
Region.

Installer submits Application

Pro-forma to local DNO.
(Appendix 2)

DNO assesses impact of connection

and where necessary carries out
network designs.

DNO confirms connection

requirements with the Installer.

SSEG installed and commissioned SSEG installed and commissioned in

in accordance with G83. DNO accordance with G83 DNO notified
notified and provided with and provided with installation
installation information as per information as per Appendix 3 no
Appendix 3 no later than 28 days later than 28 days after
after commissioning (see Appendix commissioning (see Appendix 6)
6)
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 26

Appendix 2 Application for Connection

SSEG Application for connection of multiple G83/2-2 installations

To ABC electricity distribution DNO or IDNO
99 West St, Imaginary Town, ZZ99 9AA [email protected]

Installer Details

Installer
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Accreditation/Qualification:

Address

Post Code

Contact person

Telephone Number

E-mail address

Proposed SSEG Details.

Address Post MPAN SSEG installed Type

Code capacity in kW at Testing
230V AC Ref No
PH1 PH2 PH3

Use continuation sheet where more than 10 SSEGs are to be installed.

Please include an electronic map with the location of each property highlighted in red.
Record SSEG capacities, in rated output kW at 230V AC, to one decimal place, under PH1 for single phase supplies
and under the relevant phase for two and three phase supplies. For example 2.8kW
Detail on a separate sheet if there are any proposals to limit export to a lower figure than that of the SSEG.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
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Appendix 3 SSEG Installation Commissioning Confirmation

G83/2-2 SSEG INSTALLATION COMMISSIONING CONFIRMATION

In accordance with ESQCR and HSE Certificate of Exemption (2008) (see Appendix 6) the Installer is
required to advise the DNO of the intention to use the SSEG in parallel with the network no later than 28 days
(inclusive of the day of commissioning), after commissioning the SSEG
To ABC electricity distribution DNO or IDNO
99 West St, Imaginary Town, ZZ99 9AA [email protected]

SSEG installation address details

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Name of Customer at Site

Customer contact telephone
Site address

Post Code
MPAN
SSEG owner if different from above
Name and
Contact Address

Including Post Code

Contact telephone number
SSEG Details
Note only technologies with Type Tested equipment can be installed under G83.
Capacities phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 Type test ref Primary energy source.
in kW in kW in kW only for new please enter code from table below.
installations
New/Existing
New/Existing
New/Existing
New/Existing
The Maximum aggregate capacity of SSEGs installed in a single customer’s installation under
G83 is 3.68kW per phase at 230V AC.
Identify above new SSEG installations and existing installations at the site which have not been de-commissioned as of the date
of this declaration. Use a separate line for new and existing installations and for different Primary Energy sources above. For
installations above 3.68kW per phase the separate G59 process applies and the DNO needs to be consulted before any
installation is undertaken. Use ph 1 column for single phase supply
I confirm that the new SSEGs noted above has/have been installed and commissioned to comply with
the requirements of G83/2-2 as required by The Distribution Code. I enclose a copy of the circuit
diagram which has been left on site at the customers incoming meter location.
Name Signed Date
On behalf of Installer
Accreditation / Qualification
Installer address

Post code
Contact person
Telephone number
E:mail address
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 28

Primary Energy Source Code Primary Energy Source Code

Solar PV 1 Wind 2

Hydro (run of river) 3 Hydro (reservoir) 4

Biomass 5 Other Renewable 6

Fossil gas 7 Waste 8

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Fossil coal gas 9 Fossil oil 10

Fossil oil shale 11 Fossil peat 12

Geothermal 13 Fossil brown coal/lignite 14

Fossil hard coal 15 Hydro pumped storage 16

Marine 17 Nuclear 18

Offshore wind 19 Other 20

Other – battery storage 21 Other – storage - not 22

battery
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 29

Appendix 4 Type Verification Test Report

Type Approval and manufacturer/supplier declaration of compliance with the requirements of

Engineering Recommendation G83/2-2.

SSEG Type reference number

SSEG Type
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System Supplier name

Address

Tel Fax

E:mail Web site

Connection Option
kW single phase, single, split or three phase system
Maximum rated kW three phase
capacity, use separate
sheet if more than one kW two phases in three phase system
connection option.
kW two phases split phase system

SSEG manufacturer/supplier declaration.

I certify on behalf of the company named above as a manufacturer/supplier of Small Scale
Embedded Generators, that all products manufactured/supplied by the company with the
above SSEG Type reference number will be manufactured and tested to ensure that they
perform as stated in this Type Verification Test Report, prior to shipment to site and that no
site modifications are required to ensure that the product meets all the requirements of
G83/2-2.
Signed On behalf of

Note that testing can be done by the manufacturer of an individual component, by an external
test house, or by the supplier of the complete system, or any combination of them as
appropriate.
Where parts of the testing are carried out by persons or organisations other than the supplier
then the supplier shall keep copies of all test records and results supplied to them to verify
that the testing has been carried out by people with sufficient technical competency to carry
out the tests.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 30

Power Quality. Harmonics. The requirement is specified in section 5.4.1, test procedure in
Annex A or B 1.4.1
SSEG rating per phase (rpp) kW NV=MV x 3.68/rpp

Harmonic At 45-55% of rated 100% of rated output

output
Measured Normalised Measured Normalised Limit in Higher limit for
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Value Value Value Value BS EN odd harmonics

(MV) in (NV) in (MV) in (NV) in 61000- 21 and above
Amps Amps Amps Amps 3-2 in
Amps
2
1.080
3
2.300
4
0.430
5
1.140
6
0.300
7
0.770
8
0.230
9
0.400
10
0.184
11
0.330
12
0.153
13
0.210
14
0.131
15
0.150
16
0.115
17
0.132
18
0.102
19
0.118
20
0.092
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 31

21
0.160
0.107
22
0.084
23 0.147
0.098
24
0.077
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25 0.135
0.090
26
0.071
27 0.124
0.083
28
0.066
29 0.117
0.078
30
0.061
31 0.109
0.073
32
0.058
33 0.102
0.068
34
0.054
35 0.096
0.064
36
0.051
37 0.091
0.061
38
0.048
39 0.087
0.058
40
0.046
Note the higher limits for odd harmonics 21 and above are only allowable under certain
conditions, if these higher limits are utilised please state the exemption used as detailed in
part 6.2.3.4 of BS EN 61000-3-2 in the box below.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 32

Power Quality. Voltage fluctuations and Flicker. The requirement is specified in section
5.4.2, test procedure in Annex A or B 1.4.3
Starting Stopping Running
dmax dc d(t) dmax dc d(t) Pst Plt 2 hours

Measured
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Values
Normalised
to standard
impedance
and 3.68kW
for multiple
units
Limits set 4% 3.3% 3.3% 4% 3.3% 3.3% 1.0 0.65
under BS EN 500ms 500ms
61000-3-2

Test start date Test end date

Test location

Power quality. DC injection. The requirement is specified in section 5.5, test procedure in
Annex A or B 1.4.4
Test power 10% 55% 100%
level
Recorded
value
as % of
rated AC
current
Limit 0.25% 0.25% 0.25%

Power Quality. Power factor. The requirement is specified in section 5.6, test procedure
in Annex A or B 1.4.2
216.2V 230V 253V Measured at three voltage levels and at
full output. Voltage to be maintained
Measured within ±1.5% of the stated level during the
value test.
Limit >0.95 >0.95 >0.95
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 33

Protection. Frequency tests The requirement is specified in section 5.3.1, test procedure in
Annex A or B 1.3.3
Function Setting Trip test “No trip tests”
Frequency Time Frequency Time Frequency Confirm no trip
delay delay /time
U/F stage 1 47.5Hz 20s 47.7Hz
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25s
U/F stage 2 47Hz 0.5s 47.2Hz
19.98s
46.8Hz
0.48s
O/F stage 1 51.5Hz 90s 51.3Hz
95s
O/F stage 2 52Hz 0.5s 51.8Hz
89.98s
52.2Hz
0.48s

Protection. Voltage tests The requirement is specified in section 5.3.1, test procedure in
Annex A or B 1.3.2
Function Setting Trip test “No trip tests”
Voltage Time Voltage Time Voltage Confirm no trip
delay delay /time
U/V stage 1 200.1V 2.5s 204.1V
3.5s
U/V stage 2 184V 0.5s 188V
2.48s
180V
0.48s
O/V stage 1 262.2V 1.0s 258.2V
2.0s
O/V stage 2 273.7V 0.5s 269.7V
0.98s
277.7V
0.48s
Note for Voltage tests the Voltage required to trip is the setting ±3.45V. The time delay can
be measured at a larger deviation than the minimum required to operate the protection. The
No trip tests need to be carried out at the setting ±4V and for the relevant times as shown in
the table above to ensure that the protection will not trip in error.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 34

Protection. Loss of Mains test. The requirement is specified in section 5.3.2, test
procedure in Annex A or B 1.3.4
To be carried out at three output power levels with a tolerance of plus or minus 5% in Test
Power levels.
Test Power 10% 55% 100% 10% 55% 100%
Balancing load 95% of 95% of 95% of 105% of 105% of 105% of
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on islanded SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG

network output output output output output output
Trip time. Limit is
0.5 seconds
For Multi phase SSEGs confirm that the device shuts down correctly after the removal of a
single fuse as well as operation of all phases.
Test Power 10% 55% 100% 10% 55% 100%
Balancing load 95% of 95% of 95% of 105% of 105% of 105% of
on islanded SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG
network output output output output output output
Trip time. Ph1
fuse removed
Test Power 10% 55% 100% 10% 55% 100%
Balancing load 95% of 95% of 95% of 105% of 105% of 105% of
on islanded SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG
network output output output output output output
Trip time. Ph2
fuse removed
Test Power 10% 55% 100% 10% 55% 100%
Balancing load 95% of 95% of 95% of 105% of 105% of 105% of
on islanded SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG SSEG
network output output output output output output
Trip time. Ph3
fuse removed
Note for technologies which have a substantial shut down time this can be added to the 0.5
seconds in establishing that the trip occurred in less than 0.5s. Maximum shut down time
could therefore be up to 1.0 seconds for these technologies.
Indicate additional shut down time included in above results. ms

Note as an alternative, inverters can be tested to BS EN 62116. The following sub set of
tests should be recorded in the following table.
Test Power and 33% 66% 100% 33% 66% 100%
imbalance -5% Q -5% Q -5% P +5% Q +5% Q +5% P
Test 22 Test 12 Test 5 Test 31 Test 21 Test 10
Trip time. Limit is
0.5s
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 35

Protection. Frequency change, Vector Shift Stability test. The requirement is specified
in section 5.3.3, test procedure in Annex A or B 1.3.6
Start Change End Confirm no trip
Frequency Frequency
Positive Vector Shift 49.5Hz +50 degrees
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Negative Vector Shift 50.5Hz - 50 degrees

Protection. Frequency change, RoCoF Stability test. The requirement is specified in

section 5.3.3, test procedure in Annex A or B 1.3.6
Ramp range Test frequency ramp: Test Confirm no trip
Duration
49.0Hz to 51.0Hz +0.95Hzs-1 2.1s
51.0Hz to 49.0Hz -0.95Hzs-1 2.1s

Protection. Re-connection timer. The requirement is specified in section 5.3.4, test

procedure in Annex A or B 1.3.5
Test should prove that the reconnection sequence starts after a minimum delay of 20
seconds for restoration of voltage and frequency to within the stage 1 settings of table 1.
Time delay Measured Checks on no reconnection when voltage or frequency
setting delay is brought to just outside stage 1 limits of table 1.
At 266.2V At 196.1V At 47.4Hz At 51.6Hz
Confirmation that the SSEG does
not re-connect.

Fault level contribution. The requirement is specified in section 5.7, test procedure in Annex
A or B 1.4.6
For a directly coupled SSEG For a Inverter SSEG

Parameter Symbol Value Time after Volts Amps

fault
Peak Short Circuit current ip 20ms

Initial Value of aperiodic A 100ms

current
Initial symmetrical short- Ik 250ms
circuit current*
Decaying (aperiodic) iDC 500ms
component of short circuit
current*
X
Reactance/Resistance Ratio /R Time to In seconds
of source* trip
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 36

Self-Monitoring solid state switching The requirement is specified in section Yes/or NA

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5.3.1, No specified test requirements.

It has been verified that in the event of the solid state switching device failing
to disconnect the SSEG, the voltage on the output side of the switching device
is reduced to a value below 50 volts within 0.5 seconds.

Additional comments
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 37

Appendix 5 SSEG Decommissioning Confirmation

G83 SSEG DECOMMISSIONING CONFIRMATION

SSEG de-commissioning form and declaration, to be provided to the DNO by the installer no
later than 28 days after de-commissioning all, or some of the SSEGs in a Customer’s
Installation.
To ABC electricity distribution DNO or IDNO
99 West St, Imaginary Town, ZZ99 9AA [email protected]
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Electricity Customer at site

Customer contact telephone
SSEG Site address

Post Code
MPAN

SSEG owner if different from

above
Contact Address

Contact telephone number

Details of installation
Removed Capacity Capacity Capacity
type ph 1 kW ph 2 kW ph 3 kW

Remaining Capacity Capacity Capacity

type ph 1 kW ph 2 kW ph 3 kW

I confirm that the SSEG installation noted above has been modified or totally de-
commissioned and continues to comply with the requirements of G83 as required by the
distribution code of Great Britain. I enclose a copy of the system schematic which has been
left on site at the customers incoming meter location.
Name Signed Date

On behalf of Installer
Accreditation / Qualification
Installer address

Post code
Contact person
Telephone number
E:mail address
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 38

Appendix 6 Relaxation of Commissioning Notification Timescales for SSEG:

HSE Certificate of Exemption (August 2008)

Electricity Act 1989

Health & Safety At Work Etc Act 1974

The Electricity Safety Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002

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Certificate of Exemption

1. The Health and Safety Executive, in pursuance of the powers conferred on it by section
33 of the Electricity Safety Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 (the “Regulations”)
Health & Safety At Work Etc Act 1974 ( as amended by the Legislative Reform ( Health
and Safety Executive) Order 2008) and by the Agreement dated 2 October 2006
between the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry and the Health and Safety
Commission, and being satisfied as required by regulation 33(2) hereby grants an
exemption to the person or persons installing the source of energy from the requirements
imposed by regulation 22(2)(c) of the regulations subject to the condition set out in
paragraph 2 of this certificate.

2. The condition referred to in paragraph 1 of this certificate is that in so far as Regulation

22(2)(c) of the regulations applies to a source of energy, the person or persons installing
the source of energy will ensure that the distributor is advised of the intention to use the
source of energy in parallel with network no later than 28 days (inclusive of the day of
commissioning) after commissioning the source.

This certificate shall come into force on 4 August 2008 and will remain in force until
revoked by the Health and Safety Executive by a certificate in writing.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 39

Annex A-C Guidance on Type Testing Requirements

Annex A Common Inverter Requirements.

Annex B Common Directly Coupled Requirements.

Annex C Separate Specific Technology Requirements.

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 C1. Domestic CHP

 C2. Photo-voltaic
 C3. Fuel Cells
 C4. Hydro
 C5. Wind
 C6. Energy Storage Devices

An SSEG requiring type testing must be Type Tested in relation to its grid connection type and
its energy source technology.

Annex A relates to any SSEG that uses an Inverter (or Converter) as its means of connecting
to the grid.

Annex B relates to any SSEG that during normal running operation is connected directly to the
grid.

When type testing any SSEG you must select either Annex A or Annex B as is most appropriate
to the grid connect method relating to the SSEG under test.
The SSEG may also require additional technology specific type tests as identified in Annex C,
this annex relates to the Technology relating to the energy source.

Examples

A Wind Turbine system using an Inverter (or Inverters) for connection is required to type test
using Annex A – “Common Inverter Requirements” and Annex C5 – “Wind” Separate Specific
Technology Requirements”.

A Hydro system using an induction motor connected directly to the grid is required to be Type
Tested using Annex B – “Directly Coupled Requirements” and Annex C4– “Hydro” of Annex C
- “Separate Specific Technology Requirements”.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 40

Annex A1 Common Inverter Connected SSEG Requirements

A1.1 Certification & Type Testing SSEG Requirements

This Annex describes a methodology for obtaining type certification or type verification for the
interface equipment between the Inverter connected SSEG and the distribution network.
Typically, all interface functions are contained within the Inverter and in such cases it is only
necessary to have the Inverter Type Tested. Alternatively, a package of specific separate parts
of equivalent function may also be Type Tested.
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Other Annexes containing Inverter connected equipment may make reference to the
requirements specified in this Annex.

This Annex applies for SSEG systems either with or without load management or energy
storage systems which connected on the generator side of the Inverter.

A1.2 CE Marking and Certification

The type verification procedure requires that the SSEG interface be certified to the relevant
requirements of the applicable Directives before the unit can be labelled with a CE mark. Where
the protection control is to be provided as a separate device, this must also be Type Tested
and certified to the relevant requirements of the applicable Directives before it can be labelled
with a CE mark.

Currently there are no harmonised functional standards that apply to the SSEG Interface
Protection, therefore the Inverter and any separate Interface Protection unit will require
functional Type Tested as described in this Annex, and recorded in format similar to that shown
in Appendix 4.

A1.3 Type Verification Functional Testing of the Interface Protection

Type Testing is the responsibility of the Manufacturer. This test will verify that the operation
of the SSEG Interface Protection shall result:

a) in the safe disconnection of the SSEG from the DNO’s Distribution System in
the event that the protection settings specified in table 1 are exceeded; and
b) in the SSEG remaining connected to the DNO’s Distribution System while
network conditions are:
a. within the envelope specified by the settings plus and minus the
tolerances specified for equipment operation in table 1; and
b. within the trip delay settings specified in table 1.

The Type Testing can be done by the Manufacturer of an individual component, by an external
test house, or by the supplier of the complete system, or any combination of them as appropriate.

Wherever possible the Type Testing of an Inverter designed for a particular type of SSEG
should be proved under normal conditions of operation for that technology (unless otherwise
noted).

This will require that the chosen SSEG Interface Protection is either already incorporated
into the Inverter or that the discrete device is connected to the Inverter for the loss of mains
protection test. Testing the voltage and frequency functions may be carried out on the discrete
protection device independently or on the Inverter complete.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 41

In either case it will be necessary to verify that a protection operation will disconnect the
SSEG from the DNO’s Distribution System.

A1.3.1 Disconnection times

The minimum trip delay settings, for tests in A3.2, A3.3 and A3.4, are presented in table 1.

For tests A3.2, A3.3 and A3.4, reconnection shall be checked as detailed in A3.5 below.
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A1.3.2 Over / Under Voltage

The Inverter shall be tested by operating the Inverter in parallel with a variable AC test
supply, see figure A2. Correct protection and ride-through operation shall be confirmed during
operation of the Inverter. The set points for over and under voltage at which the Inverter system
disconnects from the supply will be established by varying the AC supply voltage.

To establish a trip voltage, the test voltage should be applied in steps of ± 0.5% or less, of the
nominal voltage for a duration that is longer than the trip time delay, for example 1 second in the
case of a delay setting of 0.5 second starting at least 4V below or above the setting. The test
voltage at which this trip occurred is to be recorded. Additional tests just above and below the
trip voltage should be undertaken to show that the test is repeatable and the figure at which a
repeatable trip occurs should be recorded on the type verification test report Appendix 4 of this
Engineering Recommendation.

To establish the trip time, the test voltage should be applied starting from 4V below or above the
recorded trip voltage and should be changed to 4V above or below the recorded trip voltage in
a single step. The time taken from the step change to the SSEG tripping is to be recorded on on
the type verification test report Appendix 4 of this Engineering Recommendation.

To establish correct ride-through operation, the test voltage should be applied at each setting
plus or minus 4V and for the relevant times shown in the table in Appendix 4.

For example to test overvoltage setting stage 1 which is required to be set at nominally 262.2V
the circuit should be set up as shown below and the voltage adjusted to 254.2 volts. The
Inverter should then be powered up to export a measureable amount of energy so that it can
be confirmed that the Inverter has ceased to output energy. The variable voltage supply is
then increased in steps of no more than 0.5% of nominal (1.15V) maintaining the voltage for at
least 1.5 seconds ( trip time plus 0.5 seconds) at each voltage level. At each voltage level
confirmation that the Inverter has not tripped after the time delay is required to be taken. At the
voltage level at which a trip occurs then this should be recorded as the provisional trip
voltage. Additional tests just below and if necessary just above the provisional trip voltage will
allow the actual trip voltage to be established on a repeatable basis. This value should be
recorded. For the sake of this example the actual trip level is assumed to have been established
as being 261V. The variable voltage supply should be set to 257V the Inverter set to produce
a measureable output and then the voltage raised to 265V in a single step. The time from the
step change to the output of Inverter falling to zero should be recorded as the trip time.

The Inverter then needs to operate at 4 volts below the nominal overvoltage stage 1 setting
which is 258.2V for a period of at least 2 seconds without tripping and while producing a
measurable output. This can be confirmed as a no trip in the relevant part of Appendix 4. The
voltage then needs to be stepped up to the next level of 269.7V for a period of 0.98 seconds
and then back to 258.2V during which time the output of the relay should continue with no
interruption though it may change due to the change in voltage, this can be recorded as a no
trip for the second value. The step up and step down test needs to be done a second time with
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 42

a max value of 277.7V and with a time of 0.48 seconds. The Inverter is allowed to shut down
during this period to protect its self as allowed by note 2 of Table 1 of this document, but it must
resume production again when the voltage has been restored to 258.2V or it may continue to
produce an output during this period. There is no defined time for resumption of production but
it must be shown that restart timer has not operated so it must begin producing again in less
than 20 seconds.

Note that this philosophy should be applied to the under voltage, over and under frequency,
RoCoF and Vector shift stability tests which follow.
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Note:
(1) The frequency required to trip is the setting plus or minus 0.1Hz
(2) Measurement of operating time should be measured at a value of 0.2Hz (suggestion
– 2 x tolerance) above/below the setting to give “positive” operation
(3) The “No trip tests” need to be carried out at the relevant values and times as shown in the
table above to ensure that the protection will not trip in error.

Figure A2. SSEG Test set up – Over / Under Voltage

SSEG
Variable AC
SSEG or Inverter
Voltage Test
Simulator
Supply

A1.3.3 Over / Under Frequency

The Inverter shall be tested by operating the Inverter in parallel with a low impedance, variable
frequency test supply system, see figure A3. Correct protection and ride-through operation
should be confirmed during operation of the Inverter. The set points for over and under
frequency at which the Inverter system disconnects from the supply will be established by
varying the test supply frequency.

To establish a trip frequency, the test frequency should be applied in a slow ramp rate of less
than 0.1Hz/second, or if this is not possible in steps of 0.05Hz for a duration that is longer than
the trip time delay, for example 1 second in the case of a delay setting of 0.5 second. The test
frequency at which this trip occurred is to be recorded. Additional tests just above and below
the trip frequency should be undertaken to show that the test is repeatable and the figure at
which a repeatable trip occurs should be recorded on the type verification test report Appendix
4 of this Engineering Recommendation.

To establish the trip time, the test frequency should be applied starting from 0.3Hz below or
above the recorded trip frequency and should be changed to 0.3Hz above or below the recorded
trip frequency in a single step. The time taken from the step change to the SSEG tripping is to
be recorded on the type verification test report Appendix 4 of this Engineering Recommendation.
It should be noted that with some loss of mains detection techniques this test may result in a
faster trip due to operation of the loss of mains protection. There are two ways around this.
Firstly the loss of mains protection may be able to be turned off in order to carry out this test.
Secondly by establishing an accurate frequency for the trip a much smaller step change could
be used to initiate the trip and establish a trip time. This may require the test to be repeated
several times to establish that the time delay is correct.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
Page 43

To establish correct ride-through operation, the test frequency should be applied at each setting
plus or minus 0.2Hz and for the relevant times shown in the table in Appendix 4.

Figure A3 SSEG Test set up – Over / Under Frequency

SSEG
Variable
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SSEG or Inverter Frequency

Simulator
Test Supply

A1.3.4 Loss of Mains Protection

The tests should be carried out in accordance with BS EN 62116 and a subset of results should
be recorded as indicated in the Protection – Loss of Mains test section of Annex 4 Type Test
Verification Report.
.
A1.3.5 Re-connection

Further tests will be carried out with the three test circuits above to check the Inverter time out
feature prior to automatic network reconnection. This test will confirm that once the AC supply
voltage and frequency have returned to be within the stage 1 settings specified in table 1
following an automatic protection trip operation there is a minimum time delay of 20 seconds
before the Inverter output is restored (ie before the Inverter automatically reconnects to the
network).

A1.3.6 Frequency Drift and Step Change Stability test.

The tests will be carried out using the same circuit as specified in A1.3.3 above and following
confirmation that the SSEG has passed the under and over frequency trip tests and the under
and over frequency stability tests.

Four tests are required to be carried out with all protection functions enabled including loss of
mains. For each stability test the SSEG should not trip during the test.

For the step change test the SSEG should be operated with a measurable output at the start
frequency and then a vector shift should be applied by extending or reducing the time of a
single cycle with subsequent cycles returning to the start frequency. The start frequency
should then be maintained for a period of at least 10 seconds to complete the test. The SSEG
should not trip during this test.

For frequency drift tests the SSEG should be operated with a measurable output at the start
frequency and then the frequency changed in a ramp function at 0.95Hz per second to the end
frequency. On reaching the end frequency it should be maintained for a period of at least 10
seconds. The SSEG should not trip during this test.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
Page 44

A1.4 POWER QUALITY

A1.4.1 Harmonics

The tests should be carried out as specified in BS EN 61000-3-2 and can be undertaken with a
fixed source of energy at two power levels firstly between 45 and 55% and at 100% of maximum
export capacity.

A1.4.2 Power Factor

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The test set up shall be such that the Inverter supplies full load to the DNO’s Distribution
System via the power factor (pf) meter and the variac as shown below in figure A5. The Inverter
pf should be within the limits given in 5.6, for three test voltages 230 V –6%, 230V and 230 V
+10%.

Figure A5 SSEG Test set up – Power Factor

SSEG
DNO’s
SSEG or Inverter
p Variac Distribution
Simulator System
f

NOTE 1 For reasons of clarity the points of isolation are not shown.
NOTE 2: It is permissible to use a voltage regulator or tapped transformer to perform this test
rather than a variac as shown.

A1.4.3 Voltage Flicker

The voltage fluctuations and flicker emissions from the SSEG shall be measured in
accordance with BS EN 61000-3-3 and technology specific annex.

A1.4.4 DC Injection

The level of DC injection from the Inverter-connected PV generator in to the DNO’s

Distribution System shall not exceed the levels specified in 5.5 when measured during
operation at three levels, 10%, 55% and 100% of rating with a tolerance of plus or minus 5%.

The DC injection requirements can be satisfied by the installation of an isolation transformer

on the AC side of an Inverter-connected SSEG. A declaration that an isolating transformer is
fitted can be made in lieu of the tests noted above.

A1.4.5 Overcurrent Protection

Where appropriate the protection shall comply with the requirements of BS7671.

A1.4.6 Short Circuit Current Contribution

Inverter connected SSEG’s generally have small short circuit fault contributions however DNO’s
need to understand the contribution that they do make to system fault levels in order to
determine that they can continue to safely operate without exceeding design fault levels for
switchgear and other circuit components.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
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The following type tests shall be carried out and the results noted in Appendix 4.

Test circuit

B
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230v A
AC C DC supply
50Hz to suit
V D Inverter
inverter
under test

Test procedure

‘A’ and ‘V’ are ammeters and voltmeters used to record the test data required. Component ‘D’
is a resistive load plus resonant circuit as required for the loss of mains test as specified in BS
EN 62116 set up to absorb 100% rated output of the Inverter. Component ‘a’ is an ammeter
used to confirm that all the output from the Inverter is being absorbed by component D.
Components ‘B’ and ‘C’ are set up to provide a voltage of between 10% and 40% of nominal
when component ‘C’ carries the rated output of the Inverter in Amps.
Component ‘C’ should be short term rated to carry the load which would appear through it should
it be energised at 253V for at least 1s. Component ‘B’ is to have an impedance of between 10
and 20 ohms per phase. If components ‘B’ and ‘C’ are short time rated than an additional switch
in series with ‘B’ and ‘C’ can be inserted and arranged to be closed shortly before the main
change over switch shown on the drawing and opened at the end of the test period.
Components ‘B’ and ‘C’ are to have an X to R ratio of 2.5 to 1.

The test is carried out by setting up the Inverter and load ‘D’ to produce and then absorb full
rated output of the Inverter. When zero export is shown by ammeter ‘a’ then the changeover
switch shown is operated connecting the Inverter to the reduced voltage connection created by
components ‘B’ and ‘C’ and disconnecting if from the normal connection. The make contact is
an early make and the break contact a late break so that the inverter is not disconnected from
a mains connection for any significant time.

The values of voltage and current should be recorded for a period of up to 1 second when the
changeover switch should be returned to the normal position. The voltage and current at
relevant times shall be recorded in the type test report (Appendix 4) including the time taken for
the Inverter to trip. (It is expected that the Inverter will trip on either loss of mains or under
voltage in less than one second).

A1.4.7 Self-Monitoring - Solid State Disconnection

Some Inverters include solid state switching devices to disconnect from the DNO’s
Distribution System. In this case 5.3.1 requires the control equipment to monitor the output
stage of the Inverter to ensure that in the event of a protection initiated trip the output voltage is
either disconnected completely or reduced to a value below 50 volts AC. This shall be
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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verified either by self-certification by the Manufacturer, or additional material shall be

presented to the tester sufficient to allow an assessment to be made.

A1.4.8 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC )

All equipment shall comply with the generic EMC standards: BS EN61000-6-3: 2007
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Generic Emission Standard; and BS EN61000-6-1: 2007
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Generic Immunity Standard.
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 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
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Annex B1 Common Directly Coupled Connected SSEG Requirements

B1.1 Certification & Type Testing General Requirements

This Annex describes a methodology for obtaining type certification or type verification for the
interface equipment between a directly coupled SSEG and the distribution network. Interface
functions can be provided by either as an integrated part of the controller or by incorporating a
Type Tested protection relay.
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Other Annexes containing directly coupled equipment may make reference to the requirements
specified in this Annex.

This Annex applies for SSEG systems either with or without load management or energy storage
systems which connected on the generator side of the controller.

B1.2 CE Marking & Certification

The type verification procedure requires that the SSEG interface be certified to the relevant
requirements of the applicable Directives before the unit can be labelled with a CE mark. Where
the protection control is to be provided as a separate device, this must also be Type Tested
and certified to the relevant requirements of the applicable Directives before it can be labelled
with a CE mark.

Currently there are no harmonised functional standards that apply to the SSEG Interface
Protection, therefore the Controller and any separate Interface Protection unit will require
the functionality to be Type Tested as described in this Annex, and recorded in format similar
to that shown in Appendix 4.

B1.3 Type Verification Functional Testing of the Interface Protection

Type verification testing is the responsibility of the Manufacturer. This test will verify that the
operation of the SSEG Interface Protection shall result:

a) in the safe disconnection of the SSEG from the DNO’s Distribution System in
the event that the protection settings specified in table 1 are exceeded; and
b) in the SSEG remaining connected to the DNO’s Distribution System while
network conditions are:
a. within the envelope specified by the settings plus and minus the tolerances
specified for equipment operation in table 1; and
b. within the trip delay settings specified in table 1.

The testing can be done by the Manufacturer of an individual component, by an external test
house, or by the supplier of the complete system, or any combination of them as appropriate.

Wherever possible the type verification testing of the SSEG control system should be proved
under normal conditions of operation for that technology (unless otherwise noted).

This will require that the chosen SSEG Interface Protection is either already incorporated
into the Controller or that the discrete device is connected to the Controller for the loss of
mains protection test. Testing the voltage and frequency functions may be carried out on the
discrete protection device independently or as part of the Controller.
In either case it will be necessary to verify that a protection operation will disconnect the
SSEG from the DNO’s Distribution System
The Manufacturer must declare the ambient operating temperature range of the SSEG, and
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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verify that the Interface Protection will operate satisfactorily throughout this temperature
range.

B1.3.1 Disconnection times

The minimum trip delay settings, for tests in B3.2, B3.3 and B3.4, are presented in table 1.

For tests B3.2, B3.3 and B3.4, reconnection shall be checked as detailed in 5.3.4 as a
mechanical based system.
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In some systems it may be safer and more convenient to test the trip delay time and the
disconnection time separately. This will allow the trip delay time to be measured in a test
environment (in a similar way as you could test a protection relay). The disconnection time can
be measured in the SSEG’s normal operation, allowing accurate measurement with correct
inertia and prime mover characteristics. This is permitted providing the total disconnection time
does not exceed the value specified in section 5.3.1. When measuring the shutdown time, 5
shutdowns should be initiated, and the average time recorded.

B1.3.2 Over / Under Voltage

The Controller shall be tested by operating the Controller in parallel with a variable AC
test supply, see figure B2. Correct protection and ride-through operation shall be confirmed.
The set points for over and under voltage at which the Controller disconnects from the supply,
will be established by varying the AC supply voltage. The disconnect sequence should be
initiated when the conditions of table 1 are met, otherwise normal operation should continue.

To establish the certified trip voltage, the test voltage should be applied in steps of ± 0.5% of
setting for a duration that is longer than the trip time delay, for example 1 second in the case of
a delay setting of 0.5 second. It will be necessary to carry out five tests for each trip setting. The
test voltage at which this trip occurred is to be recorded as the certified trip voltage.

To establish the certified trip time, the test voltage should be applied starting from ± 4V below
the certified trip voltage in a step of at least ± 0.5% of setting for a duration that is longer than
the trip time delay, for example 1 second in the case of a delay setting of 0.5 second. It will be
necessary to carry out five tests for each trip setting. The longest trip time is to be recorded as
the certified trip time.

For example to test overvoltage setting stage 1 which is required to be set at nominally 262.2V
the circuit should be set up as shown below and the voltage adjusted to 254.2 volts. The
Inverter should then be powered up to export a measurable amount of energy so that it can be
confirmed that the Inverter has ceased to output energy. The variable voltage supply is then
increased in steps of no more than 0.5% of nominal (1.15V) maintaining the voltage for at least
1.5 seconds ( trip time plus 0.5 seconds) at each voltage level. At each voltage level
confirmation that the Inverter has not tripped after the time delay is required to be taken. At the
voltage level at which a trip occurs then this should be recorded as the provisional trip
voltage. Additional tests just below and if necessary just above the provisional trip voltage will
allow the actual trip voltage to be established on a repeatable basis. This value should be
recorded. For the sake of this example the actual trip level is assumed to have been established
as being 261V. The variable voltage supply should be set to 257V the Inverter set to produce
a measurable output and then the voltage raised to 265V in a single step. The time from the
step change to the output of Inverter falling to zero should be recorded as the trip time.

To establish correct ride-through operation, the test voltage should be applied at each setting
plus or minus 4V and for the relevant times shown in the table in Appendix 4.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
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Test results should be recorded on the Test Sheet shown in Appendix 4.

Figure B2.-SSEG Test set up – Over / Under Voltage

SSEG
Variable AC
Generator Controller Voltage Test
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Supply

B1.3.3 Over / Under Frequency

The protection shall be tested by operating the SSEG in parallel with a low impedance,
variable frequency test supply system, see figure B3. Correct protection and ride-through
operation should be confirmed during operation of the SSEG. The set points for over and
under frequency at which the SSEG system disconnects from the supply will be established
by varying the test supply frequency.

To establish a trip frequency, the test frequency should be applied in a slow ramp rate of less
than 0.1Hz/second, or if this is not possible in steps of 0.05Hz for a duration that is longer
than the trip time delay, for example 1 second in the case of a delay setting of 0.5 second.
The test frequency at which this trip occurred is to be recorded. Additional tests just above
and below the trip frequency should be undertaken to show that the test is repeatable and the
figure at which a repeatable trip occurs should be recorded on the type verification test report
Appendix 4 of this Engineering Recommendation.

To establish the trip time, the test frequency should be applied starting from 0.3Hz below or
above the recorded trip frequency and should be changed to 0.3Hz above or below the
recorded trip frequency in a single step. The time taken from the step change to the SSEG
tripping is to be recorded on the type verification test report Appendix 4 of this Engineering
Recommendation. It should be noted that with some loss of mains detection techniques this
test may result in a faster trip due to operation of the loss of mains protection. There are two
ways around this. Firstly the loss of mains protection may be able to be turned off in order to
carry out this test. Secondly by establishing an accurate frequency for the trip a much
smaller step change could be used to initiate the trip and establish a trip time. This may
require the test to be repeated several times to establish that the time delay is correct.

To establish correct ride-through operation, the test frequency should be applied at each
setting plus or minus 0.2Hz and for the relevant times shown in the table in Appendix 4.

Figure B3. SSEG Test set up – Over / Under Frequency

 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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SSEG
Variable
Generator Controller
Frequency
Test Supply

B1.3.4 Loss of Mains Protection

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The resonant test circuit specif ied in this test has been designed to model the interaction
of the directly coupled SSEG under test with the local load including multiple directly coupled
connected SSEGs in parallel.

The directly coupled SSEG output shall be connected to a network combining a resonant
circuit with a Q factor of >0.5 and a variable load. The value of the load is to match the
directly coupled SSEG output. To facilitate the test for LoM there shall be a switch placed
between the test load/directly coupled SSEG combination and the DNO’s Distribution System,
as shown below:

Figure B4 SSEG Test set up - Loss of Mains

SSEG
DNO’s
Generator Controller Distribution
System

Resonant
Variable
Circuit
Resistance
Q>0.5
Load
at 50Hz

The directly coupled SSEG is to be tested at three levels of the directly coupled SSEG’s
output power: 10%, 55% and 100% and the results recorded on the test sheet of Appendix 4.
For each test the load match is to be within ± 5%. Each test is to be repeated five times.

Load match conditions are defined as being when the current from the directly coupled
SSEG meets the requirements of the test load ie there is no export or import of supply frequency
current to or from the DNO’s Distribution System.

The tests will record the directly coupled SSEG’s output voltage and frequency from at least 2
cycles before the switch is opened until the protection system operates and disconnects itself
from the DNO’s Distribution System, or for five seconds whichever is the lower duration.

The time from the switch opening until the protection disconnection occurs is to be measured
and must comply with the requirements in table 1.
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B1.3.5 Re-connection

Further tests will be carried out with the three test circuits above to check the directly coupled
SSEG time- out feature prior to automatic network reconnection. This test will confirm that once
the AC supply voltage and frequency have returned to within the stage 1 settings specified in
table 1 following an automatic protection trip operation there is a minimum time delay as specified
in table 1 before reconnection will be allowed.
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B1.3.6 Frequency Drift and Step Change Stability test.

The tests will be carried out using the same circuit as specified in B1.3.3 above and following
confirmation that the SSEG has passed the under and over frequency trip tests and the under
and over frequency stability tests.

Four tests are required to be carried out with all protection functions enabled including loss of
mains. For each stability test the SSEG should not trip during the test.

For the step change test the SSEG should be operated with a measurable output at the start
frequency and then a vector shift should be applied by extending or reducing the time of a
single cycle with subsequent cycles returning to the start frequency. The start frequency
should then be maintained for a period of at least 10 seconds to complete the test. The SSEG
should not trip during this test.

For frequency drift tests the SSEG should be operated with a measurable output at the start
frequency and then the frequency changed in a ramp function at 0.95Hz per second to the end
frequency. On reaching the end frequency it should be maintained for a period of at least10
seconds. The SSEG should not trip during this test.

B1.4. POWER QUALITY

B1.4.1 Harmonics

The tests should be carried out as specified in BS EN 61000-3-2 and can be undertaken with a
fixed source of energy at two power levels firstly between 45 and 55% and at 100% of maximum
export capacity.

B1.4.2 Power Factor

The test set up shall be such that the directly coupled SSEG supplies full load to the DNO’s
Distribution System via the power factor (pf) meter and the variac as shown below in figure B5.
The directly coupled SSEG pf should be within the limits given in 5.6, for three test voltages 230
V –6%, 230V and 230 V +10%.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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Figure B5 SSEG Test set up – Power Factor

SSEG
DNO’s
Generator Controller
p Variac Distribution
f System

NOTE 1. For reasons of clarity the points of isolation are not shown
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NOTE 2: It is permissible to use a voltage regulator or tapped transformer to perform this test rather
than a variac as shown

B1.4.3 Voltage Flicker

The voltage fluctuations and flicker emissions from the SSEG shall be measured in accordance
with BS EN 61000-3-3 and technology specific annex.

B1.4.4 DC Injection

The level of DC injection from the directly coupled SSEG to the DNO’s Distribution System
shall not exceed the levels specified in 5.5. In a directly coupled SSEG, any harmonics present
will be as a result of any electronic components, with in the Controller and can be measured at
0% load.

B1.4.5 Overcurrent Protection

Where appropriate the protection shall comply with the requirements of BS7671.

B1.4.6 Short Circuit Current Contribution

DNOs need to understand the contribution an SSEG makes to system fault levels in order to
determine that they can continue to safely operate without exceeding design fault levels for
switchgear and other circuit components.

For rotating machines BS EN 60034-4:1995 Methods for determining synchronous machine

quantities from tests should be used to establish the parameters required to be recorded in
Appendix 4 under the section Fault Level Contribution.

For rotating machines and linear piston machines the test should produce a 0 – 2 second plot
of the short circuit current as seen at the SSEG terminals.

*Values for parameters marked in Annex 4 should be provided where the short circuit duration
is sufficiently long to enable interpolation of the plot.

B1.4.7 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)

All equipment shall comply with the generic EMC standards: BS EN61000-6-3: 2007
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Generic Emission Standard; and BS EN61000-6-1: 2007
Electromagnetic Compatibility, Generic Immunity Standard.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 2 2019
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Annex C1 Separate Specific SSEG Technology Requirements

C1.1 Domestic CHP

For Domestic CHP SSEGs connected to the DNO’s Distribution System via an Inverter, the
type verification testing and Interface Protection requirements will be as per the requirements
defined in Annex A.
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For Domestic CHP SSEGs directly coupled to the DNO’s Distribution System, the type
verification testing and Interface Protection requirements will be as per the requirements
defined in Annex B.

C1.2 Photovoltaic
As all current Photovoltaic SSEGs will connect to the DNO’s Distribution System via an
Inverter, the type verification testing and Interface Protection requirements will be as per the
requirements defined in Annex A.

C1.3 Fuel Cells

As all current Fuel Cell SSEGs will connect to the DNO’s Distribution System via an Inverter,
the type verification testing and Interface Protection requirements will be as per the
requirements defined in Annex A.

C1.4 Hydro
Hydro can be connected to the DNO’s Distribution System directly using induction or
synchronous generators or it can be connected by an Inverter.

The common requirements for the generator technologies will apply to micro hydro in addition
the following needs to be taken into consideration.

SSEGs with manually fixed output or where the output is fixed by controlling the water flow
through the turbine to a steady rate, need to comply with the maximum voltage change
requirements of BS EN 61000-3-2 but do not need to be tested for Pst or Plt.

SSEGs where the output is controlled by varying the load on the generator using the Inverter
and which therefore produces variable output need to comply with the maximum voltage change
requirements of BS EN 61000-3-2 and also need to be tested for Pst and Plt over a period where
the range of flows varies over the design range of the turbine with a period of at least 2 hours at
each step with there being 10 steps from min flow to maximum flow. Pst and Plt values to
recorded and normalised as per the method laid down in
Appendix 4.

C1.5 Wind
Wind turbines can be connected to the DNO’s Distribution System directly, typically using
asynchronous induction generators, or using Inverters.

For those connected via Inverters, the type verification testing and interface protection
requirements shall be as specified in Annex A.

For those connected directly to the DNO’s Distribution System, the type verification testing
and interface protection requirements shall be as specified in Annex B.
 ENA Engineering Recommendation G83
Issue 2 Amendment 3 2019
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In addition, in either case, the note regarding wind turbine voltage flicker testing specified in 5.4
shall apply.

C1.6 Energy Storage Device

Energy Storage Devices can be connected to the DNO’s Distribution System directly or using
Inverters.
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For those connected via Inverters, the type verification testing and interface protection
requirements shall be as specified in Annex A.

For those connected directly to the DNO’s Distribution System, the type verification testing
and interface protection requirements shall be as specified in Annex B.