Information Processing System

DATA is a collection of independent and

Computer Fundamentals

unorganized facts.
 INFORMATION is the processed and
organized data presented in a meaningful
form.
 DATA PROCESSING is the course of
Dr. Anoop Kumar Gupta doing things in a sequence of steps.
MAIT
1

Information Processing System

 COMPUTER is an electronic machine that
follows a set of instructions in order that it
may be able to accept and gather data PROCESSING
and transform these into information. SYSTEM

DATA
INFORMATION
Functions of an Information Three Major Components of an
Processing System Information Processing System
1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)  HARDWARE is the tangible part of a
2. It processes data to become information. computer system.
(PROCESSING)  SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that
3. It stores data and information. (STORE) tells the computer how to do its job.
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)  PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use
and operate the computer system, write
computer programs, and analyze and
design the information system.

Basic Units of Measurement Basic Units of Measurement

 A byte can be used to represent a single
 BIT is a unit of information equivalent to
character, which can be:
the result of a choice between only 2
A letter
possible alternatives in the binary number
 A number
system.
 A special character or symbol, or
 BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to
 A space
represent one character of alphanumeric
data) processed as a single unit for
information.
 Basic Units of Measurement

 1,000bytes =1 kilobyte (K or KB)

1,000 KB =1 megabyte (MB)
1,000 MB =1 gigabyte (GB)
1,000 GB =1 Terabyte (TB)

BASIC PC HARDWARE
 HARDWARE is the tangible part of a
computer system.
Basic hardware of a PC system 1. Central Processing Unit
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)  Brain of the computer.
 Memory Unit  It directs and controls the entire computer
 Input Devices system and performs all arithmetic and
 Output Devices
logical operations.
 Secondary Storage Devices

2. Memory Unit
 Where the programs and
data are stored .
 READ ONLY MEMORY
(ROM) contains the pre-
programmed computer
instructions such as the Basic
Input Output System (BIOS).
 RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY (RAM) is used to
store the programs and data
that you will run. Exists only
when there is power.
3. Input Devices Keyboard
 Allows data and programs to be sent to
the CPU.  Traditional keyboards
 Keyboard  Flexible keyboards

 Mouse  Ergonomic keyboards

 Joystick  Wireless keyboards
 Microphone  PDA keyboards
 Webcam
 Scanner
 Monitor

Two Types of Mouse How a Mouse Hooks Up to a PC

 Mechanical - a type of  PS/2 Mouse

computer mouse that has a
rubber or metal ball on its
underside and it can roll in
every direction.
 Optical: This type uses a  Serial Mouse
laser for detecting the
mouse's movement.  USB/Cordless Mouse
Other Pointing Devices  Joystick – input device for
computer games
 Trackball
 Light Pens – light-
 Track point sensitive penlike device

 Touch pad  Stylus – penlike device

commonly used with
tablet PCs and PDAs.
 Touch Screen

Scanning Devices Image Capturing Devices

 Optical scanners  Digital Cameras
 Card readers
 Bar code readers
 Character and mark recognition devices
 Digital Video Cameras
4. Output Devices Types of Monitor
 Media used by the computer in displaying  Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
its responses to our requests and
instructions.
 Monitor
 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
 Audio Speakers
 Printer

Dot matrix
Printers printer

 IMPACT PRINTERS uses pressure by

physically striking the paper. Ex. Daisy
wheel printers, line printers, dot matrix
printers & band printers.
 NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply
pressure on the paper but instead
produces character by using lasers, ink Inkjet printer
Laser
spray, photography or heat.
printer
5. Secondary Storage Devices Floppy Disk
 Attached to the computer system to allow  The most common secondary storage
you to store programs and data device
permanently for the purpose of retrieving  3.5” disk – 1.44MB
them for future use.
 Floppy disk, Hard disk, CD Rom

High-Capacity Floppy Disks Hard Disk Drive or Hard Disk

 Floppy disk cartridges  Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks
 3 ½ inches in diameter  Holds a greater amount of data
 Stores more information
 Zip disks
 Optical Discs Kinds
 A standard part of modern desktop  Blue Ray Disk – 40G
machines, especially used for multimedia  Digital Versatile Disk
purposes and preferred in loading  DVD-R – write once, 3.95G
applications.  DVD RW – rewritable, 3G
 Single Layer and Double Layer

 Compact Disk
 CD-R– write once, 650MB
 CD-RW – rewritable, 700MB

Optical Drives Other Secondary Storage

 CD-ROM read CDs  Solid-State Storage
 CD-Writer read/write CDs  No moving parts
 DVD-Combo read/write CDs, read DVD  Flash memory cards

 DVD Writer read/write CDs

read/write DVDs
 USB flash drives
Parts that Build Up A System Unit Casing or cover
 Casing or cover  Sound card  The box or outer shell
 Power Supply  Floppy disk drive that houses most of the
 Motherboard  Hard disk drive computer, it is usually
one of the most
 Microprocessor  CD-ROM drive
overlooked parts of the
 Memory  MODEM PC.
 Video Card  Protects the computer
circuits, cooling and
system organization.

Power Supply Motherboard

 The physical arrangement in a computer that
 Responsible for powering every device in your
contains the computer’s basic circuitry and
computer.
components.
 Parts of a Power supply:
 Components are:
 Disk drive connectors
 Microprocessor
 Motherboard connector
 (Optional) Coprocessors
 Power supply fan
 Memory
 Power switch
 Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
 Input voltage selector
 Expansion Slot
 Cover
 Interconnecting circuitry
 Power plugs receptacle
 Expansion Slots
 Graphic cards
 Sound cards
 Modem cards
 Network interface cards/network adapter

Software 2 Kinds of Software

1. System Software enables the application
 Instructions that tell the computer how to software to interact with the computer
process data into the form you want. hardware.
 Operating Systems are programs that coordinate
 Software and programs are
computer resources, provide an interface between
interchangeable. users and the computer; and run applications.
 Two major types:  Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing
 System and Applications computer resources.
 Device drivers are specialized programs designed
to allow particular input or output devices to
communicate with the rest of the computer system.
Functions of a System Software 2 Kinds of Software
 Managing resources (memory, processing, 2. Applications Software - provides the real
storage, and devices like printer). functionality of a computer. It help you
 Providing user interface use your computer to do specific types of
 Running applications
work.
 Basic Applications, widely used in all career
areas.
 Specialized Applications, more
narrowly focused on specific
disciplines and occupations.

Disk Operating System MS-DOS Commands

 DOS was the first widely installed  A COMMAND is the name of a special
operating system for personal computers. program that makes your computer carry
 Command-driven out a task.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 Thru GUI, users can interact directly with
the operating system.
 Microsoft Windows
 Icons, Menus, Dialog boxes

FILES EXTENSIONS
 FILE is simply a collection of information  Use extension to make your filenames
that you store on a disk or diskette. more descriptive.
 Must have a unique name  .DOC – word documents
 Two parts: the filename and extension  .XLS – excel documents

separated by a period.  .PPT – powerpoint documents

RECIPE.DOC
DIRECTORIES
 One way of organizing the files on your
computer Hard Disk
 ROOT – one basic directory
 Subdirectories