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IP Routing IP Routing
IP Routing is a process of communicating two or more
different IP based networks. There are three types of IP Routing:
WAN connects different LANs with each other to Static Routing
communicate and to share the data and resources. Default Routing
For this, routers must be used on each network or backbone Dynamic Routing
to route the IP packets.

For this, IP Routing should be enabled on routers. Routers

must learn the destinations that are not directly connected by
building and maintaining routing tables.

An Internetwork
Static Routing Router B
Router A Router C Router D
11.0.0.1 11.0.0.2 12.0.0.1 12.0.0.2 13.0.0.1 13.0.0.2
S1/0 S1/0 S1/1 S1/0 S1/1 S1/0

Features: 11.0.0.0 12.0.0.0 13.0.0.0

Fa0/0 Fa0/0 Fa0/0 Fa0/0

 Static Routing is the most reliable type of routing, although it is not very 192.168.1.25
4
192.168.2.25
4
192.168.3.25
4
192.168.4.25
4
scalable.
 It is suitable for small internetwork.
 It uses a route that a network administrator enters into the router
manually.
 In static routing, if an administrator wants to communicate with any
network, in this case, administrator has to manually add that particular
network (network number) in the routing table. It will appear in the
routing table with an administrative distance of 1.
 The static IP Routing enabled no extra overhead and the cost of the
network is comparatively reduced.
 So it will not cost much, because it does not require much CPU
processes and bandwidth on the network links comparatively.
Figure - An Internetwork

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Distance Vector Routing

Dynamic Routing Routing Protocols
Protocols

Features: Routing Protocols are the protocols which are used to find or Features:
searchth e available paths for the data communication.
 Dynamic Routing is a routing in which some protocols are used to find  The protocols which find the best path to a remote network by judging
the networks and update routing tables on routers. The router used Types of Routing Protocols: distance.
routing protocols for Dynamic routing.
 Distance Vector  Each time a packet goes through a router, that’s called a hop. The route
 Dynamic routing is easier than using static or default routing, but it will with the least number of hops to the network is determined to be the
 Link State best route.
cost you in terms of router CPU processes and bandwidth on the
network links.  Hybrid

Example: -
 A routing protocol defines the set of rules used by a router when it  RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
communicates routing information between neighbor routers.
 IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

Distance Vector Routing Link State Routing Link State Routing

Protocols Protocols Protocols

Features: Open shortest path first (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol that is
Routing Information Protocol (RIP): used to find the best path between the source and the destination
 Link-state protocols use an algorithm called the Shortest Path First to router using its own shortest path first (SPF) algorithm.
RIP, in which distance vector routing protocol is used for data/packet
transmission. In the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), the find the best path to a destination.
maximum number of Hop is 15.
 It prepares three separate tables. One of the tables keeps track of
directly attached neighbors, one determines the topology of the entire
2. Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP): internetwork, and one is used as the routing table.

IGRP, in which uses distance vector protocol (interior) to exchange

data within a system.  Link-state routers know more about the internetwork than any distance
vector routing protocol. Well, Link-state protocols are normally used in
It supports multiple metrics for each node which includes delay, load, large Internetworks.
and bandwidth, to compare the 2 routes which are combined into
single metrics. Example: -
 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

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Hybrid Routing Hybrid Routing

Protocols Protocols

Features: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco-

proprietary Hybrid routing protocol that contains features of distance-
 A Hybrid protocol takes the advantages of both distance vector and vector and link-state routing protocols.
Link- state protocols and merges them into a new protocol.
It is a network layer protocol that works on protocol number 88.
 They take the best features and avoid the pitfalls of both Distance
Vector and Link State routing protocols.

 Hybrid Routing Protocols has more features than the distance vector
and Link State routing protocols.

Example: -
 EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)