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Lecture 3 Conic Sections

The document discusses engineering curves, specifically conic sections, which include ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas derived from the intersection of a cone with a cutting plane. It explains the definitions and properties of cones and conic sections, including eccentricity and the construction methods for ellipses. Additionally, it highlights various applications of these shapes in real-world structures and objects.

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10 views

Lecture 3 Conic Sections

The document discusses engineering curves, specifically conic sections, which include ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas derived from the intersection of a cone with a cutting plane. It explains the definitions and properties of cones and conic sections, including eccentricity and the construction methods for ellipses. Additionally, it highlights various applications of these shapes in real-world structures and objects.

Uploaded by

ranasb.2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Drawing &

Graphics
By Engr. Safa Sattar
Outline
•Engineering Curves
Conic Sections
 Ellipse
 Parabola
 Hyperbola
What is cone?
It is a surface generated by moving a Straight line
keeping one of its end fixed & other end makes a
closed curve.
The fixed point is known as vertex or apex.
Vertex/Apex.
The closed curve is known as base.
If the base/closed curve is a circle, we get a cone.
If the base/closed curve is a polygon, we get a
pyramid.
What is cone?
The line joins apex to the center of base is called
axis.
If axes is perpendicular to base, it is called as right
circular cone.
If axis of cone is not perpendicular to base, it is
called as oblique cone.
The line joins vertex/ apex to the circumference of
a cone is known as generator.
Conics Sections
The section obtained by the intersection of a right circular cone by a cutting plane
in different position relative to the axis of the cone are called CONICS.
Conic Sections
The conic may be defined as the locus of a point moving in a plane in
such a way that the ratio of its distances from a fixed point and a fixed
straight line is always constant. The fixed point is called the focus and
the fixed line, the directrix.
The ratio distance of the point from the directrix is called eccentricity
and is denoted by e. It is always less than 1 for ellipse, equal to 1 for
parabola and greater than 1 for hyperbola i.e.
(i) ellipse e < 1
(ii) parabola : e = 1
(iii) hyperbola : e > 1.
The line passing through the focus and perpendicular to the directrix
is called the axis. The point at which the conic cuts its axis is called the
vertex.
Circle
When the cutting plane is perpendicular to the axis or parallel to the base in a right cone we
get circle the section.
Ellipse
When the cutting plane is inclined to the axis but not parallel to generator or
the inclination of the cutting plane(α) is greater than the semi cone angle(θ),
we get an ellipse as the section.
Concept of Focii, Major and Minor Axis
Applications
Shape of a man-hole.
Flanges of pipes and stuffing boxes.
Shape of tank in a tanker.
Shape used in bridges and arches.
Monuments.
Shape of trays etc.
Construction of Ellipse (Lab Work)
1- Oblong Method
2- Concentric Circle Method
Oblong Method (Steps)

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