Scribd
Upload
5 views

HOA-3 2

The document provides an overview of Islamic architecture, detailing its origins, key structures, and architectural features. It highlights the influence of various cultures and the significance of different types of buildings such as mosques, madrasahs, and tombs. Notable examples like the Dome of the Rock, Alhambra, and Taj Mahal are discussed, showcasing the rich heritage and artistic achievements of Islamic architecture throughout history.

Uploaded by

Estelle Marie Bagalay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

HOA-3 2

The document provides an overview of Islamic architecture, detailing its origins, key structures, and architectural features. It highlights the influence of various cultures and the significance of different types of buildings such as mosques, madrasahs, and tombs. Notable examples like the Dome of the Rock, Alhambra, and Taj Mahal are discussed, showcasing the rich heritage and artistic achievements of Islamic architecture throughout history.

Uploaded by

Estelle Marie Bagalay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE 3

Architectural reflections of traditional Asian thoughts and civilizations:


their changes and challenges in contemporary life.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Islam- Belief in Allah, Muhammad as a prophet, that the object of life is to live in a way that
is pleasing to Allah so that one may gain paradise.
ORIGIN
The Islamic era began with the formation of Islam under
the leadership of Muhammad in early 7th-century Arabia.
By 661 Islamic armies had swept through what is today
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria, and Egypt, and they then moved
across the North African coast to enter Spain in 711.

From Spain they pushed northward into France, where


forces led by Charles Martel stopped their European
expansion in 732 at the battle of Tours.

Islamic settlers remained in central and southern Spain


until 1492, however, and their armies continued to
batter the southern border of the Byzantine Empire
until they finally conquered Constantinople in 1453.

Through trade, Islamic dynasties made contact with


China and India, where their religion would eventually
take root.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Introduction
• Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of
both secular and religious styles from the early
history of Islam to the present day for today.
• Influenced by Roman, Byzantine, Persian and all
other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th
and 8th centuries.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

Types:

• MOSQUE- Muslim center place for worship


• MADRASAH- Public school
• HAMMAM: Hot bathhouse
• CARAVANSERAI: A roadside inn for Travelers
• KASBAH/CITADEL: a fortress
• MAZAAR: a tomb or a monument
MOSQUE
Architectural features:
A Mosque is a place of worship for Muslim.
MOSQUE
Typology of Mosque
PARTS OF MOSQUE
Mashrabiya
• Projecting window enclosed with carved wood
lattice work
Mihrab
• Is a semi-circular niche in the wall of the mosque that indicates
the qibla; that is the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence
the direction that the Muslims should face when praying.
Sahn
• Is a courtyard in Islamic architecture
• Most traditional mosques have a large central Sahn, which is
surrounded by a riwaq or arcade on all sides. In traditional
Islamic design, residences and neighborhoods can have private
sahn.
Minaret
• A visual focal point and are used for the call to
prayer
Dome
• Is a architectural element that resembles the
hollow upper half of a sphere.
Dikka
• Is a term in Muslim architecture for a tribune raised
upon columns from which the Quran is recited and
prayers are intoned by the imam of a mosque.
Mimbar
• A pulpit where imam deliver Khurtba
Muqarnas
• It is a form of ornamented vaulting in Islamic architecture, the
‘’geometric subdivision of a squinch, or cupola, or corbel, into a
large number of miniature squinches, producing a sort of cellular
structure, ‘’sometimes also called a ‘’honeycomb’’ vault.
Architectural Arches
Architectural Decorative Elements
• Calligraphy

• Carpet
• Ceramic

• Tiling
Architectural Decorative Elements
• Arabesque- designs are biomorphic, floral
patterns representing the underlying order and
unity of nature with a great deal of accuracy.
Flowers and tress might be used as the motifs
for the decoration of textile, objects and
buildings.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

• Sultan Amir Ahmad Bath house


-Built in 16th century, today the previous bath
house is a popular tourist attraction.
-National Heritage site
-Decorated with amazing ornamentals tiles,
some of which are turquoise and gold.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

• Dome of the Rock


-Islamic shrine at the center of the Al-aqsa
compound on the Temple Mount in the Old
City of Jerusalem.
-The rock above which the dome is constructed
is the spot from which the Prophet
Muhammad was taken up into the heaven for
an encounter with God.
-Structure and ornamentation are rooted in the
Byzantine architectural tradition.
-20 meter diameter an is mounted on the
elevated drum, rises above a circle of 16 piers
and columns.
-Octagonal arcade with 24 piers and columns.
-Below the dome a portion of sacred rock is
exposed and protected by a railing.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

• Dome of the Rock


-The interior and Exterior of the structure are
decorated with marble, mosaic, and metal and
plaques.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

Citadel of Aleppo
• This fortified palace sitting atop a hill in the
middle of the Syrian City, Aleppo, is one of
the oldest and largest castles in the world.
• The castles was designed to impede enemy
advancements into home territory. A moat
circled the large walls of the fort, accessed
by a steep stone bridge supported by seven
arches. The citadel is recognized as a part of
the heritage of the Ancient City of Aleppo
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

The Great Mosque of Samarra


• A spiraling mass of sandstone bricks tower
over the city of Samarra, Iraq, the remains of
the Great Mosque of Samarra.
• The minaret adjacent to the rectangular
ruins of the mosque finds its influence from
Mesopotamian ziggurats extrapolated into
Islamic architecture.
• The minaret has an unusual conical, spiral
and tapering form. This minaret was
connected to the mosque structure by a
bridge. Now partially damaged as a result of
being exposed to modern machinery, it
stands a height of 52m, with a 33m base
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

Great Mosque of Kairouan


• Islamic Heritage in the historic town of
Kairouan, Tunisia.
• First recorder use of the horseshoe arch
• Rectangular plan of the mosque consist of
courtyard tiled with marble, hypostyle prayer
hall, each column spanned with horseshoe
arches and square minaret.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

Alhambra
• Alhambra is an emblem of the vestigial
centuries of the Muslim rule in Spain.
• The Red One
• Reddish-ochre bricks were designed to be
quadrangular, looking inwards to a
courtyard. More quadrangles were added to
the grounds with each Muslim ruler that
lived in Alhambra.
• Columns arcades and reflecting pools
embellished the grandeur of the spaces.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

Taj Mahal
• The elegant mausoleum of white marble in
Agra, India, is emblematic of Shah Jahan and
his wife Mumtaz Mahal’s love.
• 16 years to construct, under the guidance of
Architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
• The garden welcome visitors with the refine
geometry of the Charbagh style, divided in
the middle by sheets of water that act as a
reflecting pool.
• The façade of the tomb structure were
decorated with delicate inlaid work and
inscriptions from the Quran. The structure
rest on a marble plinth, at the four corners of
which rise slender minarets, each crowned
with a single chhatri.
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURES

Great Mosque of Kairouan


• The mildly camouflaged city of Sana’a
appears to belong to the earth, born from
the ground, like a natural landform.
• Made of ochre-colored rammed earth and
burnt bricks on stone rise tall, and their
facades are peppered with punctures ornate
by White-gypsum.
References
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dome-of-the-
Rock/Historical-context-and-construction
• https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/history-of-
architecture/a3364-15-unesco-heritage-islamic-structures-
in-the-world/
• https://www.worldhistory.org/

You might also like