PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PITAMPURA SHIFT-1

CLASS-XII
CHAPTER-9 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
1 The number of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a
differential equation of fourth order is………
4 (Order)
2A The number of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of a
differential equation of fourth order is………
Zero (Always 0)
2B If p and q are the degree and order of the differential equation
2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑3𝑦
( 𝑑𝑥 2 ) + 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 3 = 4 , then find the value of 2p – 3q.
Order=3, Degree=1 So, 2𝑝 − 3𝑞 = 2.1 − 3.3 = −7
3 Write the degree of differential equation
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 0 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Not defined
4 𝑑𝑦 2/3 𝑑3𝑦
Find order and degree of diff. equation (1 + 3 ) =4 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦 2/3 𝑑3𝑦
(1 + 3 ) = 4 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
On cubing both sides,
3 3
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑3𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 dy 𝑑3𝑦
(1 + 3 𝑑𝑥 ) = (4 𝑑𝑥 3 ) or 1 + 9 ( ) + 6 = 64 ( 3 )
𝑑𝑥 dx 𝑑𝑥
Order=3, degree =3
5 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Find degree and order of the diff. equation√1 + =𝑥+ .
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
√1 + =𝑥+ .
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
On squaring both sides
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
1+
𝑑𝑥 2
= (𝑥 +
𝑑𝑥
) . Order=2, degree = 1
6 Write the value of m and n, where m and n are order and degree
3
𝑑2 𝑦
4( ) 𝑑3𝑦
𝑑𝑥2
of differential equation 𝑑3 𝑦
+ = 𝑥2 − 1 .
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥3
3
𝑑2𝑦
4 ( 2) 𝑑3𝑦
𝑑𝑥
3 + 3 = 𝑥2 − 1
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 3
3 2
𝑑3𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑3𝑦 𝑑3𝑦
On multiply by , 4 ( 2 ) + ( 3 ) = (𝑥 2 − 1)
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
m=3, n=2
7 Find the order and degree of differential equation
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = 0
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Order=1,
Degree= not defined
8 𝑑 𝑑2𝑦
4
Find the sum of the degree and the order: [(𝑑𝑥 2 ) ] = 0
𝑑𝑥
4
𝑑 𝑑2𝑦
[( ) ]=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
On differentiating,
𝑑2𝑦
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑 (𝑑𝑥 2 )
3
4 ( 2) =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑3𝑦
4 ( 2) =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
Order=3, Degree=1, Sum=4
9 𝑑2𝑦
2
𝑑𝑦 2
Find the product of the order and degree:𝑥 ( ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑦 2 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Order=2, Degree=2
10 𝑑2𝑦
3
𝑑𝑦
Find the degree and order: 𝑥 ( ) + 𝑦 (𝑑𝑥 )4 + 𝑥 3 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2
Order=2, Degree=3
11 Find the Integrating factor: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ tan 𝑥 . 𝑦 = sec 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
After comparing with + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 , P = tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
I.F. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| =𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
12 Find the integrating factor: 𝑥 log 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 2 log 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
After simplifying,
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2
+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
After comparing with + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 , P =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥
1
∫𝑥 log 𝑥𝑑𝑥
I.F. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥| =log 𝑥
13 𝑑𝑦
Write the integrating factor of :(1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
After simplifying,
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 tan−1 𝑥
+ =
𝑑𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) (1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑦 1
After comparing with + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 , P = (1+𝑥 2)
𝑑𝑥
1
∫(1+𝑥2 )𝑑𝑥 −1
I.F. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 = 𝑒 tan 𝑥
14 Solve the differential equation:
𝑑𝑦
+ 2𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is + 2𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥
This is a linear equation of the form:
 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 ( 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = 2 tan 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2
Now I.F. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| =𝑒 log(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
The general solution of the given differential equation is given by
the relation,
𝑦(𝐼𝐹) = ∫(𝑄 × 𝐼𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

⇒ 𝑦. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = ∫(sin 𝑥) × 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

⇒ 𝑦. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

⇒ 𝑦. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝑐

Therefore, required solution of the given differential equation is

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝐶 cos 2 𝑥
15 𝑦
Solve the differential equation, 𝑒 𝑥 √1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0.
𝑥
𝑦
𝑒 𝑥 √1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 √1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + y 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑦
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑦
√1 − 𝑦 2
𝑦
∫(𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑦
√1 − 𝑦 2
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 -∫ 1. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = √1 − 𝑦 2 +C
𝑥𝑒 𝑥 -𝑒 𝑥 -√1 − 𝑦 2 =c is the required solution.
16 Solve the differential equation
𝑑𝑦
=
1+𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 1+𝑦 2
Given differential equation is =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
=
1+𝑦 2 1+𝑥 2
Integrating equation on both sides,
tan−1 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
This is the general solution of the given differential equation
17 Show that the given differential equation is homogeneous and
find the particular solution of the equation:
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 = 0, 𝑦 = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2
When we put 𝜆𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜆 𝑦 at the place of x and y, in RHS there is no
change. Hence differential equation is homogeneous.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 and =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑣 2𝑥. 𝑣𝑥 + (𝑣𝑥)2 2𝑣 + 𝑣 2
𝑣+𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2 2
2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2
2𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑣2 𝑥
2𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2 =∫
𝑣 𝑥
−2
= log 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑣
−2
𝑦 = log 𝑥 + 𝐶
(𝑥 )
−2𝑥
= log 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦
𝑦 = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 we get 𝐶 = −1
−2𝑥
So, = log 𝑥 − 1
𝑦
18 Show that the diff. equation 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 is homogeneous
𝑑𝑥
and solve it.
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2
2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦
When we put 𝜆𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜆 𝑦 at the place of x and y, in RHS there is no
change. Hence differential equation is homogeneous.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
Put 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥 and =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 + 3(𝑣𝑥)2 1 + 3𝑣 2
𝑣+𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥. 𝑣𝑥 2𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 + 3𝑣 2
𝑥 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑥 2𝑣
2𝑣𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
=
1 + 𝑣2 𝑥
2𝑣𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫
1 + 𝑣2 𝑥
2
log(1 + 𝑣 ) = log 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 2
log(1 + ( ) ) = log 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
log ( ) = log 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥2
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
log ( ) − log 𝑥 = 𝐶
𝑥2
𝑥2 + 𝑦2
log ( )=𝐶
𝑥3
19 Find the solution of the equation:
𝑑𝑦
− 3 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 , when it
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
is given that 𝑦 = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = .
2
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is − 3 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
This is a linear equation of the form:
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 ( 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 = −3 cot 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = sin 2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 3
Now I.F. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ −3cot𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −3𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| =𝑒 log(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥
The general solution of the given differential equation is given by
the relation,
𝑦(𝐼𝐹) = ∫(𝑄 × 𝐼𝐹)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

⇒ 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 = ∫(sin 2𝑥) × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

⇒ 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 = ∫(2 sin 𝑥. cos 𝑥) × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

⇒ 𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 = ∫(2 cosec 𝑥 cot 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑦. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 = −2. cosec 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 = −2. sin2 𝑥 + 𝐶 sin3 𝑥
𝜋
When 𝑦 = 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = . C=4
2
𝑦 = −2. sin2 𝑥 + 4 sin3 𝑥
20 Find the particular solution of the differential equation
𝑑𝑦
= 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦, given that 𝑦 = 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = (1 + 𝑥)(1 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= (1 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫(1 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
(1 + 𝑦)
𝑥2
log(1 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 + + 𝐶
2
3
𝑦 = 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1, C=−
2
𝑥2 3
log(1 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 + −
2 2