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Exercises sheet N°2 ( Real numbers set) (1)

The document outlines exercises for a mathematics module focusing on real numbers for first-year students. It includes tasks on bounded sets, solving equations and inequalities, evaluating the floor function, and applying Pascal's triangle to trigonometric functions. Additional exercises explore properties of rational and irrational numbers, as well as various mathematical proofs and developments.

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11 views2 pages

Exercises sheet N°2 ( Real numbers set) (1)

The document outlines exercises for a mathematics module focusing on real numbers for first-year students. It includes tasks on bounded sets, solving equations and inequalities, evaluating the floor function, and applying Pascal's triangle to trigonometric functions. Additional exercises explore properties of rational and irrational numbers, as well as various mathematical proofs and developments.

Uploaded by

bakourramzy0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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U.S.T.H.

B
Exercises sheet N◦ 2 Coordination of MATH1 module
Faculty of Matematics
Real numbers set Year 2023-2024
1st year Licence SM-ST

The exercises should be done in the TD and the courses according to the choice of the
pedagogic team of the section

Exercise 1. Determine whether the following sets of R are bounded above or below?
3 n1 o
A1 =]0, 1]∪]2, 4[, A2 =] − ∞, 6], A3 = {2 − , n ∈ N∗ }, A4 = + (−1)n , n ∈ N∗ ,
n n

nx + 1 o n  nπ  o
A5 = , x ∈] − ∞, −3] , A6 = cos ,n∈N .
x+2 4
If possible, identify the least upper bound (supermum: sup) and the greatest lower bound (infimum
:inf ) ? prove your statements.
Find the maximum and minimum of Ai , i = 1, 2, .., 6, If they exist.

Exercise 2. Solve the following equations and inequalities in R :


1
|x − 1| + |x − 2| = 2, |x + 12| = |x2 − 8|, |x + 3| ≤ x, | − 2| ≤ 3,
x
√ √ √
41 − x + 41 + x = 10, 2x + 3 ≥ x.

Exercise 3. The floor of a real number x is denoted by bxc or floor(x).

1. Evaluate b2c, b−7c, b3, 7c, b−3, 7c, bπc, − 38 ,


  √ 
2 .

2. Solve bx3 − 1c = −1.

3. Show that, for any real numbers x and y we have : bxc + byc ≤ bx + yc ≤ bxc + byc + 1.

4. Calculate bxc + b−xc where x is a real number.

Exercise 4.
 eix + e−ix 5
1. By using Pascal’s triangle, Calculate .
2
2. Deduce the linearization of cos5 x and sin5 x. ( Give the result with a linear expression, i.e.
degree 1).

1
Additional exercises

Exercise 1. what can we say about numbers x + y and xy in the following cases ?
1. x and y are rational numbers.
2. x are y are irrational numbers.
3. x is rational number and y is irrational.
Exercice 2.Which of the following sets are bounded above, bounded below? Find the supermum and
infimum if they exist..
n o n1 o n1 1 o
A = x ∈ R; x2 < 2 , B = ; n ∈ N∗ , C = + ; (p, n) ∈ N∗ × N∗ .
n n p
Exercise 3. Let a, b be two strictly positive real numbers. Determine whether the following sets
are bounded above or below ? If possible, identify the the least upper bound (supermum) and the
greatest lower bound (infimum)
n o n o
A = a + bn, n ∈ N , B = a + b/n, n ∈ N∗ ,
n o n o
C = a + (−1)n b, n ∈ N , D = a + (−1)n b/n, n ∈ N∗ .
√ √ √ √
Exercise 4. if a and b are positive real numbers or equal to zero, show that a + b ≤ 2 a + b.
p √ p √
Exercise 5. Prove that a = 7 + 4 3 + 7 − 4 3 is an integer.

Exercise 6. Solve the following equations or inquations in R:


√ √ √
1) x2 − 2x + 6 < 2x2 − x + 4, 2) 2 −x − 4 > 9.
Exercise 7. Develop (x + 1)6 , (x − 1)6 , (3x + 2)5 .

Exercise 8.The maximum of two numbers x, y is denoted by max(x, y), we will note by min(x, y)
the minimum of the two numbers x, y.
1. Show that:
x + y + |x − y| x + y − |x − y|
max(x, y) = and min(x, y) =
2 2
2. What is the formula of max(x, y, z)?
Exercise 9. Determine whether the following sets Ai of R are bounded above, bounded below or
bounded? If possible, identify the the least upper bound (supermum: sup) and the greatest lower
bound (infimum:inf ) ? prove your statements.
Find the maximum and minimum of Ai , if they exist.
n o
A1 = 1, 2, 3, 7, 12 A2 = N, A3 = Z, A4 = R, A5 =]5, 6]
n o n o np o np o
∗
A6 = 3 + 7q : q ∈ N , A7 = 3 − 7q : q ∈ N , A8 = : p, n ∈ N , A 9 = : p, n ∈ N
n n 3n n 3on
o n
A10 = , (m, n) ∈ N∗ × N∗ , A11 = , (m, n) ∈ N2
mn + 1 mn + 1
Exercise 10.
1. Show that: ∀x ∈ R,bx + 1c = bxc + 1.
2. Let x ∈ R, compare bxc with b−xc.
3. Prove that the function x 7→ bxc is increasing..

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