Exercises sheet N°2 ( Real numbers set) (1)
Exercises sheet N°2 ( Real numbers set) (1)
B
Exercises sheet N◦ 2 Coordination of MATH1 module
Faculty of Matematics
Real numbers set Year 2023-2024
1st year Licence SM-ST
The exercises should be done in the TD and the courses according to the choice of the
pedagogic team of the section
Exercise 1. Determine whether the following sets of R are bounded above or below?
3 n1 o
A1 =]0, 1]∪]2, 4[, A2 =] − ∞, 6], A3 = {2 − , n ∈ N∗ }, A4 = + (−1)n , n ∈ N∗ ,
n n
nx + 1 o n nπ o
A5 = , x ∈] − ∞, −3] , A6 = cos ,n∈N .
x+2 4
If possible, identify the least upper bound (supermum: sup) and the greatest lower bound (infimum
:inf ) ? prove your statements.
Find the maximum and minimum of Ai , i = 1, 2, .., 6, If they exist.
3. Show that, for any real numbers x and y we have : bxc + byc ≤ bx + yc ≤ bxc + byc + 1.
Exercise 4.
eix + e−ix 5
1. By using Pascal’s triangle, Calculate .
2
2. Deduce the linearization of cos5 x and sin5 x. ( Give the result with a linear expression, i.e.
degree 1).
1
Additional exercises
Exercise 1. what can we say about numbers x + y and xy in the following cases ?
1. x and y are rational numbers.
2. x are y are irrational numbers.
3. x is rational number and y is irrational.
Exercice 2.Which of the following sets are bounded above, bounded below? Find the supermum and
infimum if they exist..
n o n1 o n1 1 o
A = x ∈ R; x2 < 2 , B = ; n ∈ N∗ , C = + ; (p, n) ∈ N∗ × N∗ .
n n p
Exercise 3. Let a, b be two strictly positive real numbers. Determine whether the following sets
are bounded above or below ? If possible, identify the the least upper bound (supermum) and the
greatest lower bound (infimum)
n o n o
A = a + bn, n ∈ N , B = a + b/n, n ∈ N∗ ,
n o n o
C = a + (−1)n b, n ∈ N , D = a + (−1)n b/n, n ∈ N∗ .
√ √ √ √
Exercise 4. if a and b are positive real numbers or equal to zero, show that a + b ≤ 2 a + b.
p √ p √
Exercise 5. Prove that a = 7 + 4 3 + 7 − 4 3 is an integer.
Exercise 8.The maximum of two numbers x, y is denoted by max(x, y), we will note by min(x, y)
the minimum of the two numbers x, y.
1. Show that:
x + y + |x − y| x + y − |x − y|
max(x, y) = and min(x, y) =
2 2
2. What is the formula of max(x, y, z)?
Exercise 9. Determine whether the following sets Ai of R are bounded above, bounded below or
bounded? If possible, identify the the least upper bound (supermum: sup) and the greatest lower
bound (infimum:inf ) ? prove your statements.
Find the maximum and minimum of Ai , if they exist.
n o
A1 = 1, 2, 3, 7, 12 A2 = N, A3 = Z, A4 = R, A5 =]5, 6]
n o n o np o np o
∗
A6 = 3 + 7q : q ∈ N , A7 = 3 − 7q : q ∈ N , A8 = : p, n ∈ N , A 9 = : p, n ∈ N
n n 3n n 3on
o n
A10 = , (m, n) ∈ N∗ × N∗ , A11 = , (m, n) ∈ N2
mn + 1 mn + 1
Exercise 10.
1. Show that: ∀x ∈ R,bx + 1c = bxc + 1.
2. Let x ∈ R, compare bxc with b−xc.
3. Prove that the function x 7→ bxc is increasing..