Integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D.

Program
School of Mathematical Sciences

National Institute of Science Education and Research

Bhubaneswar
 Outline of the Academic Program

• The Integrated M.Sc.-Ph.D. programme at NISER shall consist of the following

two components:

(I) Course Work involving classroom courses and projects as well as a Mas-
ter’s thesis leading to the award of M.Sc. degree in Mathematics,
(II) Research Work leading to a Ph.D. thesis and the award of Ph.D. degree
in Mathematics.

• The duration of the course work shall be equivalent to the first three academic
years. The evaluation of the students will be based on continuous assessments
(quizzes, home works etc.) and examinations. The Master’s thesis will be
evaluated in each semester of third year by the School and it will have to be
defended in an open thesis defence.

• Students must secure a CGPA of at least 5.0 in each semester. The students
who have a CGPA of at least 5.5 at the end of third year and successfully defend
their Master’s dissertation shall be eligible for awarding of the Master’s degree.

• Students who are unsuccessful in earning a CGPA of 5.5 after the first two years
shall be considered ineligible for the awarding of M. Sc. degree.

• For the continuation of studies towards a Ph.D. degree, a student must secure
a CGPA of 6.0 at the end of second year. Also the student will be required to
take a Comprehensive Examination based on the courses attended during the
course work. The students should pass this examination within six months of
successful defence of their Master’s thesis. They will get a maximum of two
attempts to clear the Comprehensive Examination. A student failing to pass
the Comprehensive Examination twice will be terminated from the programme.

• On clearing the comprehensive examination and the successful completion of the

course work, the PGCS after informing the PGCI can recommend the student
to register for a Ph.D.
 Course structure

Semester Course No. L-P-T Credits Course Name

MA701 3-0-1 8 - Linear Algebra
MA702 3-0-1 8 - Mathematical Analysis
Semester I MA703 3-0-1 8 - Number Theory
MA704 3-0-1 8 - Differential Equations
MA705 3-0-1 8 - Calculus of Several Variables
MA706 3-0-1 8 - Groups and Rings
MA707 3-0-1 8 - Measure and Integration
Semester II MA708 3-0-1 8 - Probability Theory
MA709 3-0-1 8 - Complex Analysis
MA710 3-0-1 8 - Graph Theory
MA801 3-0-1 8 - Functional Analysis
MA802 3-0-1 8 - Module Theory
Semester III MA803 3-0-1 8 - Topology
***** 3-0-1 8 - Elective-I
MA848 - 8 - Project-I
MA804 3-0-1 8 - Geometry of Curves and Surfaces
MA805 3-0-1 8 - Partial Differential Equations
Semester IV MA806 3-0-1 8 - Field Theory
***** 3-0-1 8 - Elective-II
MA849 - 8 - Project-II
***** 3-0-1 8 - Elective-III
***** 3-0-1 8 - Elective-IV
Semester V MA948 - 24 - Dissertation
***** - 0 - Research Methodology(Ph.D.)
MA901 3-0-1 8 - Algebraic Topology
***** 3-0-1 8 - Elective-V
Semester VI MA949 - 24 - Dissertation
***** - 2 - Research and Publication Ethics(Ph.D.)
 Core Courses

Course No. Credits Course Name

MA701 - 8 - Linear Algebra
MA702 - 8 - Mathematical Analysis
MA703 - 8 - Number Theory
MA704 - 8 - Differential Equations
MA705 - 8 - Calculus of Several Variables
MA706 - 8 - Groups and Rings
MA707 - 8 - Measure and Integration
MA708 - 8 - Probability Theory
MA709 - 8 - Complex Analysis
MA710 - 8 - Graph Theory

MA801 - 8 - Functional Analysis

MA802 - 8 - Module Theory
MA803 - 8 - Topology
MA804 - 8 - Geometry of Curves and Surfaces
MA805 - 8 - Partial Differential Equations
MA806 - 8 - Field Theory

MA901 - 8 - Algebraic Topology

 Elective Courses

Course No. Credits Course Name

MA851 - 8 - Representations of Finite Groups
MA852 - 8 - Advanced Complex Analysis
MA853 - 8 - Advanced Functional Analysis
MA854 - 8 - Introduction to Stochastic Processes
MA855 - 8 - Algebraic Geometry
MA856 - 8 - Algebraic Graph Theory
MA857 - 8 - Algebraic Number Theory
MA858 - 8 - Algorithm
MA859 - 8 - Cryptology
MA860 - 8 - Finite Fields
MA861 - 8 - Information and Coding Theory
MA862 - 8 - Mathematical Logic
MA863 - 8 - Nonlinear Analysis
MA864 - 8 - Operator Theory
MA865 - 8 - Theory of Computation
MA866 - 8 - Abstract Harmonic Analysis
MA867 - 8 - Advanced Number Theory
MA868 - 8 - Advanced Probability
MA869 - 8 - Algebraic Combinatorics
MA870 - 8 - Foundations of Cryptography
MA871 - 8 - Incidence Geometry
MA872 - 8 - Lie Algebras
MA873 - 8 - Advanced Partial Differential Equations
MA874 - 8 - Random Graphs
MA875 - 8 - Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Methods
MA876 - 8 - Introduction to Manifolds
MA877 - 8 - Commutative Algebra
MA878 - 8 - Algebraic Computation
MA879 - 8 - Analytic Number Theory
MA880 - 8 - Classical Groups
MA881 - 8 - Ergodic Theory
MA882 - 8 - Harmonic Analysis
MA883 - 8 - Lie Groups and Lie Algebras-I
MA884 - 8 - Operator Algebras
MA885 - 8 - Representations of Linear Lie Groups
MA886 - 8 - Harmonic Analysis on Compact Groups
MA887 - 8 - Modular Forms of One Variable
Course No. Credits Course Name
MA888 - 8 - Elliptic Curves
MA889 - 8 - Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus
MA890 - 8 - Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups
MA891 - 8 - Lie Groups and Lie Algebras-II
MA892 - 8 - Mathematical Foundations for Finance
MA893 - 8 - Designs and Codes
MA894 - 8 - Ordered Linear Spaces
MA895 - 8 - Topics in H p Spaces
MA896 - 8 - Introduction to Dilation Theory
 Syllabus of Core Courses

Course Title : Linear Algebra

Course Code : MA701
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

Learning different fundamental results of linear transformations and matrices,

e.g. eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalization, triangulation, rational and Jordan
canonical forms.
Course Contents:

System of linear equations, matrices, Gauss elimination, Basis, dimension of a vec-

tor space, Linear Transformations and its representations by Matrices, rank-nullity
theorem, Transpose of a Linear Transformation, Determinants, Characteristic Values,
Annihilating Polynomials, Diagonalization and Triangulation, Primary Decomposi-
tion Theorem, Rational and Jordan canonical forms, Inner product spaces, Gram-
Schmidt orthonormalization, linear functionals and adjoint, Hermitian, self-adjoint,
unitary and normal operators, spectral theorem for normal operators, Bilinear forms,
symmetric and skew-symmetric bilinear forms, groups preserving bilinear forms.
Text Books:

1. Hoffman, K.; Kunze, R.; Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall.

References:

1. Artin, M.; Algebra, Prentice Hall, 1991.

2. Lax, P., Linear ALgebra and its applications, John Wiley & Sons, Second edi-
tion, 2007.

3. Rose, H.E.; Linear Algebra, Birkhauser, 2002.

 Course Title : Mathematical Analysis
Course Code : MA702
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Upon successful completion of the course, students will have a thorough understanding
of the basic concepts of metric spaces. They will also be familiar with the concepts
of sequences and series of functions and approximation theorems.
Course Contents:
Metric spaces, open balls and open sets, limit and cluster points, closed sets, dense
sets, complete metric spaces, completion of a metric space, Continuity, uniform con-
tinuity, Banach contraction principle, Compactness, Connectedness.

Sequences of functions, Pointwise convergence and uniform convergence, Arzela-

Ascoli Theorem, Weierstrass Approximation Theorem, power series, radius of con-
vergence, uniform convergence and Riemann integration, uniform convergence and
differentiation.

Functions of bounded variation. Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals.

Textbooks:

1. N. L. Carothers, Real Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2012.

2. W. Rudin, Principles of mathematical analysis, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
1976.

References:

1. S. Kumaresan, Topology of Metric Spaces, Narosa Publishing House, 2005.

2. G. F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2013.
3. Tom M. Apostol, Mathematical analysis, Addison-Wesley, 1974.
4. R. P. Boas, A Primer of Real Functions, MAA/AMS, Carus Monographs,
Volume 13, Fourth Edition, 1960.
 Course Title : Number Theory
Course Code : MA703
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the elementary properties of rings of integers including divisibility, congru-
ences, continued fractions and Gauss reciprocity laws.
Course Contents:
Divisibility, Primes, Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, Congruences, Chinese re-
mainder theorem, Linear congruences, Congruences with prime-power modulus, Fer-
mat’s little theorem, Wilson’s theorem, Euler function and its applications, Group
of units, primitive roots, Quadratic residues, Jacobi symbol, Binary quadratic form,
Arithmetic functions, Möbius Inversion formula, Dirichlet product, Sum of squares,
Continued fractions and rational approximations, Riemann zeta function.
Text Book:
1. I. Niven, H. S. Zuckerman, H. L. Montgomery, “An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers”,
Wiley-India Edition, 2008.

References:
1. T. M. Apostol, “Introduction to Analytic Number Theory”, Springer International Student
Edition, 2000.
2. G. A. Jones, J. M. Jones, “Elementary Number Theory”, Springer Undergraduate Mathe-
matics Series. Springer-Verlag, 1998.
 Course Title : Differential Equations
Course Code : MA704
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning different techniques to obtain explicit solutions of 1st order and second
order ODE and its applications.

• learning general theory existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence of

general ODE.

• Understanding propeties of solutions as maximum principle, asymptotic be-

haviour and phase portrait analysis of 2nd order equations.

• Leraning characteristics method for solving 1st order partial Differential Equa-
tions.

Course Contents:
Classifications of Differential Equations: origin and applications, family of curves,
isoclines. First order equations: separation of variable, exact equation, integrating
factor, Bernoulli equation, separable equation, homogeneous equations, orthogonal
trajectories, Picard’s existence and uniqueness theorems. Second order equations:
variation of parameter, annihilator methods. Series solution: power series solutions
about regular and singular points. Method of Frobenius, Bessel’s equation and Legen-
dre equations. Wronskian determinant, Phase portrait analysis for 2nd order system,
comparison and maximum principles for 2nd order equations. Linear system: gen-
eral properties, fundamental matrix solution, constant coefficient system, asymptotic
behavior, exact and adjoint equation, oscillatory equations, Green’s function. Sturm-
Liouville theory. Partial Differential Equations: Classifications of PDE, method of
separation of variables, characteristic method.
Text Books:
1. S. L. Ross, “Differential Equations”, Wiley-India Edition, 2009.
2. E. A. Coddington, “An Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations”, Prentice-Hall of
India, 2012.

References:
1. G. F. Simmons, S. G. Krantz, “Differential Equations”, Tata Mcgraw-Hill Edition, 2007.
2. B. Rai, D. P. Choudhury, “A Course in Ordinary Differential Equation”, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi, 2002.
3. R. P. Agarwal, D. OŔegan, “Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations”, Universitext.
Springer, 2009.
4. C. M. Bender, S. A. Orszag, “Advanced mathematical methods for Scientists and Engineers”,
Springer Verlag, 1999.
 Course Title : Calculus of Several Variables
Course Code : MA705
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the notion of limits, continuity, differentiation and integration in the higher
dimensional euclidean spaces.
Course Contents:
Differentiability of functions from an open subset of Rn to Rm and properties, chain
rule, partial and directional derivatives, Continuously differentiable functions, Inverse
function theorem, Implicit function theorem, Interchange of order of differentiation,
Taylor’s series, Extrema of a function, Extremum problems with constraints, Lagrange
multiplier method with applications, Integration of functions of several variables,
Change of variable formula (without proof) with examples of applications of the
formula, spherical coordinates, Stokes theorem (without proof), Deriving Green’s
theorem, Gauss theorem and Classical Stokes theorem.
Text Books:
1. W. Fleming, “Functions of Several Variables”, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer-
Verlag, 1977.
2. T. M. Apostol, “Calculus Vol. II”, Wiley-India edition, 2009.

References:
1. W. Kaplan, “Advanced Calculus”, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1984.
2. T. M. Apostol, “Mathematical Analysis”, Narosa Publishing House, 2013.
 Course Title : Groups & Rings
Course Code : MA706
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the properties of group actions and their various applications. Under-
standing the various ring structures, especially polynomial rings over fields.
Course Contents:
Group Theory: Dihedral and Permutation groups, normal subgroups, group homo-
morphisms (Review only). Group isomorphism theorems, Group actions, Sylow’s the-
orem, Simplicity of the alternating groups, Direct and semi-direct products, Structure
of finitely generated abelian group (statement only).
Ring Theory: Properties of Ideals, Isomorphism theorems, Chinese remainder theo-
rem, Field of fractions, Euclidean Domains, Principal Ideal Domains, Unique Factor-
ization Domains, Polynomial rings, Gauss lemma, Irreducibility criteria.
Textbooks:

1. Dummit, D. S.; Foote, R. M.; Abstract Algebra, Third Edition, John Wiley &
Sons.

References:

1. Hungerford, T. W.; Algebra, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 73, Springer.

2. Burton, David; A First Course in Rings and Ideals. Addison-Wesley.

3. Artin, M.; Algebra, Prentice Hall, 1991.

 Course Title : Measure & Integration
Course Code : MA707
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be familiar with various ad-
vanced concepts and techniques from measure theory.
Course Contents:
Abstract measure. Construction of Lebesgue measure. Measurable functions. Inte-
gration. Comparison of Riemann and Lebesgue integration. Convergence in measure.
Monotone convergence theorem. Dominated convergence theorem. Fatou’s lemma.
Product measures (including infinite product). Fubini’s theorem. Convolutions.
Change of variables. Integration in polar co-ordinates.
Signed measures and Radon-Nikodym theorem. Lp spaces. Dual of Lp spaces. Com-
plex measures. Riesz representation theorem.

Textbooks:

1. G. B. Folland, Real Analysis, Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley

& Sons, 1999.
2. S. Kesavan, Measure and Integration, Texts and Readings in Mathematics
77, Hindustan Book Agency, 2019.

References:

1. W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1986.

2. H. L. Royden, Real Analysis, Prentice-Hall of India, 2012.
3. R. B. Ash; C. A. Doléans-Dade, Probabilty and Measure Theory, Academic
Press, 2nd Edition.
 Course Title : Probability Theory
Course Code : MA708
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the basic theory of probability starting from axiomatic definition of
probability up to limit theorems of probability.
Course Contents:
Combinatorial probability and urn models; Conditional probability and independence;
Random variables – discrete and continuous; Expectations, variance and moments of
random variables; Transformations of univariate random variables; Jointly distributed
random variables; Conditional expectation; Generating functions; Limit theorems;
Simple symmetric random walk.
Text Books:
1. S. Ross, “A First Course in Probability”, Pearson Education, 2012.
2. D. Stirzaker, “Elementary Probability”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003.

References:
1. K. L. Chung, F. AitSahlia, “Elementary Probability Theory”, Undergraduate Texts in Math-
ematics. Springer-Verlag, 2003.
2. P. G. Hoel, S. C. Port, C. J. Stone, “Introduction to Probability Theory”, The Houghton
Mifflin Series in Statistics. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1971.
3. W. Feller, “An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications Vol. 1 and Vol. 2”,
John Wiley & Sons, 1968, 1971.
 Course Title : Complex Analysis
Course Code : MA709
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the concept of (complex) differentiation and integration of functions defined
on the complex plane and their properties.
Course Contents:
Algebraic and geometric representation of complex numbers; elementary functions in-
cluding the exponential functions and its relatives (log, cos, sin, cosh, sinh, etc.); con-
cept of holomorphic (analytic) functions, complex derivative and the Cauchy-Riemann
equations; harmonic functions. Conformal Mapping, Linear Fractional Transforma-
tions, Complex line integrals and Cauchy Integral formula, Representation of holo-
morpic functions in terms of power series, Morera’s theorem, Cauchy estimates and
Liouville’s theorem, zeros of holomorphic functions, Uniform limits of holomorphic
functions. Behaviour of holomorphic function near an isolated singularity, Laurent
expansions, Counting zeros and poles, Argument principle, Rouche’s theorem, Cal-
culus of residues and evaluation of integrals using contour integration. The Open
Mapping theorem, Maximum Modulus Principle, Schwarz Lemma.
Text Books:
1. J. B. Conway, “Functions of One Complex Variable”, Narosa Publishing House, 2002.
2. R. E. Greene, S. G. Krantz, “Function Theory of One Complex Variable”, American Mathe-
matical Society, 2011.

References:
1. W. Rudin, “Real and Complex Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.
2. L. V. Ahlfors, “Complex Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.
3. T. W. Gamelin, “Complex Analysis”, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, 2006.
4. E. M. Stein, R. Shakarchi, “Complex Analysis”, Princeton University Press, 2003.
 Course Title : Graph Theory
Course Code : MA710
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the fundamentals of graph theory and learning the structure of graphs
and techniques used to analyze different problems
Course Contents:
Graphs, subgraphs, graph isomorphisms, degree sequence, paths, cycles, trees, bipar-
tite graphs, Hamilton cycles, Euler tours, directed graphs, matching, Tutte’s theorem,
connectivity, Menger’s theorem, planar graphs, Kuratowski’s theorem, vertex and
edge colouring of graphs, network flows, max-flow min-cut theorem, Ramsey theory
for graphs, matrices associated with graphs.
Text Book:
1. R. Diestel, “Graph Theory”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 173. Springer, 2010.

References:
1. B. Bollobas, “Modern Graph Theory”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 184. Springer-Verlag,
1998.
2. F. Harary, “Graph Theory”, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1969.
3. J. A. Bondy, U. S. R. Murty, “Graph Theory”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 244. Springer,
2008.
 Course Title : Functional Analysis
Course Code : MA801
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the concept of normed linear space and various properties of operators
defined on them.
Course Contents:
Normed linear spaces and continuous linear transformations, Hahn-Banach theorem
(analytic and geometric versions), Baire’s theorem and its consequences – three basic
principles of functional analysis (open mapping theorem, closed graph theorem and
uniform boundedness principle), Computing the dual of wellknown Banach spaces,
Hilbert spaces, Riesz representation theorem, Adjoint operator, Compact operators,
Spectral theorem for compact self adjoint operators.
Text Books:
1. J. B. Conway, “A Course in Functional Analysis”, Graduates Texts in Mathematics 96,
Springer, 2006.
2. B. Bollobás, “Linear Analysis”, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

References:
1. G. F. Simmons, “Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.
 Course Title : Module Theory
Course Code : MA802
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding of the basic theory of modules, category and functors, algebras.
Course Contents:
Modules, submodules, module homomorphisms, quotient modules, isomorphism the-
orems, Direct Sum of modules, finitely generated modules, Free modules, structure
theorem of finitely generated modules over PID. Tensor product of modules.
Over commutative rings with identity: Categories and Functors, exact functors,
Hom and Tensor functors, Localization of modules, Direct and Inverse Limit of mod-
ules, Projective, Injective and Flat modules, Ext, Tor. Algebras, Tensor Algebras,
Symmetric Algebras, Exterior Algebras, Determinants. Length of Modules, Noethe-
rian and Artinian modules, Hilbert Basis Theorem.
Text Books:
1. Dummit, D.S.; Foote, R.M.; Abstract Algebra, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Rotman, J.; An Introduction to Homological Algebra, Springer, 2009.
3. Sing, Balwant; Basic Commutative Algebra, World Scientific, 2011.

References:
1. Lang, S.; Algebra, Revised Third Edition, Springer, GTM 211.
2. Weibel, Charles A.; An Introduction to Homological Algebra, Cambridge University Press,
1995.
3. Atiyah, M.F.; McDonald, I.G.; Introduction to Commutative Algebra, CRC Press, 2018.
 Course Title : Topology
Course Code : MA803
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning abstract notion of topological spaces, continuous functions between

topological spaces, Ursysohn Lemma, Tietze extension theorem and Tychonoff
Theorem which they have learned in a particular setting of “Metric Space’”

• Lerning basic notions of fundamental groups and covering spaces and some of
its applications

Course Contents:
Topological Spaces, Open and closed sets, Interior, Closure and Boundary of sets,
Basis for Topology, Product Topology, Subspace Topology, Metric Topology, Com-
pact Spaces, Locally compact spaces, Continuous functions, Open map, Homeomor-
phisms, Function Spaces, Separation Axioms: T1, Hausdorff, regular, normal spaces;
Uryshon’s lemma, Tietze Extension Theorem, One point compactification, Connected
Spaces, Path Connected Spaces, Quotient Topology, Homotopic Maps, Deformation
Retract, Contractible Spaces, Fundamental Group, The Brouwer fixed-point theorem.
Text Books:
1. J. R.Munkres, “Topology”, Prentice-Hall of India, 2013.
2. M. A. Armstrong, “Basic Topology”, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag,
1983.

References:
1. J. L. Kelley, “General Topology”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, No. 27. Springer-Verlag,
New York-Berlin, 1975.
2. K. Jänich, “Topology”, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, 1984.
3. W. G. Chinn, N. E. Steenrod, “First concepts of Topology”, The Mathematical Association
of America, 1978.
 Course Title : Geometry of Curves and Surfaces
Course Code : MA804
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Knowledge on curves and surfaces, manifold and vector field some application on
geometry of surfaces.
Course Contents:
Curves in two and three dimensions, Curvature and torsion for space curves, Existence
theorem for space curves, Serret-Frenet formula for space curves, Jacobian theorem,
Surfaces in R3 as 2-dimensional manifolds, Tangent spaces and derivatives of maps
between manifolds, Geodesics, First fundamental form, Orientation of a surface, Sec-
ond fundamental form and the Gauss map, Mean curvature, Gaussian Curvature,
Differential forms, Integration on surfaces, Stokes formula, Gauss-Bonnet theorem.
Text Books:
1. M. P. Do Carmo, “Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces”, Prentice Hall, 1976.
2. Andrew Pressley, “Elementary Differential Geometry”, Springer, 2010.

References:
1. M. P. Do Carmo, “Differential Forms and Applications”, Springer, 1994.
2. J. A. Thorpe, “Elementary Topics in Differential Geometry”, Undergraduate texts in math-
ematics, Springer, 2011.
 Course Title : Partial Differential Equations
Course Code : MA805
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning the explicit representations of solutions of four important classes of

PDEs, namely, Transport equations, Heat equation, Laplace equation and wave
equation for initial value problems.

• Learning the properties of solutions of these equations such as mean value prop-
erty, maximum principles and regularity.

• Understanding Cauchy-Kowalevski Theorem and uniqueness theorem of Holm-

green for quasilinear equations.

Course Contents:
Classification of Partial Differential Equations, Cauchy Problem, Cauchy-Kowalevski
Theorem, Lagrange-Green identity, The uniquness theorem of Holmgren, Transport
equation: Initial value problem, nonhomogeneous problem. Laplace equation: Fun-
damental solution, Mean Value formula, properties of Harmonic functions, Green’s
function, Energy methods, Harnack’s inequality. Heat Equation: Fundamental so-
lution, Mean value formula, properties of solutions. Wave equation: Solution by
spherical means, Nonhomogeneous problem, properties of solutions.
Textbooks:
1. L. C. Evans, “Partial Differential Equations”, Graduate Studies in Mathematics 19, American
Mathematical Society, 2010.
2. F. John, “Partial Differential Equations”, Springer International Edition, 2009.

References:
1. G. B. Folland, “Introduction to Partial Differential Equations”, Princeton University Press,
1995.
2. S. Kesavan, “Topics in Functional Analysis and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
 Course Title : Field Theory
Course Code : MA806
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the basic properties of fields including the fundamental theorem of Galois
theory.
Course Contents:
Field extensions, algebraic extensions, Ruler and compass constructions, splitting
fields, algebraic closures, separable and inseparable extensions, cyclotomic polyno-
mials and extensions, automorphism groups and fixed fields, Galois extensions, Fun-
damental theorem of Galois theory, Fundamental theorem of algebra, Finite fields,
Galois group of polynomials, Computations of Galois groups over rationals, Solvable
groups, nilpotent groups, Solvability by radicals, Transcendental extensions.
Text Book:
1. D. S. Dummit, R. M. Foote, “Abstract Algebra”, Wiley-India edition, 2013.

References:
1. I. N. Herstein, “Topics in Algebra”, Wiley-India edition, 2013.
2. M. Artin, “Algebra”, Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.
3. J. Rotman, “Galois Theory”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 1998.
4. S. Lang, “Algebra”, Revised Third Edition. Spinger.
 Course Title : Algebraic Topology
Course Code : MA901
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Core
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Understanding the basics of fundamental group (π1 ) and singular homology.

• Learning different techniques to compute the fundamental group such as homo-

topy invariance and Van-Kampen Theorem.

• Learning different techniques to compute singular homology of a space, includ-

ing homotopy invariance, Mayer-Vietoris, excision, long exact sequence.

Course Contents:
Homotopy Theory: Simply Connected Spaces, Covering Spaces, Universal Covering
Spaces, Deck Transformations, Path lifting lemma, Homotopy lifting lemma, Group
Actions, Properly discontinuous action, free groups, free product with amalgamation,
Seifert-Van Kampen Theorem, Borsuk-Ulam Theorem for sphere, Jordan Separa-
tion Theorem. Homology Theory: Simplexes, Simplicial Complexes, Triangulation
of spaces, Simplicial Chain Complexes, Simplicial Homology, Singular Chain Com-
plexes, Cycles and Boundary, Singular Homology, Relative Homology, Short Exact
Sequences, Long Exact Sequences, Mayer-Vietoris sequence, Excision Theorem, In-
variance of Domain.
Text Books:
1. J. R. Munkres, “Topology”, Prentice-Hall of India, 2013.
2. A. Hatcher, “Algebraic Topology”, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

References:
1. G. E. Bredon, “Topology and Geometry”, Graduates Texts in Mathematics 139, Springer,
2009.
 Syllabus of Elective Courses

Course Title : Representations of Finite Groups

Course Code : MA851
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the representation of finite groups via character theory.
Course Contents:
Group representations, Maschke’s theorem and completely reducibility, Characters,
Inner product of Characters, Orthogonality relations, Burnside’s theorem, induced
characters, Frobenius reciprocity, induced representations, Mackey’s Irreducibility
Criterion, Character table of some well-known groups, Representation theory of the
symmetric group: partitions and tableaux, constructing the irreducible representa-
tions.
Text Book:
1. G. James, M. Liebeck, “Representations and Characters of Groups”, Cambridge University
Press, 2010.

References:
1. J. L. Alperin, R. B. Bell, “Groups and Representations”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics
162, Springer, 1995.
2. B. Steinberg, “Representation Theory of Finite Groups”, Universitext, Springer, 2012.
3. J-P. Serre, “Linear Representations of Finite Groups”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 42,
Springer-Verlag, 1977.
4. B. Simon, “Representations of Finite and Compact Groups”, Graduate Studies in Mathemat-
ics 10, American Mathematical Society, 2009.
 Course Title : Advanced Complex Analysis
Course Code : MA852
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Leraning some important theorems in complex analysis such as Riemann map-

ping theorem, Weirstrass factorization theorem, Runge’s theorem, Hardamard
factorization theorem, Little Picard’s theorem and Great Picard’s theorem.

• Learning some basic techniques of harmonic functions and characterization of

Dirichlet Region.

Course Contents:
Review of basic Complex Analysis: Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem
and estimates, power series expansions, maximum modulus principle, Classification
of singularities and calculus of residues. Space of continuous functions, Arzela’s
theorem, Spaces of analytic functions, Spaces of meromorphic functions, Riemann
mapping theorem, Weierstrass Factorization theorem, Runge’s theorem, Simple con-
nectedness, Mittag-Leffler’s theorem, Analytic continuation, Schwarz reflection prin-
ciple, Mondromy theorem, Jensen’s formula, Genus and order of an entire function,
Hadamard factorization theorem, Little Picard theorem, Great Picard theorem, Har-
monic functions.
References:
1. L. V. Ahlfors, “Complex Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.
2. J. B. Conway, “Functions of One Complex Variable II”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 159,
Springer-Verlag, 1996.
3. W. Rudin, “Real and Complex Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.
4. R. Remmert, “Theory of Complex Functions”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 122, Springer,
2008.
 Course Title : Advanced Functional Analysis
Course Code : MA853
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the concept of topological vector space, as a generalisation of normed
linear spaces, and various properties of operators defined on them.
Course Contents:
Definition and examples of topological vector spaces (TVS) and locally convex spaces
(LCS); Linear operators; Hahn-Banach Theorems for TVS/ LCS (analytic and geo-
metric forms); Uniform boundedness principle; Open mapping theorem; Closed graph
thoerem; Weak and weak* vector topologies; Bipolar theorem; dual of LCS spaces;
Krein-Milman theorem for TVS; Krien-Smulyan theorem for Banach spaces; Induc-
tive and projective limit of LCS.
References:
1. W. Rudin, “Functional Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007.
2. A. P. Robertson, W. Robertson, “Topological Vector Spaces”, Cambridge Tracts in Mathe-
matics 53, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
3. J. B. Conway, “A Course in Functional Analysis”, Graduates Texts in Mathematics 96,
Springer, 2006.
 Course Title : Introduction to Stochastic Processes
Course Code : MA854
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the theory of discrete time and continuous time Markov chains.
Course Contents:
Discrete Markov chains with countable state space; Classification of states: recur-
rences, transience, periodicity. Stationary distributions, reversible chains, Several
illustrations including the Gambler’s Ruin problem, queuing chains, birth and death
chains etc. Poisson process, continuous time Markov chain with countable state space,
continuous time birth and death chains.
References:
1. P. G. Hoel, S. C. Port, C. J. Stone, “Introduction to Stochastic Processes”, Houghton Mifflin
Co., 1972.
2. R. Durrett, “Essentials of Stochastic Processes”, Springer Texts in Statistics, Springer, 2012.
3. G. R. Grimmett, D. R. Stirzaker, “Probability and Random Processes”, Oxford University
Press, 2001.
4. S. M. Ross, “Stochastic Processes”, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics: Probability
and Statistics, John Wiley & Sons, 1996
 Course Title : Algebraic Geometry
Course Code : MA855
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning the fundamentals of classical algebraic geometry.

• Learning about the theory of Riemann surfaces, divisors, line bundles, Chern
Classes and the Riemann Roch Theorem.

Course Contents:
Prime ideals and primary decompositions, Ideals in polynomial rings, Hilbert Basis
theorem, Noether normalisation lemma, Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz, Affine and Projec-
tive varieties, Zariski Topology, Rational functions and morphisms, Elementary di-
mension theory, Smoothness, Curves, Divisors on curves, Bezout’s theorem, Riemann-
Roch for curves, Line bundles on Projective spaces.
References:
1. K. Hulek, “Elementary Algebraic Geometry”, Student Mathematical Library 20, American
Mathematical Society, 2003.
2. I. R. Shafarevich, “Basic Algebraic Geometry 1: Varieties in Projective Space”, Springer,
2013.
3. J. Harris, “Algebraic geometry”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 133, Springer-Verlag, 1995.
4. M. Reid, “Undergraduate Algebraic Geometry”, London Mathematical Society Student Texts
12, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
5. K. E. Smith et. al., “An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag,
2000.
6. R. Hartshorne, “Algebraic Geometry”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 52, Springer-Verlag,
1977.
 Course Title : Algebraic Graph Theory
Course Code : MA856
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the different algebraic techniques used in the study of the graphs
Course Contents:
Adjacency matrix of a graph and its eigenvalues, Spectral radius of graphs, Regular
graphs and Line graphs, Strongly regular graphs, Cycles and Cuts, Laplacian matrix
of a graph, Algebraic connectivity, Laplacian spectral radius of graphs, Distance
matrix of a graph, General properties of graph automorphisms, Transitive and Arc-
tranisitve graphs, Symmetric graphs.
References:
1. N. Biggs, “Algebraic Graph Theory”, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
2. C. Godsil, G. Royle, “Algebraic Graph Theory”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 207, Springer-
Verlag, 2001.
3. R. B. Bapat, “Graphs and Matrices”, Universitext, Springer, Hindustan Book Agency, New
Delhi, 2010.
 Course Title : Algebraic Number Theory
Course Code : MA857
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the basic properties of number fields, computation of class numbers
and zeta functions.
Course Contents:
Number Fields and Number rings, prime decomposition in number rings, Dedekind
domains, Ideal class group, Galois theory applied to prime decomposition, Gauss
reciprocity law, Cyclotomic fields and their ring of integers, finiteness of ideal class
group, Dirichlet unit theorem, valuations and completions of number fields, Dedekind
zeta function and distribution of ideal in a number ring.
References:
1. D. A. Marcus, “Number Fields”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 1977.
2. G. J. Janusz, “Algebraic Number Fields”, Graduate Studies in Mathematics 7, American
Mathematical Society, 1996.
3. S. Alaca, K. S. Williams, “Introductory Algebraic Number Theory”, Cambridge University
Press, 2004.
4. S. Lang, “Algebraic Number Theory”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 110, Springer-Verlag,
1994.
5. A. Frohlich, M. J. Taylor, “Algebraic Number Theory”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced
Mathematics 27, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
6. J. Neukirch, “Algebraic Number Theory”, Springer-Verlag, 1999.
 Course Title : Algorithm
Course Code : MA858
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning data structure, design and analysis algorithms.

• Understanding some important algorithms like sortings, graph theoretics, poly-

nomial related and optimization related.

Course Contents:
Algorithm analysis, asymptotic notation, probabilistic analysis; Data Structure: stack,
queues, linked list, hash table, binary search tree, red-black tree; Sorting: heap sort,
quick sort, sorting in linear time; Algorithm design: divide and conquer, greedy al-
gorithms, dynamic programming; Algebraic algorithms: Winograd’s and Strassen’s
matrix multiplication algorithm, evaluation of polynomials, DFT, FFT, efficient FFT
implementation; Graph algorithms: breadth-first and depth-first search, minimum
spanning trees, single-source shortest paths, all-pair shortest paths, maximum flow;
NP-completeness and approximation algorithms.
References:
1. A. V. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft, J. D. Ullman, “The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms”,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1975.
2. T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R. L. Rivest, C. Stein, “Introduction to Algorithms”, MIT
Press, Cambridge, 2009.
3. E. Horowitz, S. Sahni, “Fundamental of Computer Algorithms”, Galgotia Publication, 1987.
4. D. E. Knuth, “The Art of Computer Programming Vol. 1, Vol. 2, Vol 3”, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Co., 1997, 1998, 1998.
 Course Title : Cryptology
Course Code : MA859
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning the basics of cryptography and cryptanalysis.

• Understanding the theory and design of cryptographic schemes like stream ci-
phers, block ciphers and public key ciphers like RSA, El-Gamal, elliptic curve
cryptosystem.

• Learning about data authentication, integrity and secret sharing.

Course Contents:
Overview of Cryptography and cryptanalysis, some simple cryptosystems (e.g., shift,
substitution, affine, knapsack) and their cryptanalysis, classification of cryptosys-
tems, classification of attacks; Information Theoretic Ideas: Perfect secrecy, entropy;
Secret key cryptosystem: stream cipher, LFSR based stream ciphers, cryptanalysis of
stream cipher (e.g., correlation attack, algebraic attacks), block cipher, DES, linear
and differential cryptanalysis, AES; Public-key cryptosystem: Implementation and
cryptanalysis of RSA, ElGamal public-key cryptosystem, Discrete logarithm prob-
lem, elliptic curve cryptography; Data integrity and authentication: Hash functions,
message authentication code, digital signature scheme, ElGamal signature scheme;
Secret sharing: Shamir’s threshold scheme, general access structure and secret shar-
ing.
References:
1. D. R. Stinson, “Cryptography: Theory And Practice”, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2006.
2. A. J. Menezes, P. C. van Oorschot, S. A. Vanstone, “Handbook of Applied Cryptography”,
CRC Press, 1997.
 Course Title : Finite Fields
Course Code : MA860
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the structures of finite fields, factorization of polynomials, some ap-
plications towards cryptography, coding theory and combinatorics.
Course Contents:
Structure of finite fields: characterization, roots of irreducible polynomials, traces,
norms and bases, roots of unity, cyclotomic polynomial, representation of elements
of finite fields, Wedderburn’s theorem; Polynomials over finite field: order of polyno-
mials, primitive polynomials, construction of irreducible polynomials, binomials and
trinomials, factorization of polynomials over small and large finite fields, calculation
of roots of polynomials; Linear recurring sequences: LFSR, characteristic polyno-
mial, minimal polynomial, characterization of linear recurring sequences, Berlekamp-
Massey algorithm; Applications of finite fields: Applications in cryptography, coding
theory, finite geometry, combinatorics.
References:
1. R. Lidl, H. Neiderreiter, “Finite Fields”, Cambridge university press, 2000.
2. G. L. Mullen, C. Mummert, “Finite Fields and Applications”, American Mathematical Soci-
ety, 2007.
3. A. J. Menezes et. al., “Applications of Finite Fields”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993.
4. Z-X. Wan, “Finite Fields and Galois Rings”, World Scientific Publishing Co., 2012.
 Course Title : Information and Coding Theory
Course Code : MA861
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning how to measure information and encoding of information.

• Understanding the theory and techniques of error correcting codes like Reed-
Muller codes, BCH codes, Reed-Solomon codes, Algebraic codes.

Course Contents:
Information Theory: Entropy, Huffman coding, Shannon-Fano coding, entropy of
Markov process, channel and mutual information, channel capacity;
Error correcting codes: Maximum likelihood decoding, nearest neighbour decoding,
linear codes, generator matrix and parity-check matrix, Hamming bound, Gilbert-
Varshamov bound, binary Hamming codes, Plotkin bound, nonlinear codes, Reed-
Muller codes, Cyclic codes, BCH codes, Reed-Solomon codes, Algebraic codes.
References:
1. R. W. Hamming, “Coding and Information Theory”, Prentice-Hall, 1986.
2. N. J. A. Sloane, F. J. MacWilliams, “Theory of Error Correcting Codes”, North-Holland
Mathematical Library 16, North-Holland, 2007.
3. S. Ling, C. Xing, “Coding Theory: A First Course”, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
4. W. C. Haffman, V. Pless, “Fundamentals of Error-Coding Codes”, Cambridge University
Press, 2003.
5. S. Lin, “An Introduction to Error-Correcting Codes”, Prentice-Hall, 1970.
 Course Title : Mathematical Logic
Course Code : MA862
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning the propositional logic and first order theory.

• Understanding the completeness and compactness theorems with Godel’s in-

completeness theorem.

Course Contents:
Propositional Logic, Tautologies and Theorems of propositional Logic, Tautology
Theorem. First Order Logic: First order languages and their structures, Proofs in
a first order theory, Model of a first order theory, validity theorems, Metatheorems
of a first order theory, e. g., theorems on constants, equivalence theorem, deduction
and variant theorems etc. Completeness theorem, Compactness theorem, Extensions
by definition of first order theories, Interpretations theorem, Recursive functions,
Arithmatization of first order theories, Godel’s first Incompleteness theorem, Rudi-
ments of model theory including Lowenheim-Skolem theorem and categoricity.
References:
1. J. R. Shoenfield, “Mathematical logic”, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1967.
2. E. Mendelson, “Introduction to Mathematical Logic”, Chapman & Hall, 1997.
 Course Title : Nonlinear Analysis
Course Code : MA863
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning calculus in Banach Spaces, degree theory and it’s application for fixed
point theorems of Brouwer and Schauder.

• Learning homotopy, homotopy extension and invariance theorems and its ap-
plications.

Course Contents:
Calculus in Banach spaces, inverse and multiplicit function theorems, fixed point
theorems of Brouwer, Schauder and Tychonoff, fixed point theorems for nonexpansive
and set-valued maps, predegree results, compact vector fields, homotopy, homotopy
extension, invariance theorems and applications.
References:
1. S. Kesavan, “Nonlinear Functional Analysis”, Texts and Readings in Mathematics 28, Hin-
dustan Book Agency, 2004.
 Course Title : Operator Theory
Course Code : MA864
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the concepts of C*-algebra, von-Neuman algebra and toeplitz operators and
the notion of index for Fredholm operators.
Course Contents:
Compact operators on Hilbert Spaces. (a) Fredholm Theory (b) Index, C*-algebras
- noncommutative states and representations, Gelfand-Neumark representation the-
orem, Von-Neumann Algebras; Projections, Double Commutant theorem, L∞ func-
tionalCalculus, Toeplitz operators.
References:
1. W. Arveson, “An invitation to C*-algebras”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, No. 39.
Springer-Verlag, 1976.
2. N. Dunford and J. T. Schwartz, “Linear operators. Part II: Spectral theory. Self adjoint
operators in Hilbert space”, Interscience Publishers John Wiley i& Sons 1963.
3. R. V. Kadison and J. R. Ringrose, “Fundamentals of the theory of operator algebras. Vol. I.
Elementary theory”, Pure and Applied Mathematics, 100, Academic Press, Inc., 1983.
4. V. S. Sunder, “An invitation to von Neumann algebras”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 1987.
 Course Title : Theory of Computation
Course Code : MA865
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning Automata and Language theory by studying automata and context

free language.

• Learning Computability theory by studying Turing machine and halting prob-

lem.

• Learning Complexity theory by studying P and NP class problems.

Course Contents:
Automata and Language Theory: Finite automata, regular expression, pumping
lemma, context free grammar, context free languages, Chomsky normal form, push
down automata, pumping lemma for CFL; Computability: Turing machines, Churh-
Turing thesis, decidability, halting problem, reducibility, recursion theorem; Com-
plexity: Time complexity of Turing machines, Classes P and NP, NP completeness,
other time classes, the time hierarchy.
References:
1. J. E. Hopcroft, R. Motwani, J. D. Ullman, “Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages,
and Computation”, Addison-Wesley, 2006.
2. H. Lewis, C. H. Papadimitriou, “Elements of the Theory of Computation”, Prentice-Hall,
1997.
3. M. Sipser, “Introduction to the Theory of Computation”, PWS Publishing, 1997.
 Course Title : Abstract Harmonic Analysis
Course Code : MA866
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Knowledge on Haar measure, convolution structure on Lie group with emphasize to
harmonic analysis on the groups Circle and real line.
Course Contents:
Topological Groups: Basic properties of topological groups, subgroups, quotient
groups. Examples of various matrix groups. Connected groups. Haar measure:
Discussion of Haar measure without proof on R, T, Z and simple matrix groups,
Convolution, the Banach algebra L1 (G) and convolution with special emphasis on
L1 (R), L1 (T) and L1 (Z). Basic Representation Theory: Unitary representation of
groups, Examples and General properties, The representations of Group and Group
algebras, C ∗ -algebra of a group, GNS construction, Positive definite functions, Schur’s
Lemma. Abelian Groups: Fourier transform and its properties, Approximate iden-
tities in L1 (G), Classical Kernels on R, The Fourier inversion Theorem, Plancherel
theorem on R, Plancherel measure on R, T, Z. Dual Group of an Abelian Group:
The Dual group of a locally compact abelian group, Computation of dual groups for
R, T, Z, Pontryagin’s Duality theorem.
References:
1. G. B. Folland, “A Course in Abstract Harmonic Analysis”, CRC Press, 2000.
2. H. Helson, “Harmonic Analysis”, Texts and Readings in Mathematics, Hindustan Book
Agency, 2010.
3. Y. Katznelson, “An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis”, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
4. L. H. Loomis, “An Introduction to Abstract Harmonic Analysis”, Dover Publication, 2011.
5. E. Hewitt, K. A. Ross, “Abstract Harmonic Analysis Vol. I”, Springer-Verlag, 1979.
6. W. Rudin, “Real and Complex Analysis”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.
 Course Title : Advanced Number Theory
Course Code : MA867
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning p-adic numbers, quadratic forms, Dirichlet series and modular forms.
Course Contents:
Review of Finite fields, Gauss Sums and Jacobi Sums, Cubic and biquadratic reci-
procity, Polynomial equations over finite fields, Theorems of Chevally and Warning,
Quadratic forms over prime fields. Ring of p-adic integers, Field of p-adic numbers,
completion, p-adic equations, Hensel’s lemma, Hilbert symbol, Quadratic forms with
p-adic coefficients. Dirichlet series: Abscissa of convergence and absolute convergence,
Riemann Zeta function and Dirichlet L-functions. Dirichlet’s theorem on primes in
arithmetic progression. Functional equation and Euler product for L-functions. Mod-
ular Forms and the Modular Group, Eisenstein series, Zeros and poles of modular
functions, Dimensions of the spaces of modular forms, The j-invariant L-function
associated to modular forms, Ramanujan τ function.
References:
1. J.-P. Serre, “A Course in Arithmetic”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 7, Springer-Verlag,
1973.
2. K. Ireland, M. Rosen, “A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory”, Graduate Texts
in Mathematics 84, Springer-Verlag, 1990.
3. H. Hasse, “Number Theory”, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, 2002.
4. W. Narkiewicz, “Elementary and Analytic Theory of Algebraic Numbers”, Springer Mono-
graphs in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, 2004.
5. F. Q. Gouvêa, “p-adic Numbers”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 1997.
 Course Title : Advanced Probability
Course Code : MA868
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning about measure theoretic probability starting from probability spaces to the-
ory of martingales.
Course Contents:
Probability spaces, Random Variables, Independence, Zero-One Laws, Expectation,
Product spaces and Fubini’s theorem, Convergence concepts, Law of large numbers,
Kolmogorov three-series theorem, Levy-Cramer Continuity theorem, CLT for i.i.d.
components, Infinite Products of probability measures, Kolmogorov’s Consistency
theorem, Conditional expectation, Discrete parameter martingales with applications.
References:
1. A. Gut, “Probability: A Graduate Course”, Springer Texts in Statistics, Springer, 2013.
2. K. L. Chung, “A Course in Probability Theory”, Academic Press, 2001.
3. S. I. Resnick, “A Probability Path”, Birkhauser, 1999.
4. P. Billingsley, “Probability and Measure”, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics, John
Wiley & Sons, 2012.
5. J. Jacod, P. Protter, “Probability Essentials”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
6. S. R. S. Varadhan, “Probability Theory”, Courant Lecture Notes, Vol. 7, AMS, 2001.
 Course Title : Algebraic Combinatorics
Course Code : MA869
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the use of different algebraic technique to study the combinatorial problems

Course Contents:
Catalan Matrices and Orthogonal Polynomials, Catalan Numbers and Lattice Paths,
Combinatorial Interpretation of Catalan Numbers, Symmetric Polynomials and Func-
tions, Schur Functions, Jacobi-Trudi identity, RSK Algorithm, Standard Tableaux,
Young diagrams and q-binomial coefficients, Plane Partitions, Group actions on boolean
algebras, Enumeration under group action, Walks in graphs, Cubes and the Radon
transform, Sperner property, Matrix-Tree Theorem.
References:
1. R. P. Stanley, “Algebraic Combinatorics”, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer,
2013.
2. M. Aigner, “A Course in Enumeration”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 238, Springer, 2007.
3. R. P. Stanley, “Enumerative Combinatorics Vol. 2”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Math-
ematics 62, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
 Course Title : Foundations of Cryptography
Course Code : MA870
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the theoretical study of cryptography which puts foundation for the
study and design of real-life cryptography.
Course Contents:
Introduction to cryptography and computational model, computational difficulty,
pseudorandom generators, zero-knowledge proofs, encryption schemes, digital sig-
nature and message authentication schemes, cryptographic protocol.
References:
1. O. Goldreich, “Foundations of Cryptography - Vol. I and Vol. II”, Cambridge University
Press, 2001, 2004.
2. S. Goldwasser, Mihir Bellare, “Lecture Notes on Cryptography”, 2008, available online from
http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/ mihir/papers/gb.html
 Course Title : Incidence Geometry
Course Code : MA871
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding different kinds of incidence structures such as projective spaces, affine
spaces, generalized quadrangles, polar spaces and quadratic sets.
Course Contents:
Definitions and Exampleas, projective planes, affine planes, projective spaces, affine
spaces, collineations of projective and affine spaces, fundamental theorem of projective
and affine spaces, polar spaces, generalized quadrangles, quadrics and quadratic sets.
References:
1. J. Ueberberg, “Foundations of Incidence Geometry”, Springer Monographs in Mathematics,
Springer, 2011.
2. L. M. Batten, “Combinatorics of Finite Geometries”, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
3. Bart De Bruyn,“An Introduction to Incidence Geometry”, Frontiers in Mathematics, Birkhauser/Springer,
Cham 2016.
4. Gyorgy Kiss and Tamas Szonyi, “Finite Geometries”, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2020.
5. G. E. Moorhouse, “Incidence Geometry”, 2007, available online from
http://www.uwyo.edu/moorhouse/handouts/incidence geometry.pdf
 Course Title : Lie Algebras
Course Code : MA872
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the basics of Lie Algebra
Course Contents:
Definitions and Examples, Derivations, Ideals, Homomorphisms, Nilpotent Lie Al-
gebras and Engel’s theorem, Solvable Lie Algebras and Lie’s theorem, Jordan de-
composition and Cartan’s criterion, Semisimple Lie algebras, Casimir operator and
Weyl’s theorem, Representations of sl(2, F ), Root space decomposition, Abstract root
systems, Weyl group and Weyl chambers, Classification of irreducible root systems,
Abstract theory of weights, Isomorphism and conjugacy theorems, Universal envelop-
ing algebras and PBW theorem, Representation theory of semi-simple Lie algebras,
Verma modules and Weyl character formula.
References:
1. J. E. Humphreys, “Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory”, Graduate Texts
in Mathematics 9, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
2. K. Erdmann, M. J. Wildon, “Introduction to Lie Algebras”, Springer Undergraduate Math-
ematics Series, Springer-Verlag, 2006.
3. J.-P. Serre, “Complex Semisimple Lie Algebras”, Springer Monographs in Mathematics,
Springer-Verlag, 2001.
4. N. Jacobson, “Lie Algebras”, Dover Publications, 1979.
 Course Title : Advanced Partial Differential Equations
Course Code : MA873
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

Learning the basics of distribution Theory, Sobolev Spaces and their properties.
Course Contents:
Distribution Theory, Sobolev Spaces, Embedding theorems, Trace theorem. Dirichlet,
Neumann and Oblique derivative problem, Weak formulation, Lax–Milgram, Maxi-
mum Principles– Weak and Strong Maximum Principles, Hopf Maximum Principle,
Alexandroff-Bakelmann-Pucci Estimate.
References:
1. L. C. Evans, “Partial Differential Equations”, Graduate Studies in Mathematics 19, American
Mathematical Society, 2010.
2. H. Brezis, “Functional Analysis, Sobolev Spaces and Partial Differential Equations”, Univer-
sitext, Springer, 2011.
3. R. A. Adams, J. J. F. Fournier, “Sobolev Spces”, Pure and Applied Mathematics 140, Else-
vier/Academic Press, 2003.
4. S. Kesavan, “Topics in Functional Analysis and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
5. M. Renardy, R. C. Rogers, “An Introduction to Partial Differential Equations”, Springer,
2008.
 Course Title : Random Graphs
Course Code : MA874
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning random graphs and their applications.
Course Contents:
Models of random graphs and of random graph processes; illustrative examples; ran-
dom regular graphs, configuration model; appearance of the giant component small
subgraphs; long paths and Hamiltonicity; coloring problems; eigenvalues of random
graphs and their algorithmic applications; pseudo-random graphs.
References:
1. N. Alon, J. H. Spencer, “The Probabilistic Method”, John Wiley & Sons, 2008
2. B. Bollobás, “Random Graphs”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 73, Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
3. S. Janson, T. Luczak, A. Rucinski, “Random Graphs”, Wiley-Interscience, 2000.
4. R. Durrett, “Random Graph Dynamics”, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
5. J. H. Spencer, “The Strange Logic of Random Graphs”, Springer-Verlag, 2001.
 Course Title : Randomized Algorithms and Probabilistic Methods
Course Code : MA875
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning how to use probabilistic techniques to different areas of mathematics and
computer science.
Course Contents:
Inequalities of Markov and Chebyshev (median algorithm), first and second mo-
ment method (balanced allocation), inequalities of Chernoff (permutation routing)
and Azuma (chromatic number), rapidly mixing Markov chains (random walk in
hypercubes, card shuffling), probabilistic generating functions (random walk in d-
dimensional lattice)
References:
1. R. Motwani, P. Raghavan, “Randomized Algorithms”, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
2. M. Mitzenmacher, E. Upfal, “Probability and Computing: Randomized algorithms and prob-
abilistic analysis”, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
 Course Title : Introduction to Manifolds
Course Code : MA876
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Knowledge of smooth manifolds, tangent and cotangent spaces, vector bundles, (co)tangent
bundles, vector fields, differential forms, exterior differentiation, De-Rham cohomol-
ogy, integration on manifolds, homotopy invariance of De-Rham cohomology and the
statement of Poincare Duality.
Course Contents:
Differentiable manifolds and maps: Definition and examples, Inverse and implicit
function theorem, Submanifolds, immersions and submersions. The tangent and
cotangent bundle: Vector bundles, (co)tangent bundle as a vector bundle, Vector
fields, flows, Lie derivative. Differential forms and Integration: Exterior differential,
closed and exact forms, Poincaré lemma, Integration on manifolds, Stokes theorem,
De Rham cohomology.
References:
1. Michael Spivak, “A comprehensive introduction to differential geometry”, Vol. 1, 3rd edition,
1999.
2. Frank Warner, “Foundations of differentiable manifolds and Lie groups”, Springer-Verlag,
2nd edition, 1983.
3. John Lee, “Introduction to smooth manifolds”, Springer Verlag, 2nd edition, 2013.
4. Louis Auslander and Robert E. MacKenzie, “Introduction to differentiable manifolds”, Dover,
2nd edition, 2009.
 Course Title : Commutative Algebra
Course Code : MA877
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the various properties of commutative rings, various class of commu-
tative rings, and dimension theory.
Course Contents:
Commutative rings, ideals, operations on ideals, prime and maximal ideals, nilradi-
cals, Jacobson radicals, extension and contraction of ideals, Modules, free modules,
projective modules, exact sequences, tensor product of modules, Restriction and ex-
tension of scalars, localization and local rings, extended and contracted ideals in
rings of fractions, Noetherian modules, Artinian modules, Primary decompositions
and associate primes, Integral extensions, Valuation rings, Discrete valuation rings,
Dedekind domains, Fractional ideals, Completion, Dimension theory.
Text Book:
1. M. F. Atiyah, I. G. Macdonald, “Introduction to Commutative Algebra”, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Co., 1969.

References:
1. R. Y. Sharp, “Steps in Commutative Algebra”, London Mathematical Society Student Texts,
51. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
2. D. S. Dummit, R. M. Foote, “Abstract Algebra”, Wiley-India edition, 2013.
 Course Title : Algebraic Computation
Course Code : MA878
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
It is a unique style of course where the mathematics students having interest in
computation can learn to compute different algebraic problems in computer. Here
students will learn the computation of the problems related (i) linear algebra, (ii)
non-linear system of equations like Grobner bases, (iii) polynomial, (iv) algebraic
number theory and (v) elliptic curve.
Course Contents:
Linear algebra and lattices: Asymptotically fast matrix multiplication algorithms, lin-
ear algebra algorithms, normal forms over fields, Lattice reduction; Solving system of
non-linear equations: Gröbner basis, Buchberger’s algorithms, Complexity of Gröbner
basis computation; Algorithms on polynomials: GCD, Barlekamp-Massey algorithm,
factorization of polynomials over finite field, factorization of polynomials over Z and
Q; Algorithms for algebraic number theory: Representation and operations on alge-
braic numbers, trace, norm, characteristic polynomial, discriminant, integral bases,
polynomial reduction, computing maximal order, algorithms for quadratic fields; El-
liptic curves: Implementation of elliptic curve, algorithms for elliptic curves.
References:
1. A. V. Aho, J. E. Hopcroft, J. D. Ullman, “The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms”,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1975.
2. H. Cohen, “A Course in Computational Algebraic Number Theory”, Graduate Texts in Math-
ematics 138, Springer-Verlag, 1993.
3. D. Cox, J. Little, D. O’shea, “Ideals, Varieties and Algorithms: An introduction to computa-
tional algebraic geometry and commutative algebra”, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics,
Springer-verlag, 2007.
 Course Title : Analytic Number Theory
Course Code : MA879
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the elementary properties of Dirichlet series and distribution of primes.
Course Contents:
Arithmetic functions, Averages of arithmetical functions, Distribution of primes, fi-
nite abelian groups and characters, Gauss sums, Dirichlet series and Euler products,
Reimann Zeta function, Dirichlet L-functions, Analytic proof of the prime number
theorem, Dirichlet Theorem on primes in arithmetic progression.
References:
1. T. M. Apostol, “Introduction to Analytic Number Theory”, Springer International Student
Edition, 2000.
2. K. Chandrasekharan, “Introduction to Analytic Number Theory”, Springer-Verlag, 1968.
3. H. Iwaniec, E. Kowalski, “Analytic Number Theory”, American Mathematical Society Collo-
quium Publications 53, American Mathematical Society, 2004.
 Course Title : Classical Groups
Course Code : MA880
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the basic facts about classical groups defined over fields such as Gen-
eral Linear groups, Special Linear groups, Symplectic groups, Orthogonal groups and
Unitary groups.
Course Contents:
General and special linear groups, bilinear forms, Symplectic groups, symmetric
forms, quadratic forms, Orthogonal geometry, orthogonal groups, Clifford algebras,
Hermitian forms, Unitary spaces, Unitary groups.
References:
1. L. C. Grove, “Classical Groups and Geometric Algebra”, Graduate Studies in Mathematics
39, American Mathematical Society, 2002.
2. E. Artin, “Geometric Algebra”, John Wiley & sons, 1988.
 Course Title : Ergodic Theory
Course Code : MA881
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the basics of Ergodic Theory.
Course Contents:
Measure preserving systems; examples: Hamiltonian dynamics and Liouville’s theo-
rem, Bernoulli shifts, Markov shifts, Rotations of the circle, Rotations of the torus,
Automorphisms of the Torus, Gauss transformations, Skew-product, Poincare Re-
currence lemma: Induced transformation: Kakutani towers: Rokhlin’s lemma. Re-
currence in Topological Dynamics, Birkhoff’s Recurrence theorem, Ergodicity, Weak-
mixing and strong-mixing and their characterizations, Ergodic Theorems of Birkhoff
and Von Neumann. Consequences of the Ergodic theorem. Invariant measures on
compact systems, Unique ergodicity and equidistribution. Weyl’s theorem, The Iso-
morphism problem; conjugacy, spectral equivalence, Transformations with discrete
spectrum, Halmos–von Neumann theorem, Entropy. The Kolmogorov-Sinai theo-
rem. Calculation of Entropy. The Shannon Mc-Millan–Breiman Theorem, Flows.
Birkhoff’s ergodic Theorem and Wiener’s ergodic theorem for flows. Flows built un-
der a function.
References:
1. Peter Walters, “An introduction to ergodic theory”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 79.
Springer-Verlag, 1982.
2. Patrick Billingsley, “Ergodic theory and information”, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Co.,
1978.
3. M. G. Nadkarni, “Basic ergodic theory”, Texts and Readings in Mathematics, 6. Hindustan
Book Agency, 1995.
4. H. Furstenberg, “Recurrence in ergodic theory and combinatorial number theory”, Princeton
University Press, 1981.
5. K. Petersen, “Ergodic theory”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 2. Cambridge
University Press, 1989.
 Course Title : Harmonic Analysis
Course Code : MA882
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
knowldege on Fourier Series, Fourier transforms and celebrated differentiation theo-
rem and important operators like Hilbert transform and Maximal function.
Course Contents:
Fourier series and its convergences, Dirichlet kernel, Frejer kernel, Parseval formula
and its applications. Fourier transforms,the Schwartz space, Distribution and tem-
pered distribution, Fourier Inversion and Plancherel theorem. Fourier analysis on
Lp -spaces. Maximal functions and boundedness of Hilbert transform. Paley-Wiener
Theorem for distribution. Poisson summation formula, Heisenberg uncertainty Prin-
ciple, Wiener’s Tauberian theorem.
References:
1. Y. Katznelson, “An Introduction to Harmonic Analysis”, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
2. E. M. Stein, G. Weiss, “Introduction to Fourier Analysis on Euclidean Spaces”, Princeton
Mathematical Series 32, Princeton University Press, 1971.
3. G. B. Folland, “Fourier Analysis and its Applications”, Pure and Applied Undergraduate
Texts 4, America Mathematical Society, 2010.
4. A. Terras, “Harmonic Analysis on Symmetric Spaces - Euclidean Space, the Sphere, and the
Poincaré Upper Half-Plane”, Second Edition, Springer, 2013.
 Course Title : Lie Groups and Lie Algebras - I
Course Code : MA883
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course: Learning the rudiments of Lie groups and irreducible
representations of compact Lie groups parametrised by Weyl Character formula.
Course Contents:
General Properties: Definition of Lie groups, subgroups, cosets, group actions on
manifolds, homogeneous spaces, classical groups. Exponential and logarithmic maps,
Adjoint representation, Lie bracket, Lie algebras, subalgebras, ideals, stabilizers, cen-
ter Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula, Lie’s Theorems. Structure Theory of Lie
Algebras: Solvable and nilpotent Lie algebras (with Lie/Engel theorems), semisim-
ple and reductive algebras, invariant bilinear forms, Killing form, Cartan criteria,
Jordan decomposition. Complex semisimple Lie algebras, Toral subalgebras, Cartan
subalgebras, Root decomposition and root systems. Weight decomposition, char-
acters, highest weight representations, Verma modules, Classification of irreducible
finite-dimensional representations, BGG resolution, Weyl character formula.
References:
1. D. Bump, “Lie Groups”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 225, Springer, 2013.
2. J. Faraut, “Analysis on Lie Groups”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 110,
Cambridge University Press, 2008.
3. B. C. Hall, “Lie Groups, Lie algebras and Representations”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics
222, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
4. W. Fulton, J. Harris, “Representation Theory: A first course”, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
5. J. E. Humphreys, “Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory”, Graduate Texts
in Mathematics 9, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
6. A. Kirillov, “Introduction to Lie Groups and Lie Algebras”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced
Mathematics 113, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
7. V. S. Varadharajan, “Lie Groups, Lie Algebras and their Representations”, Springer-Verlag,
1984.
 Course Title : Operator Algebras
Course Code : MA884
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course
Learning the concepts and various structure theorems of C*-algebra and von-Neuman
algebra.
Course Contents:
Banach algebras/C*–algebras: Definition and examples; Spectrum of a Banach al-
gebra; Gelfand transform; Gelfand-Naimark theorem for commutative Banach alge-
bras/ C*-algebras; Functional calculus for C*-algebras; Positive cone in a C*-algebra;
Existance of an approximate identity in a C*-algebra; Ideals and Quotients of a
C*-algebra; Positive linear functionals on a C*-algebra; GNS construction. Locally
convex topologies on the algebras of bounded operators on a Hilbert space, von-
Neumann’s bi-commutant theorem; Kaplansky’s density theorem. Ruan’s character-
ization of Operator Spaces (if time permites).
References:
1. R. V. Kadison, J. R. Ringrose, “Fundamentals of the Theory of Operator Algebras Vol. I”,
Graduate Studies in Mathematics 15, American Mathematical Society, 1997.
2. G. K. Pedersen, “C*–algebras and their Automorphism Groups”, London Mathematical So-
ciety Monographs 14, Academic Press, 1979.
3. V. S. Sunder, “An Invitation to von Neumann Algebras”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 1987.
4. M. Takesaki, “Theory of Operator Algebras Vol. I”, Springer-Verlag, 2002.
 Course Title : Representations of Linear Lie Groups
Course Code : MA885
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning the first principles of representations and understanding the important ex-
amples of 3 different types of groups, viz., compact, nilpotent and solvable groups.

Course Contents:
Introduction to topological group, Haar measure on locally compact group, Represen-
tation theory of compact groups, Peter Weyl theorem, Linear Lie groups, Exponential
map, Lie algebra, Invariant Differentail operators, Representation of the group and
its Lie algebra. Fourier analysis on SU (2) and SU (3). Representation theory of
Heisenberg group . Representation of Euclidean motion group.
References:
1. J. E. Humphreys, “Introduction to Lie algebras and representation theory”, Springer-Verlag,
1978.
2. S. C. Bagchi, S. Madan, A. Sitaram, U. B. Tiwari, “A first course on representation theory
and linear Lie groups”, University Press, 2000.
3. Mitsou Sugiura, “Unitary Representations and Harmonic Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons,
1975.
4. Sundaram Thangavelu, “Harmonic Analysis on the Heisenberg Group”, Birkhauser, 1998.
5. Sundaram Thangavelu, “An Introduction to the Uncertainty Principle”, Birkhauser, 2003.
 Course Title : Harmonic Analysis on Compact Groups
Course Code : MA886
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Knowledge on representaion on compact lie groups with examples SU (2), SO(n).
Course Contents:
Review of General Theory: Locally compact groups, Computation of Haar measure
on R, T, SU (2), SO(3) and some simple matrix groups, Convolution, the Banach
algebra L1 (G). Representation Theory: General properties of representations of a
locally compact group, Complete reducibility, Basic operations on representations,
Irreducible representations. Representations of Compact groups: Unitarilzibality of
representations, Matrix coefficients, Schur’s orthogonality relations, Finite dimension-
ality of irreducible representations of compact groups. Various forms of Peter-Weyl
theorem, Fourier analysis on Compact groups, Character of a representation. Schur’s
orthogonality relations among characters. Weyl’s Chracter formula, Computing the
Unitary dual of SU (2), SO(3); Fourier analysis on SO(n).
References:
1. T. Brocker, T. Dieck, “Representations of Compact Lie Groups”, Springer-Verlag, 1985.
2. J. L. Clerc, “Les Représentatios des Groupes Compacts, Analyse Harmonique” (J. L. Clerc
et. al., ed.), C.I.M.P.A., 1982.
3. G. B. Folland, “A Course in Abstract Harmonic Analysis”, CRC Press, 2000.
4. M. Sugiura, “Unitary Representations and Harmonic Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
5. E. B. Vinberg, “Linear Representations of Groups”, Birkhäuser/Springer, 2010.
6. A. Wawrzyńczyk, “Group Representations and Special Functions”, PWN–Polish Scientific
Publishers, 1984.
 Course Title : Modular Forms of One Variable
Course Code : MA887
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning modular forms over 2 and their congruence subgroups, and their Hecke
theory.
Course Contents:
SL2 (Z) and its congruence subgroups, Modular forms for SL2 (Z), Modular forms
for congruence subgroups, Modular forms and differential operators, Hecke theory,
L-series, Theta functions and transformation formula.
References:
1. J.-P. Serre, “A Course in Arithmetic”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 7, Springer-Verlag,
1973.
2. N. Koblitz, “Introduction to Elliptic Curves and Modular Forms”, Graduate Texts in Math-
ematics 97, Springer-Verlag, 1993.
3. J. H. Bruinier, G. van der Geer, G. Harder, D. Zagier, “The 1-2-3 of Modular Forms”,
Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2008.
4. F. Diamond, J. Shurman, “A First Course in Modular Forms”, Graduate Texts in Mathe-
matics 228, Springer-Verlag, 2005.
5. S. Lang, “Introduction to Modular Forms”, Springer-Verlag, 1995.
6. G. Shimura, “Introduction to the Arithmetic Theory of Automorphic Forms”, Princeton
University Press, 1994.
 Course Title : Elliptic Curvese
Course Code : MA888
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning elliptic curves and the structure of their rational points.
Course Contents:
Congruent numbers, Elliptic curves, Elliptic curves in Weierstrass form, Addition law,
Mordell–Weil Theorem, Points of finite order, Points over finite fields, Hasse-Weil L-
function and its functional equation, Complex multiplication.
References:
1. J. H. Silverman, J. Tate, “Rational Points on Elliptic Curves”, Undergraduate Texts in Math-
ematics, Springer-Verlag, 1992.
2. N. Koblitz, “Introduction to Elliptic Curves and Modular Forms”, Graduate Texts in Math-
ematics 97, Springer-Verlag, 1993.
3. J. H. Silverman, “The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 106,
Springer, 2009.
4. A. W. Knapp, “Elliptic Curves”, Mathematical Notes 40, Princeton University Press, 1992.
5. J. H. Silverman, “Advanced Topics in the Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves”, Graduate Texts in
Mathematics 151, Springer-Verlag, 1994.
 Course Title : Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus
Course Code : MA889
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning about the theory of Brownian motion and it applications to stochastic dif-
ferential equations.
Course Contents:
Brownian Motion, Martingale, Stochastic integrals, extension of stochastic integrals,
stochastic integrals for martingales, Itô’s formula, Application of Itô’s formula, stochas-
tic differential equations.
References:
1. H. H. Kuo, “Introduction to Stochastic Integration”, Springer, 2006.
2. J. M Steele, “Stochastic Calculus and Financial Applications”, Springer-Verlag, 2001.
3. F. C. Klebaner, “Introduction to Stochastic Calculus with Applications”, Imperial College,
2005.
 Course Title : Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups
Course Code : MA890
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Understanding the fundamentals of Lie groups and Lie Algebras.

• Learning about (bi)invariant vector fields, integration on Lie Groups, Cartan’s

Theorem.

Course Contents:
Review of Several variable Calculus: Directional Derivatives, Inverse Function The-
orem, Implicit function Theorem, Level sets in Rn , Taylor’s theorem, Smooth func-
tion with compact support. Manifolds: Differentiable manifold, Partition of Unity,
Tangent vectors, Derivative, Lie groups, Immersions and submersions, Submanifolds.
Vector Fields: Left invariant vector fields of Lie groups, Lie algebra of a Lie group,
Computing the Lie algebra of various classical Lie groups. Flows: Flows of a vec-
tor field, Taylor’s formula, Complete vector fields. Exponential Map: Exponential
map of a Lie group, One parameter subgroups, Frobenius theorem (without proof).
Lie Groups and Lie Algebras: Properties of Exponential function, product formula,
Cartan’s Theorem, Adjoint representation, Uniqueness of differential structure on Lie
groups. Homogeneous Spaces: Various examples and Properties. Coverings: Cover-
ing spaces, Simply connected Lie groups, Universal covering group of a connected Lie
group. Finite dimensional representations of Lie groups and Lie algebras.
References:
1. D. Bump, “Lie Groups”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 225, Springer, 2013.
2. S. Helgason, “Differential Geometry, Lie Groups and Symmetric Spaces”, Graduate Studies
in Mathematics 34, American Mathematical Society, 2001.
3. S. Kumaresan, “A Course in Differential Geometry and Lie Groups”, Texts and Readings in
Mathematics 22, Hindustan Book agency, 2002.
4. F. W. Warner, “Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups”, Graduate Texts in
Mathematics 94, Springer-Verlag, 1983.
 Course Title : Lie Groups and Lie Algebras - II
Course Code : MA891
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Learning the representation theory of compact Lie groups and the group SL(2,C).

• Learning classifications of all simple Lie algebras through root system.

Course Contents:
General theory of representations, operations on representations, irreducible repre-
sentations, Schur’s lemma, Unitary representations and complete reducibility. Com-
pact Lie groups, Haar measure on compact Lie groups, Schur’s Theorem, characters,
Peter-Weyl theorem, universal enveloping algebra, Poincare-Birkoff-Witt theorem,
Representations of Lie(SL(2, C)). Abstract root systems, Weyl group, rank 2 root
systems, Positive roots, simple roots, weight lattice, root lattice, Weyl chambers,
simple reflections, Dynkin diagrams, classification of root systems, Classification of
semisimple Lie algebras. Representations of Semisimple Lie algebras, weight decom-
position, characters, highest weight representations, Verma modules, Classification
of irreducible finite-dimensional representations, Weyl Character formula, The repre-
sentation theory of SU (3), Frobenius Reciprocity theorem, Spherical Harmonics.
References:
1. D. Bump, “Lie Groups”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 225, Springer, 2013.
2. J. Faraut, “Analysis on Lie Groups”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics 110,
Cambridge University Press, 2008.
3. B. C. Hall, “Lie Groups, Lie algebras and Representations”, Graduate Texts in Mathematics
222, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
4. W. Fulton, J. Harris, “Representation Theory: A first course”, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
5. A. Kirillov, “Introduction to Lie Groups and Lie Algebras”, Cambridge Studies in Advanced
Mathematics 113, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
6. A. W. Knapp, “Lie Groups: Beyond an introduction”, Birkäuser, 2002.
7. B. Simon, “Representations of Finite and Compact Groups”, Graduate Studies in Mathemat-
ics 10, American Mathematical Society, 2009.
 Course Title : Mathematical Foundations for Finance
Course Code : MA892
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Learning about the mathematical modeling of simple stock markets and techniques
to analyze them.
Course Contents:
Financial market models in finite discrete time, Absence of arbitrage and martingale
measures, Valuation and hedging in complete markets, Basic facts about Brownian
motion, Stochastic integration, Stochastic calculus: Itô’s formula, Girsanov transfor-
mation, Itô’s representation theorem, Black-Scholes formula
References:
1. J. Jacod, P. Protter, “Probability Essentials”, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2003.
2. D. Lamberton, B. Lapeyre, “Introduction to Stochastic Calculus Applied to Finance”, Chapman-
Hall, 2008.
3. H. Föllmer, A. Schied, “Stochastic Finance: An Introduction in Discrete Time”, de Gruyter,
2011.
 Course Title : Designs and Codes
Course Code : MA893
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the technique used for constructing combinatorial designs and its re-
lation with linear codes.
Course Contents:
Incidence structures, affine planes, translation plane, projective planes, conics and
ovals, blocking sets. Introduction to Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (BIBD),
Symmetric BIBDs, Difference sets, Hadamard matrices and designs, Resolvable BIBDs,
Latin squares. Basic concepts of Linear Codes, Hamming codes, Golay codes, Reed-
Muller codes, Bounds on the size of codes, Cyclic codes, BCH codes, Reed-Solomon
codes.
References:
1. G. Eric Moorhouse, “Incidence Geometry”, 2007 (available online).
2. Douglas R. Stinson, “Combinatorial Designs”, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2004.
3. W. Cary Huffman, V. Pless, “Fundamentals of Error-correcting Codes”, Cambridge Uinversity
Press, Cambridge, 2003.
 Course Title : Ordered Linear Spaces
Course Code : MA894
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:
Understanding the vector order structure and its relation with Functional Analysis.
Course Contents:
Cones and orderings; order convexity; order units; approximate order units; bases.
Positive linear mappings and functionals; extension and separation theorems; decom-
position of linear functionals into positive linear functionals. Vector lattices; basic
theory. Norms and orderings; duality of ordered spaces; (approximate) order unit
spaces; base normed spaces. Normed and Banach lattices; AM-spaces, AL-spaces;
Kakutani theorems for AM-spaces and AL-spaces. Matrix ordered spaces: matri-
cially normed spaces; matricial ordered normed spaces; matrix order unit spaces;
Arveson-Hahn-Banach extension theorem.
Recommended books:

1. G.J.O. Jameson, “Lecture Notes in Mathematics” 141 Springer-Verlag, 1970.

2. N.C. Wong and K.F. Ng, “(2) Partially ordered topological vector spaces”,
Oxford University Press, 1973.
3. C.D. Aliprantis and O. Burkinshaw, “Positive operators”, Academic Press,
1985.
4. H.H. Schaefer, “Banach lattices and positive operators”, Berlin: Springer, 1974.

References:

1. W.A. J. Luxemburg and A.C. Zaanen, “Riesz Spaces”, Elsevier, 1971.

2. A.C. Zaanen, “Introduction to operator theory in Riesz spces (Vol 1 & Vol 2)”,
Springer, 1997
 Course Title : Topics in H p Spaces
Course Code : MA895
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Understanding analytic and harmonic functions on the unit disc.

• Understanding properties H p spaces, for 1 ≤ p < ∞.

• Understanding invarint subspaces for the shift operator on H 2 space.

Course Contents:
Fourier Series: Cesaro Means, Characterization of Types of Fourier Series; Analytic
and Harmonic Functions in the Unit Disc: The Cauchy and Poisson Kernels, Bound-
ary Values, Fatou’s Theorem, H p Spaces; The Space H 1 : The Helson-Lowdenslager
Approach, Szego’s Theorem, Completion of the Discussion of H 1 ; Factorization for
H p functions: Inner and Outer Functions, Blaschke Products and Singular Func-
tions, The Factorization Theorem, Absolute Convergence of Taylor Series, Functions
of Bounded Characteristic; Analytic Functions with Continuous Boundary Values:
Conjugate Harmonic Functions, Theorems of Fatou and Rudin; The Shift Operator:
The Shift Operator on H 2 , Invariant Subspaces for H 2 of the Half-plane, Isometries,
The Shift Operator on L2 .
References:

1. Kenneth Hoffman, Banach spaces of analytic functions, Reprint of the 1962

original, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1988.

2. Walter Rudin, Real and complex analysis, Third edition. McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1987.

3. Duren, Peter L., Theory of H p spaces, Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 38
Academic Press, New York-London 1970.
 Course Title : Introduction to Dilation Theory
Course Code : MA896
Credits : 8 Credits
Course Category : Elective
Contact Hours : 56(including tutorials)
Outcome of the Course:

• Understanding contractive operators by exhibiting as a compression of unitary

operators.

• Understanding Hardy classes and H ∞ space.

• Understanding dilations of commuting and non-commuting contractions.

Course Contents:
Contractions and Their Dilations: Unilateral shifts, Wold decomposition, Bilateral
shifts, Contractions, Canonical decomposition, Isometric and unitary dilations, Ma-
trix construction of the unitary dilation, a discussion on rational dilation; Geometrical
and Spectral Properties of Dilations: Structure of the minimal unitary dilations, Iso-
metric dilations, Dilation of commutants; Functional Calculus: Hardy classes, Inner
and outer functions, The classes H ∞ and HT∞ , The role of outer functions, Contrac-
tions of class C0 ; Operator-Valued Analytic Functions: The spaces L2 (U) and H 2 (U),
Inner and outer functions, Lemmas on Fourier representation, Factorizations, Ana-
lytic kernels; Functional Models: Characteristic functions, Functional models for a
given contraction, Functional models for analytic functions; A discussion on Com-
muting and non-commuting contractions and their dilations.
References:

1. Béla Sz.-Nagy, Ciprian Foias, Hari Bercovici and László Kérchy, Harmonic anal-
ysis of operators on Hilbert space; Second edition. Revised and enlarged edition.
Universitext. Springer, New York, 2010.

2. Vern Ival Paulsen, Completely bounded maps and operator algebras, Cambridge
Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 78. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
2002.

3. Jim Agler, John Harland and Benjamin J. Raphael, Classical function theory,
operator dilation theory, and machine computation on multiply-connected do-
mains. (English summary) Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 191 (2008), no. 892.

4. Nikolai K. Nikolskii, Operators, functions, and systems: an easy reading. Vol.

1 and Vol 2. Hardy, Hankel, and Toeplitz, American Mathematical Society,
Providence, RI, 2002.