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Introduction to Programming

Lecture 9, PYTHON – FLOW CONTROL

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PYTHON – FLOW CONTROL (Loops)
Lecture Goals
1. Looping
1.1 for loop
1.2 while loop
2. break statement
3. continue statement
4. pass statement
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1. Looping
If we want to execute a group of statements in multiple times, then we
should go for looping kind of execution.
1.1 for loop
1.2 while loop
1.1 for loop
for is a keyword in python
Basically, for loop is used to get or iterate elements one by one from sequence like
string, list, tuple, etc…
While iterating elements from sequence we can perform operations on every element.
Syntax
for variable in
sequence:
statements
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for…in loop

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for loop example - 1

Output

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5

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for loop example - 2

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1.2 while loop
while is a keyword in python
If we want to execute a group of statements repeatedly until the condition
reaches to False, then we should go for while loop.
Syntax
Initialization
while condition:
while block statements
increment/decrement
while loop contains an expression/condition.
As per the syntax colon (:) is mandatory otherwise it throws syntax error.
After while loop we need to follow indentation otherwise it throws
IndentationError.
Condition gives the result as bool type, means either True or False
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 while loop (cont.)
If the condition result is True, then while loop executes till the condition
reaches to False.
If the condition result is False, then while loop execution terminates.

Conclusion
Till condition is True the while loop statements will be executed.
If the condition reaches to False, then while loop terminate the
execution.

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while loop example

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 2. break statement
break is a keyword in python
The break statement can be used inside the loops.
By using break we can break the execution based on some condition.
Generally, break statement is used to terminate for and while loops.
Example -1

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break statement example - 2

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break statement example - 3

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 3. continue statement
continue is a keyword in python
We can use continue statement to skip current iteration and continue
next iteration.

Example -1

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continue statement example - 2

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3. pass statement
pass is keyword in python.
The pass statement is used as a placeholder for future code.
It is useful as a placeholder when a statement is required syntactically,
but no code needs to be executed.
pass is a null operation, when it is executed, nothing happens.
We can define an empty function, class, method with pass statement.

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pass statement example -1

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pass statement example -2

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1312 / 121 CCS-3
Introduction to Programming

Questions?
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