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5.The-Normal-Distribution

The document discusses the weights of 36 babies born in a hospital, presenting data with an average of 6.11 pounds and a standard deviation of 1.61 pounds. It explains the properties of normal distribution, including its bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the empirical rule regarding the distribution of data within standard deviations. Historical notes highlight the contributions of mathematicians to the understanding of normal distribution and provide assignment tasks related to the concept.

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kimynnie907
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2 views

5.The-Normal-Distribution

The document discusses the weights of 36 babies born in a hospital, presenting data with an average of 6.11 pounds and a standard deviation of 1.61 pounds. It explains the properties of normal distribution, including its bell-shaped curve, symmetry, and the empirical rule regarding the distribution of data within standard deviations. Historical notes highlight the contributions of mathematicians to the understanding of normal distribution and provide assignment tasks related to the concept.

Uploaded by

kimynnie907
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Consider the following data pertaining to hospital weights

(in pounds) of all the 36 babies that were born in the


maternity ward of a certain hospital.
4.94 4.69 5.16 7.29 7.19 9.47 6.61 5.84 6.83
3.45 2.93 6.38 4.38 6.76 9.01 8.47 6.8 6.4
8.6 3.99 7.68 2.24 5.32 6.24 6.19 5.63 5.37
5.26 7.35 6.11 7.34 5.87 6.56 6.18 7.35 4.21

The data have an average of 6.11 pounds and a


standard deviation of 1.61 pounds.
What should be the histogram looks like?

The histogram
is
approximately
bell-shaped.
Normal Distribution
- a special continuous distribution

- extremely important in statistics because


many random variables that occur in real
applications have normal distributions (or
approximately normal distributions).
Normal Distribution
- graph of the normal distribution
depends on two factors:
a.The mean
b.The standard deviation
The mean determines the location of the center of the
bell shaped curve. Thus, a change in the value of the mean
shifts the graph of the normal curve to the right or to the left.
Properties of
Normal Distribution
1.The graph is a continuous curve and has a domain -∞ < X < ∞.
- This means that X may increase or decrease without bound.

2.The graph is asymptotic to the x-axis.


- The value of the variable gets closer and closer but will never be equal
to 0.
- As the x gets larger and larger in the positive direction, the tail of the
curve approaches but will never touch the horizontal axis. The same thing
when the x gets larger and larger in the negative direction.
Properties of
Normal Distribution
3. The highest point on the curve occurs at x
= μ (mean).
- The mean (μ) indicates the highest peak of the curve
and is found at the center.
- Take note that the mean is denoted by this symbol μ
and the standard deviation is denoted by this symbol.
- The median and mode of the distribution are also
found at the center of the graph. This indicates that in
a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode
are equal.
Properties of
Normal Distribution
4. The curve is symmetrical about the mean.
- This means that the curve will have balanced proportions when cut in halves and
the area under the curve to the right of mean (50%) is equal to the area under the
curve to the left of the mean (50%).

5. The total area in the normal distribution under the curve is equal
to 1.
- Since the mean divides the curve into halves, 50% of the area is to the right and
50% to its left having a total of 100% or 1.
Properties of
Normal Distribution
6. In general, the graph of a normal distribution
is a bell-shaped curve with two inflection
points, one on the left and another on the right.
Inflection points are the points that mark the
change in the curve’s concavity.
- Inflection point is the point at which a change in the
direction of curve at mean minus standard deviation and
mean plus standard deviation.
- Note that each inflection point of the normal curve is one
standard deviation away from the mean.
What does the mean, median, and mode of a distribution
represent?

a. the mean represents the balancing point of the graph


of the distribution.
b. the mode represents the “high point” of the probability
density function (i.e. the graph of the distribution)
c. the median represents the point where 50% of the area
under the distribution is to the left and 50% of the area
under the distribution is to the right.
Properties of
Normal Distribution
7. Every
normal curve corresponds to the
“empirical rule” (also called the 68 - 95 - 99.7%
rule):
Empirical Rule
(68-95-99.7 rule)
- About 68.3% of the area under the
curve falls within 1 standard
deviation of the mean.

- About 95.4% of the area under the


curve falls within 2 standard
deviations of the mean.

- Nearly the entire distribution (About


99.7% of the area under the curve)
falls within 3 standard deviations of
the mean.
Consider the following examples:

1. Suppose the mean is 60 and the standard deviation


is 5, sketch a normal curve for the distribution. This is
how it would look like.
Consider the following examples:

2. A continuous random variable X is normally distributed with a mean of


45 and standard deviation of 6. Illustrate a normal curve and find the
probability of the following:

a. P (39 < X < 51) = 68.3%

b. P (33 < X < 63) = 97.55%

c. P (X > 45) = 50%

d. P (X < 39) = 15.85%


Historical Notes on Normal Curve
a. The French-English mathematician Abraham
de Moivre first described the use of the
normal distribution in 1733 when he was
developing the mathematics of chance,
particularly for approximating the binomial
distribution.
b. Marquis de Laplace used the normal
distribution as a model of measuring errors.
Historical Notes on Normal Curve
a. Adolphe Quetelet and Carl Friedrich Gauss
popularized its use. Quetelet used the normal
curve to discuss “the average man” with the
idea of using the curve as some sort of an
ideal histogram. Gauss used the normal curve
to analyze astronomical data in 1809.
Assignment.
Distribution of Balls in a Quincunx
http://www.mathsisfun.com/data/quincunx.html

1.Reset defaults with the simulator.


2.Use 6 rows and drop 50 balls.
3.Use 12 rows and drop 100 balls.
4.What is the chance of falling on the kth peg
given n rows and a probability p of
bouncing left?
Construct the histogram of the following data.

Find the average and standard deviation.


Observe the histogram. What can you notice on the shape of the
distribution?
Fill up the necessary details about normal distribution.
Directions:
Make a sketch for each of
the 3 areas under the
normal curve as stated in
the empirical rule. Using a
Performance mosaic art, shade the area
Task 1. that corresponds to the area
under the normal curve.
You may use eggshells, old
magazines, dried leaves or
any materials available at
home.

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