PSAT_XII_English_Wajib

Inggris Wajib

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. My brother is invited to their wedding party. ___ are our friends.

a. Their They
b. They
c. Them
d. I
e. We
ANS: B PTS: 1

2. Whats wrong with ___? You look pale. Are you sick?
a. she you
b. her
c. his
d. you
e. us
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. She hates the boy ... hair is curly sitting next to her.
a. who whose
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
e. why
ANS: C PTS: 1

4. She is the one ... I helped when she was robbed by unknown people.
a. who whom
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
e. why
ANS: B PTS: 1

5. The chef chopped the vegetables _____.

a. quickly
b. quick
c. quickness
d. quicky
e. quickfull
ANS: A PTS: 1

6. The singer sang the song _____.

a. beautiful
b. beauty
c. beautifully
 d. beautify
e. beautiness
ANS: C PTS: 1

7. The store closes ... 9 PM.

a. at
b. on
c. in
d. during
e. for
ANS: A PTS: 1

8. We have class ... Friday.

a. at
b. on
c. in
d. during
e. for
ANS: B PTS: 1

9. I have a stomach ache, ... I will come to school.

a. since
b. because
c. however
d. unless
e. for
ANS: C PTS: 1

10. My brother ... I went to the workshop to repair our car.

a. and
b. or
c. neither
d. but
e. so
ANS: A PTS: 1

11. Two children didn’t come to … friend’s birthday party.

a. my
b. their
c. his
d. him
e. them
ANS: B PTS: 1

12. I have a cat. ……. fur color is black and white. It looks like a cow.
a. Its
b. My
c. Her
d. His
e. Their
 ANS: A PTS: 1

13. If the students _____ late to submit the scholarship application to the board, they will not be listed
as candidates.
a. be
b. are
c. were
d. have
e. had
ANS: B PTS: 1

14. If your brother ______ here, he ______ us with this works.

a. is - would help
b. was - will help
c. were - will help
d. were - would help
e. was - had help
ANS: D PTS: 1

15. The cat ___ on the sofa every afternoon.

a. sleep
b. sleeps
c. sleeping
d. slept
e. is sleeping
ANS: B PTS: 1

16. They ___ movies on weekends.

a. watch
b. watches
c. watching
d. watched
e. are watching
ANS: A PTS: 1

17. Arrange the jumbled words below into good sentences of simple past tense.
1. ignored
2. last day
3. She
4. my call
a. 2-1-3-4
b. 4-1-2-3
c. 3-1-2-4
d. 3-1-4-2
e. 2-4-1-3
ANS: D PTS: 1

18. Tari ... to the bank two hours ago. She said that she wanted to save her money.
a. gone
b. went
 c. goes
d. go
e. going
ANS: B PTS: 1

19. Why ... your sister crying so loud? Please give her candies or something.
a. is
b. are
c. am
d. were
e. was
ANS: A PTS: 1

20. Diana: Look! It's snowing.

Anggi: So beautiful. This is the first time I have never seen snow. It ... (snow, not) in my country.
a. aren’t snowing
b. am not snowing
c. wasn’t snowing
d. isn’t snowing
e. hasn’t snowing
ANS: D PTS: 1

Text 1
A new MRI study revealed that consumption of alcohol even in low to moderate amounts during
pregnancy can change the baby's brain structure and delay brain development. "Fetal MRI is a
highly specialized and safe examination method that allows us to make accurate statements about
brain maturation prenatally," said study senior author Gregor Kasprian, M.D. Babies born with
fetal alcohol spectrum disorders could develop learning disabilities, behavioral problems, or
speech and language delays.

For the study, researchers analyzed MRI exams of 24 fetuses with prenatal alcohol exposure. The
fetuses were between 22 and 36 weeks of gestation at the time of MRI. In fetuses with alcohol
exposure, the fetal total maturation score (fTMS) was significantly lower than in the age-matched
controls, and the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) was shallower. The STS is involved in social
cognition, audiovisual integration, and language perception. "We found the greatest changes in the
temporal brain region and STS," Dr. Kasprian said.

According to Patric Kienast, M.D., a Ph.D student, alcohol consumption should strictly be avoided
by pregnant women. "As we show in our study, even low levels of alcohol consumption can lead to
structural changes in brain development and delayed brain maturation." It is unclear how these
structural changes will affect brain development in these babies after birth. "To assess this
accurately, we need to wait for the children who were examined as fetuses at that time to get a little
older, so that we can invite them back for further examinations," Dr. Kienast said. "However, we
can strongly assume that the changes we discovered contribute to the cognitive and behavioral
difficulties that may occur during childhood."

Text 2
 New research finds caffeine consumed during pregnancy can change important brain pathways that
could lead to behavioral problems later in life. Researchers in the Del Monte Institute for
Neuroscience at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) analyzed thousands of brain
scans of nine and ten-year-olds, and revealed changes in the brain structure in children who were
exposed to caffeine in utero. "These are sort of small effects and it's not causing horrendous
psychiatric conditions, but it is causing minimal but noticeable behavioral issues that should make
us consider long-term effects of caffeine intake during pregnancy," said John Foxe, Ph.D. "I
suppose the outcome of this study will be a recommendation that any caffeine during pregnancy is
probably not such a good idea."

Elevated behavioral issues, attention difficulties, and hyperactivity are all symptoms that
researchers observed in these children. "What makes this unique is that we have a biological
pathway that looks different when you consume caffeine through pregnancy," said Zachary
Christensen, a M.D/Ph.D. "Previous studies have shown that children perform differently on IQ
tests, or they have different psychopathology, but that could also be related to demographics, so it's
hard to parse that out until you have something like a biomarker. This gives us a place to start
future research to try to learn exactly when the change is occurring in the brain."

The researchers point out that it is unclear if the impact of the caffeine on the fetal brain varies
from one trimester to the next, or when during gestation these structural changes occur. "Current
clinical guidelines already suggest limiting caffeine intake during pregnancy, no more than two
normal cups of coffee a day," Christensen said. "In the long term, we hope to develop better
guidance for mothers, but in the meantime, they should ask their doctor as concerns arise."

21. What is the correlation between Text 1 and Text 2?

a. Both texts discuss harmful habits to avoid during pregnancy.
b. Text 2 explains how caffeine and alcohol intake mentioned in text 1 can affect fetuses.
c. Both texts review the studies about the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
d. Text 1 and Text 2 talk about the effect of alcohol or caffeine consumption during
pregnancy on fetus brain.
e. Text 2 discusses the research findings regarding the effect of caffeine consumption on
pregnant women mentioned in text 1.
ANS: D PTS: 1

22. The word occur in the last paragraph of text 2 is synonymous with ....
a. observe
b. enlarge
c. eventuate
d. construe
e. instruct
ANS: C PTS: 1

23. Which of the following best describes the tone of the writers in both texts?
a. Critical
b. Informative
c. Optimistic
d. Enthusiastic
e. Cautionary
ANS: B PTS: 1

24. What does Dr. Kienast say about consuming alcohol?

a. Alcohol consumption in any amount is harmful for pregnant women.
 b. Large amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy could be dangerous.
c. The disadvantages of alcohol consumption are still under investigation.
d. Pregnant women can consume alcohol, but in small amounts.
e. Alcohol could be consumed by pregnant women, but only once in a while.
ANS: A PTS: 1

25. "The researchers point out that it is unclear if the impact of the caffeine on the fetal brain varies
from one trimester to the next, or when during gestation these structural changes occur." (Last
paragraph of Text 2). The idea in the sentence is best restated as ...
a. It is obvious that the impact of caffeine on the fetal brain are different from one trimester
to another and that these structural reforms emerge during gestation.
b. Researchers are unsure whether the impact of caffeine on the fetal brain occurs from one
trimester to the next or when gestation starts.
c. Researchers are sure the impact of caffeine differs from one trimester to the next and the
structural changes happen during pregnancy.
d. Researchers confirm that the impact of caffeine on the fetal brain are different from the
first trimester to the next and the structural changes develop when gestation starts.
e. The impact of caffeine on the fetal brain is uncertain, whether it is varied from one
trimester to the next or whether these structural reforms depend on the stage of pregnancy.
ANS: E PTS: 1

nicholas - posted on 07 December 2020 09.01

Hello everyone!
My friend told me that as a parent, he actively took a part in his child's career. Therefore, I want to
know, what is your take on parents' "intervention" in their children's career path? I think that
children have the right to choose what they want and what they do not want, it applies to their
future job too. Regardless, they cannot ignore their parents' opinions about it. Parents and their
children should discuss without forcing each other's opinions.

yuma - posted on 07 December 2020 09.12

Although children have their own dreams, they have no capability to choose their careers. In
contrast, parents know their children and are experienced in this case so they should be able to
guide their kids. However, parents should not enforce their irrational reason for their children to
choose, rather they should supervise their children to open options, the interest, the strength and
weaknesses, the ability, and willingness of the children.

niki - posted on 07 December 2020 09.22

I know the feeling of how your parents forced you to do something you were never passionate
about as a profession. Parents' concern for their children's position in society is understandable, but
children's interest come first. They are the ones who should choose their careers. Therefore,
parents should free their children to select their careers and give them their support.

jay - posted on 07 December 2020 09.50

Children at their age have the inability to decide on their careers. The parents should advise them
thoroughly. The children's academic and non-academic activities should be observed by the
parents as they show the children's potential. From the observation, the parents are able to decide
the career line of their children.

sungene - posted on 07 December 2020 10.04

I have my dream job at a big corporation in my 20s and I can tell you that it did not come easily. I
had to work my body off to be where I am today. Success does not come to you as simply as you
dream it, people.
26. Who supports the idea "children should choose their own careers"?
a. nicholas and sungene
b. yuma, niki, and jay
c. sungene and yuma
d. niki and nicholas
e. jay and niki
ANS: D PTS: 1

27. Whose opinion is irrelevant to the topic of the discussion?

a. nicholas
b. yuma
c. niki
d. jay
e. sungene
ANS: E PTS: 1

28. Why did nicholas decide to start the thread?

a. He wanted to know how others view parent intervention in their children's careers.
b. He once had an experience in which his parents meddled in his career path.
c. He just happened to think about parent intervention in their children's careers.
d. He has no specific reason to ask for others' opinions about parent intervention their
children's career selection.
e. He is currently trying to determine his career path and his parents are meddling in, so he
wants to know what to do.
ANS: A PTS: 1

29. Who has experience of parental interference in his/her career?

a. sungene and jay
b. niki
c. niki and yuma
d. yuma
e. sungene
ANS: B PTS: 1

30. The discussion would be beneficial for ....

a. in-school teacher
b. job seeker
c. parents and their children
d. job employer
e. employee
ANS: C PTS: 1

As cats age, we generally see changes in their behavior. The wild and crazy playful activities we
associate with kittens give way to adult cats sleeping in the sun and prowling around the house. We
commonly presume senior cats will take even longer naps in the sun or on our beds. It is important,
however, to differentiate normal feline behaviors from abnormal ones, as some behavior changes
in aging cats arise from pain and are not normal. Cats are very good at hiding signs of pain, so cat
owners need to be very observant to recognize when their cat needs help.
 One of the most common pain-associated behavior changes we see in aging cats is a decrease in
grooming and self-care. Cats are, by nature, extremely finicky about keeping themselves clean.
Watch any conscious cat for longer than a few minutes, and you are likely to see her cleaning some
part of her body.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronically painful ailments in cats, affecting more
than 90% of cats 10 years of age and older. Spinal arthritis makes it uncomfortable to twist and
turn, so grooming the body, especially the hind end, becomes difficult. OA in the lower spine and
hips can make the area over the pelvis and upper rear legs tender. When grooming the lower back,
pelvis, and rear legs becomes painful, the cat simply stops taking care of her coat. Areas of her
body that are not groomed become matted, and she may develop an overall unkempt appearance.
When we try to help them out by using a comb or brush, they tend to object.

If you notice your cat developing matted hair or flaky skin, make an appointment with your
veterinarian, as this can be an important signal of pain. If your cat has trouble grooming even after
its pain is well managed, consider having a groomer give her a 'lion cut' to make the body hair
short and easy to keep clean.

31. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To help cat owners groom their old cats
b. To make cat owners aware of osteoarthritis in cats
c. To give elderly cat owners tips to reduce pain in their cats
d. To make old cat owners notice signals of pain in their cats
e. To tell senior cat owners to seek medical help for their cats
ANS: D PTS: 1

32. Which of the following statements about cat behavior in paragraph 1 is correct?
a. Cats behave according to their age.
b. Kittens are active because they are strong.
c. Cats' behavior will not change unless they are ill.
d. Age is the only factor that affects a cat's behavior.
e. An adult cat's behavior is mainly determined by its health.
ANS: A PTS: 1

33. When a cat stops grooming itself, it can be a signal that the cat ....
a. has been in pain
b. cannot endure pain
c. is in excruciating pain
d. is hiding pain from humans
e. feels that the pain is worsening
ANS: A PTS: 1

34. Regarding osteoarthritis, the author mentions that ...

a. Every old cat will suffer from osteoarthritis.
b. It is a condition that affects nearly all elderly cats.
c. Young cats are unlikely to develop osteoarthritis.
d. Spinal arthritis prevents a cat from twisting and turning.
e. Cats suffering from osteoarthritis dislike being touched.
ANS: B PTS: 1

35. A solution for cats having difficulty cleaning themselves up is mentioned in paragraph ...
 a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 1 and 2
e. 2 and 4
ANS: C PTS: 1

From the late eighth through the end of the ninth century, something unknown happened to shake
the Maya civilization to its foundations. One by one, the Classic cities in the southern lowlands
were abandoned, and by A.D. 900, Mayan civilization in that region had collapsed. The reason for
this mysterious decline is unknown, though scholars have developed several competing theories.

Some believe that by the ninth century, the Maya had exhausted the environment around them to
the point that it could no longer sustain a very large population. Other Maya scholars argue that
constant warfare among competing city-states led the complicated military, family (by marriage),
and trade alliances between them to break down, along with the traditional system of dynastic
power. As the stature of the holy lords diminished, their complex traditions of rituals and
ceremonies dissolved into chaos.

Finally, some catastrophic environmental change, like an extremely long, intense period of
drought, might have wiped out the Classic Maya civilization. Drought would have hit cities like
Tikal especially hard because rainwater there was necessary for drinking as well as for crop
irrigation.

All of these factors might have played a part in the downfall of the Maya in the southern lowlands.
In the highlands of the Yucatan, a few Maya cities, such as Chichen Itza, Uxmal, and Mayapan,
continued to flourish in the Post-Classic Period (A.D. 900-1500). By the time the Spanish invaders
arrived, however, most Maya had lived in agricultural villages, their great cities hidden under a
layer of verdant rainforest.

36. The word them in paragraph 2 refers to ....

a. family
b. the Maya
c. Maya scholars
d. trade alliances
e. competing city-states
ANS: E PTS: 1

37. Based on scholars' theories in the second paragraph, it can be hypothesized that a nation can be
destroyed due to ....
a. catastrophes
b. human's greed
c. armed conflicts
d. political problems
e. environmental issues
ANS: B PTS: 1

38. Which of this is NOT the reasons why the Classic cities were abandoned?
a. Overuse of the land
b. Continuous warfare
c. Extreme drought
d. Overpopulation
 e. Diseases
ANS: E PTS: 1

39. What happened to the Maya when the Spanish invaders came to their land?
a. The majority of the Mayans had been wiped out.
b. Maya's cities continued to flourish even after the invasion.
c. The Mayans were forced to fight the invaders.
d. Most of the Mayans had abandoned their cities and lived as farmers.
e. Most of the Mayans had to live in hidden cities in the rainforest.
ANS: D PTS: 1

40. What is the tone of the passage?

a. Optimistic
b. Informative
c. Critical
d. Biased
e. Concerned
ANS: B PTS: 1

TEXT 1
Thanks to take-home assignments, parents are able to track what their children are learning at
school as well as their academic strengths and weaknesses.

Data from a nationwide sample of elementary school students show that parental involvement in
homework can improve class performance, especially among economically disadvantaged
African-American and Hispanic students.

Research from Johns Hopkins University found that an interactive homework process known as
TIPS (Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork) improves student achievement: "Students in the
TIPS group earned significantly higher report card grades after 18 weeks (1 TIPS assignment per
week) than did non-TIPS students."

Homework can also help clue parents in to the existence of any learning disabilities their children
may have, allowing them to get help and adjust learning strategies as needed. Duke University
Professor Harris Cooper noted, "Two parents once told me they refused to believe their child had a
learning disability until homework revealed it to them."

TEXT 2
We've known for a while that homework does not help elementary students. A 2006 study found
that "homework had no association with achievement gains" when measured by results or grades.

Fourth-grade students who did no homework got roughly the same score on the National
Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math exam as those who did 30 minutes of
homework a night. Students who did 45 minutes or more of homework a night actually did worse.

Temple University professor Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek said that homework is not the most effective
tool for young learners to apply new information: "They're learning way more important skills
when they're not doing their homework." Alfie Kohn, an education and parenting expert and author
of The Homework Myth said, "Kids should have a chance to just be kids ... it's absurd to insist that
children must be engaged in constructive activities right up until their heads hit the pillow."
 In fact, homework may not be helpful at the high school level either. Alfie Kohn stated, "I
interviewed high school teachers who completely stopped giving homework and there was no
downside, it was all upside." He explains, "just because the same kids who get more homework do
a little better on tests, doesn't mean the homework made that happen."

41. Which of the following statements is an opinion from Text 2?

a. Homework does not help elementary students.
b. Homework had no association with achievement gains.
c. Students who did 45 minutes or more of homework a night actually did worse.
d. Kids should have a chance to just be kids.
e. I interviewed high school teachers who completely stopped giving homework.
ANS: D PTS: 1

42. What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?

a. Text 1 explains as well as refutes the results of the 2006 research presented in Text 2.
b. Text 1 conveys the exact opposite of what Text 2 says about homework.
c. Both texts discuss the benefits and disadvantages of homework.
d. Text 2 expands on Text 1's explanation of the effects of homework on children.
e. Text 2 questions the research results from Johns Hopkins University presented in Text 1.
ANS: B PTS: 1

43. Why does the author write the second sentence in paragraph 1 in text 2?
a. To encourage further research on the impact of homework on elementary students
b. To support the belief that homework is not beneficial to elementary kids
c. To prove that elementary students can do better without homework
d. To emphasize the risks of homework for primary school children
e. To highlight the limitations of the 2006 study
ANS: B PTS: 1

44. According to Text 1, what can parents do when their children do their tasks at home?
a. Participate in the process
b. Give them additional lessons
c. Help their children do difficult tasks
d. Improve their children's achievements
e. Teach them school subjects that they do not understand
ANS: A PTS: 1

45. The word insist in Text 2 is synonymous with ....

a. deny
b. suggest
c. demand
d. allow
e. encourage
ANS: C PTS: 1

Helen
Hey everyone, I recently came across a report that stated the growing prevalence of diabetes
among Indonesian children is becoming a concerning issue. What do you think about it, guys?

Hendra
 It's really disheartening to see such a rise in diabetes cases among the younger generation. I think
it's mainly due to the shift in dietary habits and the availability of processed food, which often
contains excessive sugar.

Fernandus
I believe lack of physical activity is also a major concern. With the advancement of technology
these days, children are more likely to spend their time indoors playing video games or using
electronic devices rather than engaging in outdoor activities and exercising regularly. This
sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity and an increased risk of developing diabetes.

Yanti
I've heard that news, too and it's really sad to see that many children are suffering from this
disease. Data from Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDI) in Januari 2023 showed that the prevalence
of diabetes cases in children has increased by 70 times in January 2023 compared to that of 2010.
According to Diah Saminarsih, CEO Center for Indonesia's Strategic Development Initiative
(CISDI), reported in BBC, one of the main causes is the consumption of sugary food.

Frediston
You know, my neighbor's dog once had diabetes and had to go on a special diet. It's interesting
how diabetes can affect not just humans but also our furry friends. It's important for us all to take
care of our health and watch out for the signs of diabetes in both humans and animals.

Wilson
The prevalence of this concerning trend is undeniable, which necessitates a proactive solution.
Addressing the issue requires equipping children with awareness and knowledge regarding healthy
habits and nutrition. To effectively instill this awareness, it is imperative to involve the education
system. As a result, prioritizing health education in schools becomes crucial, as it provides a
platform for teaching children about the significance of maintaining a well-balanced diet and
participating in regular physical activities.

46. Who explicitly suggests the importance of involving education to address the prevalence of
diabetes in children?
a. Hendra
b. Fernandus
c. Yanti
d. Frediston
e. Wilson
ANS: E PTS: 1

47. The word excessive in Hendra's post is closest in meaning to ...

a. limitless
b. adequate
c. significant
d. overmuch
e. unmeasurable
ANS: D PTS: 1

48. Whose post is supported with evidence?

a. Hendra
b. Fernandus
c. Yanti
d. Frediston
 e. Wilson
ANS: C PTS: 1

49. What is the tone of the thread regarding the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesian children?
a. Critical
b. Worried
c. Serious
d. Indifferent
e. Judgmental
ANS: B PTS: 1

50. Whose post is IRRELEVANT to the topic of the discussion?

a. Hendra
b. Fernandus
c. Yanti
d. Frediston
e. Wilson
ANS: D PTS: 1