Scribd
Upload
8 views

Exp_6_Timer (1)

The document outlines an experiment to design an astable multivibrator using the IC 555, detailing the necessary apparatus, theory, and procedures involved. It explains the principles of the 555 timer, including its configuration as symmetrical and asymmetrical astable multivibrators, and provides formulas for calculating frequency and duty cycle. The procedure includes setting up the circuit, observing outputs, and measuring oscillation frequency and duty cycle.

Uploaded by

Children Academy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Exp_6_Timer (1)

The document outlines an experiment to design an astable multivibrator using the IC 555, detailing the necessary apparatus, theory, and procedures involved. It explains the principles of the 555 timer, including its configuration as symmetrical and asymmetrical astable multivibrators, and provides formulas for calculating frequency and duty cycle. The procedure includes setting up the circuit, observing outputs, and measuring oscillation frequency and duty cycle.

Uploaded by

Children Academy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Jawahar Education Society’s

A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Linear Integrated Circuits Lab (ECL402)

Experiment No. 6
Aim: - To design astable multivibrator using IC 555 for fixed frequency and variable duty cycle.

I. APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S. No. APPARATUS QUANTITY


1 Dual power supply 10V 1
2 CRO (0-30 MHz) 1
3 Bread Board 1
4 IC 555 1
5 Resistor =6.8 kΩ 2
6 Diode 1N4001 1,1
7 Capacitor = 0.1 µF and 0.01 µF 1,1
8 Probes and Connecting Wires As required

II. THEORY:

A. Principle of Timer IC-555:

The 555 timer is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delay. The internal structure
of 555 is shown in which there are two comparators, a flip flop, an output stage, a voltage divider
network and a transistor. The comparator is a device whose output is high when the non-inverting
input voltage is greater than inverting input voltage and output is low when inverting input voltage
is greater than non-inverting input voltage. The voltage divider network consists of three 5 KΩ
resistors and provides a trigger voltage level of 1/3 VCC and threshold voltage level of 2/3VCC.The
control voltage is used for changing the threshold and trigger voltages externally.

a. 555 as Astable multivibrator: Astable multivibrator means it has no stable states. It has two
quasi stable states (high and low). In, the figure given, there are 2 external resistors RA and
RB and a capacitor C. When the power is given to the circuit the capacitor C will charge
towards VCC through RA and RB, when the capacitor voltage exceeds the level of 2/3VCC
(threshold voltage) the output of the comparator I goes high which resets the flip flop so the
output 𝑄 of the flip-flop becomes low and becomes 𝑄̅ high. Now the transistor which is

ACPCE/EXTC/S.E./LIC/Lab/6/2024-25/Page no./
Jawahar Education Society’s

A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Linear Integrated Circuits Lab (ECL402)


connected to 𝑄̅ becomes ON. The capacitor C started to discharge through RB and transistor
exponentially. When voltage across capacitor reaches just below of 1/3VCC (trigger voltage)
the output of the comparator II becomes high and sets the flip flop, turning OFF the transistor
since it is connected to 𝑄̅ the of the flip flop. The capacitor C will begin to charge towards
VCC through RA and RB. when the capacitor voltage exceeds the level of 2/3VCC, the output
of the comparator I goes high which resets the flip-flop so the output Q of the flip flop
becomes low and 𝑄̅ becomes high. The cycle continues which gives a square wave at the
output (pin 3) and charging and discharging wave form across capacitor (pin 2&6).
B. Circuit Diagram of Internal Architecture of Timer IC-555

Fig. 7.1 Internal Diagram of IC-555.

b. 555 as Symmetrical astable multivibrator: Symmetrical astable multivibrator means the


multivibrator has equal ON time & OFF time (duty cycle =50%). we can achieve this by
making the charging (towards 2/3 VCC) and discharging (towards 1/3VCC) process of
capacitor through equal resistance path. In the circuit diagram the diode (1N 4001) is
connected across the resistor RB so the charging of capacitor above threshold voltage
(2/3VCC) takes place through the resistor RA and forward biased diode. The discharging below

ACPCE/EXTC/S.E./LIC/Lab/6/2024-25/Page no./
Jawahar Education Society’s

A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Linear Integrated Circuits Lab (ECL402)


trigger voltage (1/3VCC) is through the resistor RB. Since RA and RB have same value,
charging and discharging time of the capacitor will be same.

c. 555 as Asymmetrical astable multivibrator: Asymmetrical astable multivibrator means the


multivibrator has unequal ON time & OFF time (duty cycle other than 50%). In the circuit
diagram the charging of capacitor towards threshold voltage (2/3VCC) takes place through the
resistor RA and RB, discharging towards trigger voltage (1/3VCC) is through the resistor RB.
Since charging and discharging process of the capacitor takes place through different
resistance path, the charging time and discharging time of the capacitor will be different,
which results in asymmetrical output wave.
C.. Circuit Diagram of Astable Multivibrator

Fig. 7.2 Astable Multivibrator using IC-555.

1. Design:

T = 0.69(RA+RB)* C or f = 1.44/(RA+RB)*C
Duty cycle D = 0.5 or 50%
D = RA/(RA+RB) = 0.5
So, RA = RB

ACPCE/EXTC/S.E./LIC/Lab/6/2024-25/Page no./
Jawahar Education Society’s

A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Linear Integrated Circuits Lab (ECL402)


Let T = 1ms ; and C = 0.1 μF
0.693(RA+RB) 0.1 μF = 1ms
RA + RB = 14.49KΩ
or 2 RA = 14.49KΩ
RA = 7.25KΩ = 6.8KΩ(std)
RB = 7.25KΩ = 6.8KΩ(std)

2. Observations:
T =_________________

Measured frequency of oscillation is =________________________


D. ASYMMETRICAL ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR:
T = 0.69 (RA + 2RB) C or f = 1.44 / {( RA+2RB)* C}
Here T = t1 + t2
t1 = 0.69(RA+RB)*C (charging)
t2 = 0.69(RB)*C (discharging)
Let t1= 1ms ; t2= 0.5ms ; C = 0.1 μF
0.69 RB C = 0.5ms
RB = 7.2 KΩ = 6.8KΩ (std)
0.69 (RA+RB) C = 1ms
RA + RB = 14.49 KΩ
RA = 14.49- RB
RA = 7.2 KΩ = 6.8KΩ (std)

3. Observations:
t1 =______________
t2 =______________
T =_______________
Measured frequency of oscillation, f =______________

Duty cycle = _________________

4. Graph: Draw the waveforms on graph paper.

ACPCE/EXTC/S.E./LIC/Lab/6/2024-25/Page no./
Jawahar Education Society’s

A. C. Patil College of Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Linear Integrated Circuits Lab (ECL402)

III. Procedure
1. Check the components.
2. Setup the symmetric astable multivibrator circuit on the breadboard and check the connections.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Observe output and capacitor voltage on different channels of the oscilloscope simultaneously.
5. Draw the waveforms on the graph.
6. Measure the frequency of oscillation and duty-cycle .
7. Repeat the procedures for asymmetric astable multivibrator

IV. Calculation:

V. Conclusion:

ACPCE/EXTC/S.E./LIC/Lab/6/2024-25/Page no./

You might also like