KNOWLEDGE AREA 1

A TOTAL UNDERSTANDING OF ALL KEY FUNCTIONS OF A FACILITIES

MANAGEMENT COMPANY
(WITH A TOTAL OF 67 READY-TO-IMPLEMENT DOCUMENT TEMPLATES)
 KNOWLEDGE AREA 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS

A TOTAL UNDERSTANDING OF ALL KEY FUNCTIONS OF A FACILITIES MANAGEMENT COMPANY

(WITH A TOTAL OF 93 READY-TO-IMPLEMENT DOCUMENT TEMPLATES)

SECTION 1. HOUSEKEEPING MANAGEMENT

SECTION 2. OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

SECTION 3. SECURITY & SAFETY MANAGEMENT

SECTION 4. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

SECTION 5. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

SECTION 6. ADMINISTRATION
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1. HOUSEKEEPING MANAGEMENT

1. Introduction
2. How to Name, Group, and Codify Different Areas For Cleaning?
3. What are The Cleaning Processes and Frequencies Required in Different Areas?
4. What are The Cleaning Chemicals and How to Dilute and Use Them in Different Areas?
5. How to Manage Cleaning Chemicals Consumption and Cost?
6. What are The Cleaning Machines and How to Manage Deployment Scheduling and Cost?
7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage Consumption
and Cost?
8. How to do Groundskeeping Management?
9. How to do Pest Control Management?
10. How to do Waste Management?
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

11. Ready-to-Implement SoPs and The Documents Templates:

✓ Cleaning Processes Guide
✓ Cleaning Schedule Management
✓ Cleaner’s Time Sheet
✓ Daily Cleanliness Checklists
✓ Groundskeeping Guide
✓ Landscaping Management Plan
✓ Cleaning Machinery & janitorial Items Management Plan
✓ Cleaning Chemicals Consumption Management Plan
✓ Waste Management Plan
✓ Pest Control Management Plan
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2. OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE

1. Introduction
2. MEP Systems in a Building
3. Asset Register with Codification
4. Operations Management
✓ Monitor & Control Equipments – Using Logbooks (Daily Look/Listen/Touch/Inspection Forms)
✓ Equipment On & Off Scheduling with Integration – Using Building Automation System
✓ Measure Building’s Energy Use Index – Using System Level Metering
✓ Energy Saving Management – By Using Energy Conservation Measures Checklist
✓ Water Conservation Management – By Using Water Conservation Measures Checklist
5. Planned Preventive Maintenance Management
✓ Developing 52 Weeks Planned Preventive Maintenance Calendar and By Using PPM Checklists
✓ Maintenance / Complaint Request Form
✓ Work Order System
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 3. SECURITY & SAFETY MANAGEMENT

1. Introduction
2. Security Management Principles
3. Training Schedule
4. Safety: Risk Assessment & Mitigation Plan
5. Fire Safety Management
6. Emergency Evacuation Plan
7. Liaise With Government Statutory Authorities
8. Security & Safety Management Documents (Ready-to-use Document Templates)
Daily Occurrence Log Book
Incident Report Form
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Visitor’s Pass
Visitor’s Register
Patrolling Checklist
Vehicle Movement Register
Lost & Found Property Register
Key Register
Outgoing Materials Pass Register
Standing Orders
Emergency Evacuation Procedures
Safety – Training Materials
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 4. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

1. How to Develop a Company Profile?

2. How to Prepare Our FM Strategy Presentation?

3. How to Generate Marketing Leads Database?

4. How to plan our profile reaches to the leads?

5. How to Prepare a Proposal?

6. How to Prepare a Business Development Tracker?

7. What are the Processes during Transition Management?

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 5. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

1. How to Develop a 24X7 Helpdesk?

2. How to Prepare Facilities Management Daily / Monthly Report?
3. How to Conduct Periodical Feedback Review?
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 6. ADMINISTRATION

1. Head Office Responsibilities

2. Human Resources Management
3. Purchase and Inventory Management
4. Accounts Management
5. Statutory Compliance Management
6. Training Calendar
SECTION 1. HOUSEKEEPING MANAGEMENT
 1. Introduction
❖ Housekeeping can be defined as the provision of a clean, comfortable,
safe and aesthetically appealing environment.

❖ The property is to be as good as new and attractive similar to the first day
when it was started for the business.
❖ Our Housekeeping Management Strategy is as follows:
❖ What they intend to accomplish
❖ How to perform each task
❖ Expected standard of cleanliness
❖ How often the task must be performed
❖ Machinery and chemicals for each job and how they are used.
❖ Safety practices
 1. Introduction
Importance of Deep Cleaning:
▪ The Coronavirus is forcing us to do a deep cleaning.

▪ Compared to the casual dust-up, a deep clean is a process that

involves diving into forgotten nooks and corners to clean dust, dirt and
virus-carrying particulate.

▪ For the absence of corona health crisis, a thorough deep cleaning is

important at frequent and periodic intervals.

▪ All the frequently touched surfaces need to be cleaned and disinfected

thoroughly.
 2. How to Name, Group, and Codify Different Areas For Cleaning?

CLEANING AREAS IDENTIFICATION, GROUPING AND CODIFICATION

Name of the Site:
Areas Description & Cleaning
S.No Block / Tower Names Floor Levels Wing Area Code Area (Sq ft)
Processes

A Entrances and Lobby areas A, B, C,….. (Or) 1, 2,3…. Ground, 1st, 2nd,, 3rd… East, West, South, North. A/G/E/Lobby

B Office areas A, B, C,….. (Or) 1, 2,3…. Ground, 1st, 2nd,, 3rd… East, West, South, North. A/G/E/Office

C Corridors A, B, C,….. (Or) 1, 2,3…. Ground, 1st, 2nd,, 3rd… East, West, South, North. A/G/E/Corridor

D Restrooms A, B, C,….. (Or) 1, 2,3…. Ground, 1st, 2nd,, 3rd… East, West, South, North. A/G/E/Restroom-G/L

E Cafeteria and break areas A, B, C,….. (Or) 1, 2,3…. Ground, 1st, 2nd,, 3rd… East, West, South, North. A/G/E/Cafeteria

F Stairwells A, B, C,….. (Or) 1, 2,3…. Ground, 1st, 2nd,, 3rd… East, West, South, North. A/G/E/Stairwell

Housekeeping Supervisor Facility Manager

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
3. What are The Cleaning Processes and Frequencies Required in Different Areas?
Frequency of Cleaning
S.No Area Description & Cleaning Processes
Daily Weekly Monthly
A . Entrances and Lobby areas
A1 Remove trash from receptacles, replace liner, spot clean receptacle X
A2 Vacuum carpeting and matting X
A3 Clean both sides of glass doors and adjacent windows, wipe frames X
A4 Clean standing or hanging directory or signage X
A5 Spot clean walls, light switches and partition glass X
A6 Dust mop hard surface flooring X
A7 Wet mop hard surface flooring X
A8 Dust all furniture and fixtures X
A9 Dust all walls, doors, window frames above six feet X
A 10 Clean door jambs and polish thresholds X
A 11 Dust HVAC ventilation grills X
A 12 Polish / buff hard surface flooring X
A 13 Dust / vacuum window coverings X
A 14 Vacuum upholstered furniture X
A 15 Clean telephones, sanitize headsets X

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
3. What are The Cleaning Processes and Frequencies Required in Different Areas?
Schedule
S.No Area Description & Cleaning Processes
Daily Weekly Monthly
B . General office areas
B1 Remove trash, replace liner, and spot clean receptacle X
B2 Remove recycle trash as per company schedule X
B3 Vacuum carpeting wall to wall X
B4 Dust mop hard surface flooring X
B5 Wet mop hard surface flooring X
B6 Scrub and polish hard surface flooring X
B7 Dust all accessible baseboards X
B8 Dust all furniture and fixtures, desks cleaned only if clear X
B9 Dust all walls, light switches , window frames above six feet X
B 10 Spot clean walls , light switches, doors, and window frames X
B 11 Dust / vacuum window coverings X
B 12 Dust HVAC ventilation grills X
B 13 Vacuum upholstered furniture X
C . Corridors
C1 Vacuum carpeted surfaces X
C2 Spot clean carpeting when needed X
C3 Clean and polish drinking fountains, coffee machine area X
C4 Dust and spot clean walls, fixtures, light switches, door jambs, and window frames X
C5 Dust and spot clean baseboards X
C6 Dust HVAC ventilation grills X

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
3. What are The Cleaning Processes and Frequencies Required in Different Areas?
Schedule
S.No Area Description & Cleaning Processes
Daily Weekly Monthly
D . Restrooms
D1 Remove trash, replace liner and spot clean receptacle X
D2 Sweep, mop with germicidal disinfectant X
D3 Replenish paper products, hand soap, and feminine napkins X
D4 Clean and sanitize all toilets, urinals X
D5 Clean and sanitize walls and doors X
D6 Clean all sinks and countertops X
D7 Clean all mirrors X
D8 Clean and sanitize stall partitions, shelves, fixtures / dispensers X
D9 Dust HVAC ventilation grills X
D 10 Clean, sanitize and polish all metal bright work X
D 11 Pour water in floor drains, add enzymes as needed X
D 12 Clean and sanitize shower areas where applicable X
E. Cafeteria and break areas
E1 Remove trash, replace liners, and spot clean receptacles X
E2 Dust mop hard surface flooring X
E3 Wet mop hard surface flooring X
E4 Vacuum carpeted areas, spot clean X
E5 Dust furniture, fixtures X
E6 Clean and sanitize counter tops, cabinets, tables and chairs X
E7 Clean table bases and chair legs X
E8 Spot clean walls, light switches and doors X
E9 Dust and clean vending machines X

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
3. What are The Cleaning Processes and Frequencies Required in Different Areas?
Schedule
S.No Area Description & Cleaning Processes
Daily Weekly Monthly
F. Stairwells
F1 Police for debris and discard X
F2 Sweep and mop stairs and landings X
F3 Wet Mop stairs and landings X
F4 Dust ,clean and sanitize handrails X
F5 Dust piping, signage and high areas X
G. General Notes
G1 Remove all building trash to designated dumpster
G2 Keep areas surrounding dumpster clean
G3 Any debris outside trash receptacles will be discarded only if marked as trash
G4 Secure all designated interior doors after cleaning
G5 Furniture shall be straightened and returned to original position
G6 Furniture polish to be used only if requested
G7 Report any noticeable malfunctioning fixtures to building management
H. Management and Supervision
Communicate with customer contact regarding cleaning schedules, special needs, product
H1
orders etc.
H2 Provide supervision to ensure compliance with specifications
H3 Provide supervision to ensure ongoing training, safety and security measures
H4 Report any problems or safety hazards to management immediately

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
4. What are The Types of Cleaning Chemicals and How to Dilute and Use Them in
Different Areas?

Product Code Purpose of The Product Area To Be Cleaned How To Dilute? How To Use?

• Spray directly on the surface to be cleaned

For cleaning: 20 ml in 1 ltr. • Leave for 2 seconds
All bathroom surfaces,
Cleaning and Sanitizing of water • Scrub if necessary and wipe the surface with a
TASKI R1 / Diversey R1 sink, tub, tiles, floors and
Bathroom / Toilet surfaces For sanitizing: 50 ml in 1 ltr. clean and dry cloth
fittings
Water • Replace cloth regularly

• Floor cleaner for glass and floor like Italian

marble Can be used for wet mopping as well as
scrubbing with a machine.
Normal soiling: 20 - 40 ml in
• Wet moping solution to be taken in
All-purpose cleaning agent / 1 ltr. water
All types of floor and bucket/mop trolley
TASKI R2 / Diversey R2 Hygienic Hard Surface Heavy soiling: 50 ml in 1 ltr.
walls • Rinse the mop frequently
Cleaner water
• Alternatively, use scrubbing machine and
pickup direct solution using a wet vacuum
cleaner

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
4. What are The Types of Cleaning Chemicals and How to Dilute and Use Them in
Different Areas?
Product Code Purpose of The Product Area To Be Cleaned How To Dilute? How To Use?

• Spray directly on a dry clean cloth

• Apply to the surface and wipe with a clean dry
20 – 50 ml in 1 ltr. water for
For Cleaning Glass and Windows, mirrors, glass lint free cloth
TASKI R3 / Diversey R3 cleaning all types of glasses
Mirror Cleaner display cases • Replace cloth regularly
and mirrors
• Buffing dry

• Shake the bottle well before use.

• Spray on a soft dry cloth.
• Apply to the surface evenly and start buffing.
For Furniture Polish and
All wooden floors and Ready to use, No need to • Buffed the floor/surface to a high shine.
TASKI R4 / Diversey R4 Cleaning / Furniture
furnishings dilute. • Replace cloth regularly.
Maintainer
Note: Do not use on glasses, floors, stairs and
laminated sheets

• Do not spray directly on the floor

Air Freshener / Room
Offices. Corridors, Ready to use, No need to • Spray upward into the centre of the room as
TASKI R5 / Diversey R5 Freshener / Bathroom
washrooms dilute further. required
Freshener

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
4. What are The Types of Cleaning Chemicals and How to Dilute and Use Them in
Different Areas?

Product Code Pupose of The Product Area To Be Cleaned How To Dilute? How To Use?

• Heavy duty toilet bowl and urinal cleaner.

• Do not use on stainless steel, enamel, marble
and tiles.
• Flush around bowl especially around rim and
Heavy-duty toilet bowl waterline.
Ready to use, No need to
TASKI R6 / Diversey R6 bowl/urinal lime scale, stains Toilet bowls and urinals • Direct nozzle under toilet rim and evenly over
dilute further.
and other residues cleaner. the surfaces.
• Leave for 5 – 10 min.
• Flush toilet.
• Push water level down with toilet brush.

• For wet mopping, take the solution, bucket

For removal of oil and
Normal soiling: 20 - 40 ml in and mop.
grease from floor / Non-
For removal of oil and 1 ltr. water • Rinse the mop frequently.
TASKI R7 / Diversey R7 abrasive cream cleaner
grease Heavy soiling: 50 ml in 1 ltr. • Alternatively, use a scrubbing machine and
for water-resistant hard
Water pickup solution with a wet vacuum.
surfaces.

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
4. What are The Types of Cleaning Chemicals and How to Dilute and Use Them in
Different Areas?
Product Code Pupose of The Product Area To Be Cleaned How To Dilute? How To Use?

• Ready to use, Not Dilution

Required. • Citric acid based - safe on
• Pour the required amount of surfaces, including plastic
product into the kettle. kettles.
Kettle Descaler - Highly effective
Descaler - Highly • Add cold water to the maximum • Suitable for descaling all
acid-based Descaler for kettles,
TASKI R8 / Diversey R8 effective acid-based line and leave overnight. kettles.
kitchen equipment, shower heads
Descaler • Rinse thoroughly with fresh cold • Can be used neat for tough
etc.
water. lime scale deposits on shower
• Boil water once and then pour heads/ tap bases.
away before using again.

• Prevent scale dirt on wall

fittings
• Spray directly on the surface
to be cleaned
Removal of hard stains Fully formulated cleaner for cleaning
50 - 100ml in 1 ltr. water, as per • Leave for 20 sec
TASKI R9 / Diversey R9 - from Bathroom Walls all fittings and walls in the bathroom,
the staining requirement • Scrub and drain plain water
and Fittings sink, tub, tiles and fittings.
• Wipe surface and polish all
metal surfaces with a clean cloth
• Replace cloth regularly

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 5. How to Manage Cleaning Chemicals Consumption and Cost?
CLEANING CHEMICALS CONSUMPTION & COST MANAGEMENT

Name of the Site:

Area To Be Cleaned Normal Total Requirement

Consumpti
Brand & Code Product Name Cleaning Processes Unit Rate Cost / Month
on/1000
Locations Sq Ft Total Area Sq.Ft Per Day Per Month

Bath Room
Taski R1 Sweep, mop with germicidal disinfectant
Cleaner
Wet mop hard surface flooring

Wet mop hard surface flooring

Scrub and polish hard surface flooring

Wet Mop stairs and landings

All prpose
Taski R2 Polish / buff hard surface flooring
Cleaner
Spot clean walls , light switches, doors,
and window frames

Wet mop hard surface flooring

Spot clean walls, light switches and
doors
Clean both sides of glass doors and
Glass & Mirror adjacent windows, wipe frames
Taski R3
Cleaner
Clean all mirrors

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 5. How to Manage Cleaning Chemicals Consumption and Cost?
CLEANING CHEMICALS CONSUMPTION & COST MANAGEMENT
Name of the Site:

Area To Be Cleaned Normal Total Requirement

Consumpti
Brand & Code Product Name Cleaning Processes Unit Rate Cost / Month
on/1000
Locations Sq Ft Total Area Sq.Ft Per Day Per Month

Clean standing or hanging directory or

signage
Spot clean walls, light switches and
partition glass
Furniture
Taski R4 Dust all furniture and fixtures, desks
Cleaner
cleaned only if clear
Dust and spot clean baseboards
Clean table bases and chair legs
Bath Room
Taski R6 Clean and sanitize all toilets, urinals
Cleaner
Clean and sanitize walls and doors
Sink, tub, Tiles , Clean all sinks and countertops
Taski R9
Fittings Cleaner Clean and sanitize counter tops,
cabinets, tables and chairs
Taski 257 Sanitizer Clean telephones, sanitize headsets

TOTAL COST / MONTH

Housekeeping Supervisor Facility Manager

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
6. What are The Cleaning Machines and How to do Manage Deployment Scheduling and Cost?

Cleaning machines
Area Description & Cleaning
S.No
Processes Usage Time /
Product Name Brand & Code Unit Rate Cost / Month
Week
A . Entrances and Lobby areas

A1 Vacuum carpeting and matting Vacuum Cleaner

A2 Dust HVAC ventilation grills Vacuum Cleaner

A3 Polish / buff hard surface flooring Scrubbing machine

A4 Dust / vacuum window coverings Vacuum Cleaner

A5 Vacuum upholstered furniture Vacuum Cleaner

B . General office areas

B1 Vacuum carpeting wall to wall Carpet Extractor

Scrub and polish hard surface
B2 Scrubbing machine
flooring
B3 Dust / vacuum window coverings Vacuum Cleaner

B4 Dust HVAC ventilation grills Vacuum Cleaner

B5 Vacuum upholstered furniture Vacuum Cleaner

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
6. What are The Cleaning Machines and How to do Manage Deployment Scheduling and Cost?

Cleaning machines
Area Description & Cleaning
S.No Usage Time /
Processes Product Name Brand & Code Unit Rate Cost / Month
Week
C . Corridors
C1 Vacuum carpeted surfaces Vacuum Cleaner
C2 Dust HVAC ventilation grills Vacuum Cleaner
D . Restrooms
Scrubbing & Buffing
D1 Polish / buff hard surface flooring
machine
D2 Dust HVAC ventilation grills Vacuum Cleaner
E. Cafeteria and break areas
Scrubbing & Buffing
E1 Polish / buff hard surface flooring
machine
Vacuum carpeted areas, spot
E2 Vacuum Cleaner
clean
E3 Dust furniture, fixtures Vacuum Cleaner
F. Stairwells
Scrub and polish hard surface
F1 Scrubbing machine
flooring
Dust piping, signage and high
F2 Vacuum Cleaner
areas

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS MANAGEMENT
Qty Required /
S.No Cleaning Processes Janitorial Items Required Total Area
Month
A . Ent rances and Lobby areas

A1 Remove trash from receptacles, replace li ner, spot clean receptacle Dust Bin & Liner

A2 Vacuum carpeting and matting

A3 Clean both sides of glass doors and adjacent windows, wipe frames Dusting Spray Gun

A4 Clean standi ng or hanging direct ory or si gnage Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

A5 Spot clean walls, light switches and part ition gl ass Dusting Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

A6 Dust mop hard surface flooring Dry Mop stick

A7 Wet mop hard surface fl ooring Mop stick & Mop Bucket

A8 Dust all furni ture and fixtures Dusting Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

A9 Dust all walls, doors, window frames above six feet Ladder & Duster

A 10 Clean door jambs and polish thresholds Hard & soft Brushes

A 11 Dust HVAC ventilation grills

A 12 Polish / buff hard surface flooring

A 13 Dust / v acuum window coverings

A 14 Vacuum upholstered furnit ure

A 15 Clean t elephones, sani tize headsets Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS MANAGEMENT
Qty Required /
S.No Cleaning Processes Janitorial Items Required Total Area
Month

B . General office areas

B1 Remove trash, replace liner, and spot cl ean receptacle Dust Bin & Liner

B2 Remove recycl e t rash as per company schedule Color Code -Dust Bin & Liner

B3 Vacuum carpeting wal l to wal l

B4 Dust mop hard surface flooring Dry Mop sticks

B5 Wet mop hard surface fl ooring Mop sticks & Mop Bucket

B6 Scrub and polish hard surface flooring

B7 Dust all accessible baseboards Dusting Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

B8 Dust all furni ture and fixtures, desk s cl eaned only if clear Dusting Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

B9 Dust all walls, li ght swi tches , window frames above six feet Ladder & Duster

B 10 Spot clean walls , light switches, doors, and window frames Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

B 11 Dust / v acuum window coverings

B 12 Dust HV AC ventilation grills

B 13 Vacuum upholstered furnit ure

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS MANAGEMENT
S.No Cleaning Processes Janitorial Items Required Total Area Qt y Required / Month

C . Corridors

C1 Vacuum carpeted surfaces

C2 Spot clean carpeting when needed Soft Brushes, Dust pan

C3 Clean and polish drinking fountains, coffee machine area Dusting Cloth

C4 Dust and spot clean walls, fixtures, light switches, door jambs, and window frames Hard & soft Brushes, D usting Scott Cloth, Yellow Cloth

C5 Dust and spot clean baseboards Dusting Spray Can & D usting Scott Cloth, Yellow Cloth

C6 Dust HVAC ventilation grills

D . Restrooms

D1 Remove trash, replace liner and spot clean receptacle Dust Bin & Liner

D2 Sweep, mop with germicidal disinfectant Broom, Dust Pan, Mop Stick & Bucket

D3 Replenis h paper products, hand soap, and feminine napkins

D4 Clean and sanitize all toilets, urinals Brushes, Mug, Buckets

D5 Clean and sanitize walls and doors Brushes, Mug, Buckets

D6 Clean all s inks and countertops

D7 Clean all mirrors

D8 Clean and sanitize stall partitions, shelves, fixtures / dispensers

D9 Dust HVAC ventilation grills

D 10 Clean, sanitize and polish all metal bright work

D 11 Pour water in floor drains, add enzymes as needed

D 12 Clean and sanitize shower areas where applicable

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS MANAGEMENT
Qty Required /
S.No Cleaning Processes Janitorial Items Required Total Area
Month
E. Cafeteria and break areas

E1 Remove trash, replace liners, and spot clean receptacles Dust Bin & Liner

E2 Dust mop hard surface flooring Dry Mop stick s

E3 Wet mop hard surface fl ooring Mop sticks & Mop Buck et

E4 Vacuum carpeted areas, spot cl ean

E5 Dust furni ture, fixtures Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

E6 Clean and sanitize count er tops, cabinets, tables and chairs Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

E7 Clean t able bases and chair legs Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

E8 Spot clean walls, light switches and doors Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

E9 Dust and clean vending machines Dusti ng Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

F. Stairwells

F1 Police for debris and discard Broom, Dust Pan

F2 Sweep and mop stairs and landings Broom, Dust Pan

F3 Wet Mop stairs and l andings Mop & Mop Bucket

F4 Dust ,clean and sanitize handrai ls Dusting Spray Can & Dust ing Scot t Cloth, Yellow Cloth

F5 Dust pi pi ng, signage and high areas Ladder & Dusting Scott Cloth, Yel low Cloth

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS MANAGEMENT
S.No Cleaning Processes Janitorial Items Required Total Area Qty Required / Month

G. General Notes

G1 Remove all building trash to designated dumpster

G2 Keep areas surrounding dumpster clean

G3 Any debris outside trash receptacles will be discarded only if marked as trash

G4 Secure all designated interior doors after cl eaning

G5 Furni ture shall be straightened and returned t o original position

G6 Furni ture polish to be used only if requested

G7 Report any noticeable malfunctioning fixt ures to buil di ng management

H. Management and Supervision

Communicat e with customer contact regarding cleaning schedules, special needs, product
H1
orders etc.

H2 Provi de supervision to ensure compliance with specifications

H3 Provi de supervision to ensure ongoi ng training, safet y and security measures

H4 Report any problems or safety hazards to management immediatel y

Housekeepi ng Supervisor Facilit y Manager

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS COST MANAGEMENT

S.No Descri pt ion Unit Rate Requi rement / Month Cost / Month

1 Wringer Bucket 24 LTR

2 Multifunction Mop Trolley – 34l tr
3 Multifunction Mop Trolley – 46 ltr
4 Telescope Pole 3Mts

5 Telescope Pole 6 Mts

6 Telescope Pole 9 Mts
7 Glass Cleaning Kit
8 Wet & Dry Vacuum Cl eaner- 30 Ltr
9 SS Pedal Bin – 5 ltr

10 Hand Dryer ABS

11 Black Metal Dust Bin
12 120 L Garbage Bin
13 Glass Applicator 35 Cm

14 Glass Applicator 45 Cm
15 WINDO W WASHER REFILL 35CM
16 WINDO W WASHER REFILL 45CM
17 Cob Web Brush Fan
18 Dust pan Wit h Broom –Lobby Dust Pan

19 C / M Fold Di spenser
20 M.S. ROD 5’

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
7. What are The Janitorial Items Required for Different Areas And How to Manage
Consumption and Cost?
JANITORIAL ITEMS COST MANAGEMENT

S.No Description Unit Rate Requirement / Month Cost / Month

21 KITCHEN WIP ER

22 TRIGGER PU MP with Bottle - JD

23 Shoe Polish Machine

24 Hand wash Dispenser Plastic

25 Hand wash Dispenser SS – 500 ML

26 Hand wash Dispenser SS – 800 ML

27 SOAP DISP EN SOR WF64 (500 ML)

28 ALUMINUM TOOL HOLDER

29 Stainless Steel Squeeze – 35 cm

30 Stainless Steel Squeeze – 45 cm

31 REPLACEMENT RU BBER - 1 MTR

32 Display Signage Board Yellow – Caution Cone (All Words)

33 Ezy Mop 18 / 24’’ Inch

34 Vis a versa 45 cm

35 240 L Garbage Trolley Dust Bin

36 Caddy Basket

37 Ride On Scrubber Auto Scrubber 85 B

38 Manual Flipper

39 Kendaki Mop Set

Hous ekeeping Supervis or Facility Manager

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 8. GROUNDSKEEPING MANAGEMENT
Frequency
Week Month Year
Pick up litter on site 5
Clean drive areas 1
Clean benches 2
Mow lawn 1
Water lawn 1
Lubricate weed trimmer 1
Inspect lawnmower 1
Prune landscaping (spring and fall) 2
Weed spray As required
Fertilize lawn/trees/shrubs (spring and fall) 2
Add topsoil (fall) 1
Replace winter kill (spring) 1
Edge flower beds 2
Plant flowers (spring) 1
Prune trees and shrubs (summer) 1

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 9. PEST CONTROL MANAGEMENT

SNO NATURE OF WORK FREQUENCY REMARKS

1 Spraying pest control chemicals Weekly To control presence of
cockroaches, ants, flies
etc,

2 Rodent Control Fortnightly To control presence of

rodents at the site

3 Snakes Control Fortnightly To apply snake repellent

chemicals to avoid entry
of snakes in the premises

4 Termite Control One Time Process To control termites inside

the premises

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 10. WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE MINIMIZATION: Facilities Manager has to deal with waste management activities in their
day-to-day operations, keeping in mind the principles of
RRR (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle). The advantages are:
o It makes money
o Saves non-renewable resources
o Uses less energy
o Reduces landfill
o Reduces incinerator usage
o Reduces greenhouse gases that cause global climate
Therefore the facilities manager will evolve guidelines and procedures to
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle waste generated in a building as follows:
Reduce:
▪ Pack food that you bring from home in reusable containers.
▪ Keep a reusable mug, plate, or silverware at your desk or in your office.
▪ Use such items when you purchase drinks or food on campus.
▪ Use a water filter and reusable bottles instead of buying bottled water.
▪ Buying laundry detergent, soap or food in bulk also reduces packaging.

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 10. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Reuse
Plastic Bags / Paper / Clothes / Coffee Mugs / Water Bottles
Recycle
Corrugated and un-waxed / White/coloured paper (staples are okay) / White/coloured envelops with
windows / Booklets/manuals / Fax & copy paper / Greeting cards / Post-It notes / Soft-covered books
with white pages / Time cards / Folders / Aluminum cans / Steels cans / Unbroken glass of all colours
/ Compact disks / Ink-jet, Toners and Laser cartridges / Computer / Light bulbs / Alkaline and
Rechargeable Batteries / Cell Phones / Mattresses and Furniture / Scrap metals

WASTE DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT

▪ This procedure defines the steps to be followed to minimize the waste generation, segregation of
wastes
and disposal as per the Guidelines set by the Management

▪ The segregated wastes shall be disposed to the Municipality Yards after getting the necessary
permits.

(Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 10. WASTE MANAGEMENT

In is the process, The Engineer concerned

Waste minimization has to identify all types of waste
generation and the re-use, wherever
applicable.
.
Segregation of waste This is the process of making the waste
yards as environmental friendly.

Municipality’s permission to be obtained

Collect the permits from the prior to disposal of the waste at the
Municipality designated yards of Municipality.

Record the details in the waste In this significant findings of the

management register assessment should be recorded and kept.

Review the details in a monthly Waste Management Register.

basis
 11. HOUSEKEEPING MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTS
(ALL THE BELOW DOCUMENTS FORMATS WILL BE SENT SEPARATELY AND HYPERLINKED)

1) Cleaning Processes Guide

2) Cleaning Schedule Management
3) Cleaner’s Time Sheet
4) Daily Cleanliness Checklists
5) Groundskeeping Guide
6) Landscaping Management Plan
7) Cleaning Machinery & janitorial Items Management Plan
8) Cleaning Chemicals Consumption Management Plan
9) Waste Management Plan
10) Pest Control Management Plan

(All Original Document in Excel will be Sent along with the Total Package)
 BALANCE SECTIONS

SECTION 2. OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

SECTION 3. SECURITY & SAFETY MANAGEMENT

SECTION 4. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

SECTION 5. CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

SECTION 6. ADMINISTRATION
 KNOWLEDGE AREA 2

Complete knowledge of all MEP Technical Systems in a Building

– Total 11 Systems
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
NAME OF THE SYSTEMS
1. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
2. AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
3. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
4. ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
5. CCTV SYSTEM
6. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
7. PUBLIC ADDRESSING SYSTEM
8. BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
9. PLUMBING SYSTEM
10. WATER TREATMENT PLANT
11. SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 BUILDING ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
BASIC FUNDAMENTAL TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE OF 11 MEP SYSTEMS

1. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

CONTENTS
1. Introduction 8. Functioning of a Fire Sprinkler System

2. How fire occurs ―Fire Sprinklers / Sprinkler Heads

―Water Storage Tank
3. Classification of Fires
―Fire Pump Room (Pumps, Valves & Other
4. Types of Fire Protection Components)

5. Fire Hazard Categories ―Alarm Check Valve

―Risers & Zone Control Valve assembly
6. Fire Extinguishers – Hand appliances
―Types of Sprinkler system
7. Schematic Diagram of a Typical Fire
9. Functioning of a Fire Hydrant System
Protection System
―Breeching Inlet
―Fire Hose Reel Cabinet & Landing Valve
10. Aerosol / Clean Agent / FM 200 Systems
11. Fire Safety Codes & Standards
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1. INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
▪ Fire Protection Systems are used to extinguish, control, or in some cases, entirely prevent fires from
spreading or occurring.
▪ Fire Protection Systems have an incredibly large variety of applications, and as such, there are many
different types of suppression systems.
▪ Fire suppression systems are governed by the codes under the National Fire Protection Association,
also known as the NFPA. This organization writes codes, regulations, and recommendations on the
proper installation and maintenance of these fire suppression systems
▪ The main objectives of fire protection
I. Primarily, to protect building occupants from loss of life
II. Secondarily, to prevent property damages
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1. INTRODUCTION
• TRAINING ON FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
▪ Conserve Solutions have a comprehensive training curriculum that includes training for technicians,
building engineers, property managers and anyone seeking to learn more about fire protection
systems and equipment.
▪ Participants can be trained to design, install and maintain fire protection systems by completing our
classroom / online course.
▪ The program is taught by highly experienced trainers and this is a self-paced, video based training
consisting of various modules: 1-5
▪ After completing the course and passing the exam with a score of over 80%, you will receive a
certificate.
▪ Certificates may be used to demonstrate your skill sets pertain to Fire Protection System and will be
helpful to upgrade your job of to find a new job.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

2. HOW FIRE OCCURS?

• FIRE TETRAHEDRON
▪ For fire to occur, there are four essential elements that must be present.
1. Heat - sufficient heat is required to raise the material to its
ignition temperature
2. Fuel / Combustible material - Flammable materials like petrol,
wood, fabrics, etc.
3. Oxygen - to sustain combustion
4. Chemical reaction - Heat energy is transferred to adjacent fuel /
material, creating a chemical chain reaction
▪ Removal of any one of four elements will extinguish the fire. Fire
extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more elements in
the fire tetrahedron.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3. CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES

▪ Combustible and flammable materials involved in fire are classified under five classes of fires (as
per NFPA 1 – Fire Code)
1. Class A - fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper and
many plastics.
2. Class B - fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, oil-
based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases.
3. Class C - fires involving energized electrical equipment, appliances and wiring.
4. Class D - fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium,
lithium, and potassium.
5. Class K - fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetable or
animal oils and fats).
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION

Fire Protection in Building

Passive Active

▪ Passive Fire Protection (PFP) are usually ▪ Active Fire Protection require some kind
structural and built into the buildings to of action of work(Manual / Automatic).
resist fire. ▪ Examples: Fire extinguisher, Sprinkler
▪ Examples: Fire rated walls, ceiling, doors system etc.
etc.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION

• PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

▪ Passive fire protection breaks the building into “compartments” and prevents the spread of fire
through the use of fire-resistance rated walls and floors.
▪ It utilizes fire doors to help further compartmentalize the structure and dampers to prevent the
spread of fire and smoke throughout the ducts of the building.

Fire Compartmentation
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION

• PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION METHODS

▪ Fire walls
▪ Fire doors
▪ Fire-resistant glasses
▪ Fire resistance rated floors
▪ Occupancy separations / Fire barriers Cable coating Fire door assembly

▪ Fire damper
▪ Fire stops
▪ Cable coating
▪ Smoke barriers
• Let us discuss some methods in brief!
Fire damper
Fire-resistance glass
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION

• PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION METHODS

▪ Fire walls - are exterior wall that extends continuously from the base
of the building all the way to the roof. They are designed to remain
standing even if the adjacent structure collapses under fire conditions.
Firewalls will typically have a 3 to 4-hour fire-resistance rating.
▪ Fire barriers - are interior walls that extend from the floor‐to‐floor or
floor‐to‐roof, including concealed and interstitial spaces. They are
designed to sub‐divide portions of the building, and can be supported
by structures, such as roofs, columns or floors. These walls will typically
have a 2 to 3‐hour fire‐resistance rating.
▪ Fire stops – A specific system, device or construction consisting of the
materials that fill the openings around penetrating items such as
cables, cable trays, conduits, ducts, pipes, and their means of support
through the wall openings to prevent the spread of fire.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION

• PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION & RESISTANCE RATINGS

▪ Fire Protection Rating - The period of time that an opening protective will maintain the ability
to confine a fire as determined by tests. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes.
Ex: Doors / Windows / Transom assembly
▪ Fire Resistance Rating - The period of time a building element, component or assembly
maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both,
as determined by the tests. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes.
Ex: Wall / floor / Ceiling assembly
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

4. TYPES OF FIRE PROTECTION

• ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION METHODS

▪ Active Fire Protection consists of the components of fire protection that require some
kind of action to work. This action may be manual or automatic.

Active Fire Protection

Manual Automatic

Fire Extinguisher Sprinkler system

Fire Hose Reel Fire detection system

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

5. FIRE HAZARDS CATAGORIES

HAZARD QUANTITY OF COMBUSTIBILITY RATE OF HEAT RELEASE

CLASSIFICATION CONSUMABLES

LIGHT LOW LOW LOW

ORD GROUP 1 MODERATE LOW MODERATE

ORD GROUP 2 MODERATE / HIGH MODERATE / HIGH MODERATE / HIGH

EXTRA GROUP 1 VERY HIGH VERY HIGH HIGH

EXTRA GROUP 2 VERY HIGH VERY HIGH HIGH

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

5. FIRE HAZARDS CATAGORIES

• LIGHT HAZARD:
• Quantity of combustibles is low (less than 10 pounds of wood equivalent per square foot)
• and/or
• Combustibility of contents is low
• and
• Low rates of heat release expected.

• Examples:
• Church seating areas / Corridors / Office areas / Dwelling units / Combustible concealed spaces (not
used for storage)
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

5. FIRE HAZARDS CATAGORIES

• ORDINARY HAZARD, GROUP 1:
• Quantity of combustibles is moderate
• And
• Combustibility of contents is low
• And
• Storage heights are 8 feet or less
• And
• Moderate rates of heat release expected.

• Examples: Parking garages / Kitchens / Mechanical rooms / Storage rooms with storage height of 8
feet or less (And meeting the above criteria for the quantity and combustibility of contents).
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

5. FIRE HAZARDS CATAGORIES

• ORDINARY HAZARD, GROUP 2:

• Quantity of combustibles is moderate to high
• And
• Combustibility of contents is moderate to high
• And
• Storage heights do not exceed 12 feet
• And
• Moderate to high rates of heat release expected.
• Examples: Retail stores / Storage rooms with storage heights of 12 feet or less (and meeting the
above criteria for the quantity and combustibility of contents) / Warehouses (and meeting the
above criteria for the quantity and combustibility of contents)
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

5. FIRE HAZARDS CATAGORIES

• EXTRA HAZARD, GROUP 1:

• Quantity of combustibles is very high
• And
• Combustibility of contents is very high
• And
• High rates of heat release expected
• And
• Small quantities of flammable/combustible liquids present.
• Examples: - Saw mills / Plywood/particle board manufacturing / Furniture upholstering using foam
plastics
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

5. FIRE HAZARDS CATAGORIES

• EXTRA HAZARD, GROUP 2:
• Quantity of combustibles is very high
• And
• Combustibility of contents is very high
• And
• High rates of heat release expected
• Flammable/combustible liquids in moderate to large quantities present
• Or Contents are shielded.
• Examples: - Flammable liquid spraying / Mobile home manufacturing
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

6. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER CLASSIFICATION

Class A Class B Class B Class C Class D Class K

Fire Combustible
Type Combustible Flammable Flammable Flammable Electrical
cooking
materials liquids gases metals equipment
Extinguisher media

Water      
Foam      
Dry Powder      
CO2      
Wet
Chemical
     
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

6. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER INSTALLATION (as per NFPA 10)

▪ Must be easily accessible and visible (Visual obstructions should be avoided)

▪ Installation height:
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

6. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• FIRE EXTINGUISHER INSTALLATION (as per NFPA 10)

▪ The minimum number of fire extinguishers for Class A

hazards for each floor of a building shall be determined by
dividing the total floor area by the maximum area to be
protected per extinguisher as determined in the below table.
▪ For Class A, the maximum travel distance to extinguisher
should be less than 75 ft.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

7. OVERALL SCHEMATIC OF AN ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

2. Fire Hydrant system
1. Fire Sprinkler system
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

▪ Active fire protection system of a building shall include

1. Fire Sprinkler System – Automatic
2. Fire Hydrant System – Manual
3. Fire Extinguishers

▪ Fire sprinkler system is automatically triggered in case of fire

whereas Fire hydrant system needs manual intervention (for
the access of fire brigade personnel or occupants).
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

Water Storage Tank
SPRINKLER SYSTEM – FLOW
DIAGRAM Suction Header

OS & Y valve OS & Y valve OS & Y valve

Main / Electric Pump Jockey Pump Diesel Pump

Non Return Valve Non Return Valve Non Return Valve

OS & Y valve OS & Y valve OS & Y valve

Discharge Header

Alarm Control Valve Assembly

Riser

Zone Control Valve

Main Line

Branch Line

Fire Sprinklers
Illustration of water flow in pump room
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• 1. Fire Sprinklers / Sprinkler Heads
• Fire Sprinkler Head
▪ A component of a fire sprinkler system discharges water when the effects of fire have
been detected.
• How it is triggered?

▪ Fire Sprinklers are attached to the sprinkler

piping.
▪ It has bulb filled with a glycerine-based liquid
which expand with heat.
▪ At predetermined temperature, the liquid
expands enough to break the bulb and releases
the plug.
▪ The water hits the deflector and spreads in a
circular pattern and covers the area of fire.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Sprinkler Head Structure
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Sprinkler Bulb Response Temperature
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

Fire Water Storage Tank

Tank 1

Pump room

Tank 2
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

▪ The storage tank can be
underground or overhead.
▪ Water should always reserved in
these tanks for emergency.
• Different parts of a storage tank
1. Water level gauge
2. Make up or Filling line Air Vent pipe

3. Discharge line
4. Overflow
5. Drain
6. Anti-Vortex plate
7. Air Vent pipe

Anti-Vortex plate
Water Storage Tank
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

Fire Pump Room

• A sprinkler system shall be installed with three centrifugal

pumps namely

(i) Jockey Multi-stage Centrifugal Pump

(ii) Main Electric Centrifugal Pump

(iii) Diesel Engine Driven Centrifugal Pump

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• A schematic drawing of pumps in Fire pump room
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Fire Pumps

• Purpose
▪ Take the water from existing water source, and
increase that source pressure (psi) by a designed
amount and provide that higher pressure to a fire
protection system at a designed rate of flow (GPM)
• (i) Jockey Pump
▪ Small pump , intended to maintain pressure in fire
protection pipelines.
▪ In case of pressure drop due to sprinkler operation,
jockey pump start to maintain pressure.
▪ The jockey pumps are normally designed for 3% of
the flow of the main fire pump and to provide 10 psi
more pressure than the main fire pump.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• (ii) Main / Electric pump

▪ The heart of the fire sprinkler system.

▪ Main electric pump starts when the pressure in the
fire sprinkler system drops below set threshold due
to breakage of more sprinkler.
▪ The main electric pump has more power and the
same speed as that of the jockey pump.
• (iii) Diesel Engine Driven pump
▪ If there is a power outage, the diesel pump will be
activated.
▪ The flow of diesel pump is same as that of the main
electric pump, but has smaller speed.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

Operational Sequence of Fire Pumps – A Typical Illustration

Pump Start out Mode Stop Mode

Sequence
Jockey Pump 5.0 Bar Auto 7.0 Bar Auto

Main Pump 3.0 Bar Auto - Manual

Diesel Pump 2.0 Bar Auto - Manual

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Valves & Other components in pump room

▪ Flow Control Valves

i. OS & Y / Gate valve
ii. Butterfly valve
iii. Globe valve
iv. Ball valve
▪ Y Strainer
▪ Non-return valve
▪ Flexible pipe connector
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

Source for Illustration: Duyar valve
Flow control valves
• A flow control valve, used as a shut off valve on water feed lines to
disconnect (control) in-situ zones.

i) OS & Y Valve / Gate Valve

• Outside Screw and Yoke
• Installed in fire pump room pipelines, breeching inlet and also
at the bottom of
each riser in the building.
• Tamper Switch – Attached with valve. When the valve is
opened or closed,
the switch gives indication to the fire alarm panel.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

ii) Butterfly valve
• The closing mechanism takes in the form of a disk.
• Lower cost & weight.
• A pressure drop is always induced in the flow, regardless of valve
position.

Source for Illustration: Duyar valve

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

iii)Globe Valve
• By turning the hand wheel, the disc can be lowered or raised
by means of the valve stem.

iv)Ball Valve
• The flow occurs through the hole in the sphere.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Y Strainer

▪ Installed in the suction line of the pump after

the OS & Y valve.
▪ Separates debris or waste materials to
provide protection for the pumps & valve.

• Non Return Valve

▪ Allows water to flow in one direction only.

▪ Thereby, preventing the water flow back to
the tank.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Flexible Pipe Connector
▪ Connected before and after the pump
▪ To isolate vibrations from the pump to the adjacent pipe systems

Braided S.S Corrugated S.S Rubber bellow

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Alarm Check Valve (ACV)

▪ It serves a dual purpose

1. prevents a reverse flow of water (non-return)
2. Produce mechanical alarm, when water flow equals or exceeds that of single sprinkler.
▪ Provided at the base of the each sprinkler riser
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Alarm Check Valve (ACV)

▪ Operational sequence
When a sprinkler (1) opens, the discharging
water lifts the alarm valve clapper (2) and
flows through the alarm port (3) to the
retard chamber (4). When the retard
chamber is filled, water flows to the water
motor alarm and/or the optional pressure
switch (5) which signals an electric alarm
bell (6).
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Sprinkler Riser

▪ Vertical main pipe takes water from the pump room and supplies water to sprinklers
in each floors/zones of the building.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Zone Control Valve (ZCV) Assembly
▪ Installed on each floor of a high-rise building.
▪ For large floor area, the floors are divided into multiple zones. At
each zone entrance, zone control valve assembly is installed.
▪ Each ZCV is electrically connected to the fire alarm panel.
▪ In case of fire in a zone, ZCV assemblies helps to find out the exact
zone of fire.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Supervisory Switch Butterfly Valve:
▪ Used for separating the zones and act like control valves.
▪ Usually a wafer butterfly valve or grooved butterfly valve.
→ Wafer – Connected to the pipe with flanges, bolts & nuts
→ Grooved – Connected to the grooves on the pipe
▪ Yellow color knob indicates whether the valve is open or
closed
▪ The valve is connected to fire alarm panel through wires

Wafer Type → Grooved Type →

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Pressure Reducing/Relief Valve

▪ An optional valve, used when riser pressure is higher than the required.
▪ Reduce pressure, by using the pilot, by setting the needed outlet pressure.
• Pressure Gauge
▪ To monitor the pressure on both inlet and outlet side of the PRV.

Pressure Reducing Valve with gauges

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Flow Switch
▪ Indicate when water is flowing through the pipe
▪ When water flows, the plastic vane is moved and thereby
sending signal to alarm.
▪ Two types of flow switch
→ U Bolt – used for large diameter pipes
→ Tee-tap – threaded and used for small diameter pipes

U Bolt → Tee-tap →
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Test and Drain Valve

▪ In case of accidental damage of the sprinkler, the water in the
pipe system of the zone is drained using this valve
▪ Also, ZCV assembly can be tested using this valve
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Flow switch & Test valve illustration

Source: Duyar Valve

BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Zone/Floor Control Valve Assembly location illustration

Zone 5

Zone 4

Zone 3 (FCVA 3)
Zone 3 (FCVA 4)

Zone 2

Zone 1
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM

▪ Wet system
▪ Dry system
▪ Pre-action pipe sprinkler system
▪ Deluge pipe sprinkler system
• Each system type has its own unique benefits. It is important
to consider the pros and cons of each system type when
selecting which sprinkler system is appropriate for your
specific environment.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Wet Sprinkler System
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Wet Sprinkler System

Wet Alarm Check Valve

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Dry Sprinkler System
▪ In this system, sprinkler piping is not filled with water instead they are filled with
nitrogen air.
▪ Water is held behind a dry pipe valve usually some distance away from where the
sprinklers are located.
▪ When a sprinkler reaches the predetermined temperature, bulb or fusible link breaks.
First, air is released from the opened sprinkler head. The drop in pressure in the pipe
causes the dry pipe valve to open and fills the system with water.
• Pros
▪ Preferred for unconditioned spaces or locations subjected to freezing.
• Cons
▪ Delay between sprinkler operation and water flow. Hence, dry pipe size is limited to
reduce the delay time.
▪ Higher installation & maintenance cost.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Dry Sprinkler System

Dry Alarm Check Valve

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Pre-action System
▪ One or two events must happen to initiate sprinkler discharge.
▪ Three different types of pre-action systems
1. Non-interlock system: the operation of detection devices OR automatic sprinklers
2. Single interlock system: the operation of detection devices
3. Double interlock system: the operation of detection devices AND automatic
sprinklers

Diff. kinds of event Non-interlock Single Double

System is filled with System is not filled with System is not filled with
Non-Fire event water. water. water.
(Say bulb breaking) Water discharge No water discharge. No water discharge
happens.
After heat detection, After heat detection, After heat detection &
Fire event system fills with water. system fills with water. sprinkler operation,
system fills with water.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Pre-action Sprinkler System
• Pros
▪ Prevent the accidental filling of the system and
minimize the risk of water damage.
• Cons
▪ Higher installation and maintenance costs (as it is
more complex).
▪ In Double-interlock type, delay in water delivery.
• Application areas
• Single interlock – Museums, Computer rooms or
similar settings where water damage is a concern.
• Double interlock – Freezer storage warehouses or in
similar situation where accidental presence of water
in the system lead to expensive remediation.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

8. FUNCTIONING OF A FIRE SPRINKLERS SYSTEM

• Deluge Sprinkler System
▪ Deluge system use open sprinklers or nozzles.
▪ Once the detection system (Ex: Smoke / Heat detectors) is activated,
the water flows from every sprinkler head.
• Application areas
▪ Most suitable for Extra hazard areas (For ex: aircraft hangers, power
plants & chemical storage)
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• FUNCTIONING OF HYDRANT SYSTEM

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

HYDRANT SYSTEM – FLOW
DIAGRAM Water Storage Tank
(CASE 1)
Suction Manifold

OS & Y valve OS & Y valve OS & Y valve

Main / Electric Pump Jockey Pump Diesel Pump

Non Return Valve Non Return Valve Non Return Valve

OS & Y valve OS & Y valve OS & Y valve

Discharge Manifold

Fire Brigade Truck Breeching Inlet Standpipe / Riser

Landing Valve Hose Reel Cabinet

Hoses

Note: The hydrant system has separate set of jockey, main & diesel engine operated pumps similar to sprinkler system. However, all pumps are
connected to common fire water storage tank. Usually, the system will be kept as wet (Except at cold spaces).
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

HYDRANT SYSTEM – FLOW
DIAGRAM
(CASE 2)
Fire Brigade Truck

Breeching Inlet

Standpipe / Riser

Landing Valve Hose Reel Cabinet

Hoses

Note: In this case, the hydrant system is not connected to the water tank and provided with only breeching inlet to connect with the external fire
brigade. Hence, the system will be kept as dry.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• Breeching Inlet

▪ Installed at ground level outside the building

▪ Used to supply water to fire hydrant system
from the fire brigade truck.
▪ Has non-return valve setup and a drain valve Breeching Inlet Sectional View
▪ Types of Breeching inlets
→ Four-way breeching inlet
→ Two-way breeching inlet

Four way Two way

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• Schematic drawing of breeching inlet and check valve assembly
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• Standpipe / Riser

▪ Main pipe coming from the pump

room/breeching which takes water
into the building and goes up to
each floor.
▪ Can be dry or wet.

Extract from schematic showing risers & landing valves

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• Landing Valve
▪ Landing valve is installed in risers on all the floors; usually in
stairs landings, corridors & all suitable locations.
▪ Types of Landing Valve
→ Landing valve without PRV
→ Landing valve with PRV

Without PRV → With PRV →

 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• Hoses & Nozzle
▪ Flexible fire hoses and nozzles are kept in the Fire hose cabinets.
▪ Fire hose cabinets are installed mostly near landings and in corridors.
▪ One end of hose is connected to the landing valve through brass connector
and other end is connected to nozzle for spraying water.
▪ The hose should be manually unfolded to do firefighting when needed.

Fire hose (circular)

Fire hose rack type
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

10. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

• Hose Reel

▪ Fire Hose Reels can be unfolded easily with help of rotating drum.
▪ The water shall be supplied from either Hydrant pumps or sprinkler
pumps. And thus it can be kept wet.

Hose Reel Cabinet Hose Reel Cabinet

(Separate / Single) (Double Compartment)
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

11. FIRE SAFETY CODES & STANDARDS

• GENERAL
• The primary responsibility for fire prevention and fire protection lies primarily with State
Governments. Primary model-code-making organizations are The International Building Code (IBC)
and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• IBC (INTERNATIONAL BUILDONG CODE)
• The International Building Code (IBC) is a model building code developed by the International
Code Council (ICC). The code provisions are intended to protect public health and safety while
avoiding both unnecessary costs and preferential treatment of specific materials or methods of
construction.
• NFPA
• NFPA publishes more than 300 consensus codes and standards intended to minimize the possibility
and effects of fire and other risks. NFPA codes and standards, administered by more than 250
Technical Committees comprising approximately 8,000 volunteers, are adopted and used
throughout the world.
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

11. FIRE SAFETY CODES & STANDARDS

• NFPA STANDARDS
▪ NFPA 1 - Fire codes
▪ NFPA 10 - Standard for portable fire extinguisher
▪ NFPA 11 - Standard for Low, Medium & High Expansion Foam
▪ NFPA 12 - Standard for Carbon dioxide Fire Extinguishing System
▪ NFPA 12A - Standard for Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing System
▪ NFPA 13 - Standard for installation of sprinkler system
▪ NFPA 13 D - Standard for installation of sprinkler system in one and two family dwellings and
manufactured homes
▪ NFPA 13 R - Standard for installation of sprinkler system in Residential Occupancies up to and
including four stories in height
▪ NFPA 14 - Standard for installation of stand pipe and hose systems
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

11. FIRE SAFETY CODES & STANDARDS

▪ NFPA 15 - Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for fire protection
▪ NFPA 16 - Standard for the installation Foam -water Sprinklers and Foam-water Spray Systems.
▪ NFPA 17 - Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems
▪ NFPA 17A - Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems
▪ NFPA 20 - Standard for the installation of stationary pumps for fire protection.
▪ NFPA 22- standard for water tank for private fire protection
▪ NFPA 24-standard for installation of private fire service mains and appurtenances
▪ NFPA 70- National Electric Code
▪ NFPA70A- National Electric Code for one–two Family Dwellings
▪ NFPA 72-national fire alarm and signaling code
 BUILDING’S ALL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS - FUNCTIONAL KNOWLEDGE SELF STUDY COURSE - FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

11. FIRE SAFETY CODES & STANDARDS

▪ NFPA 80 – standard for fire door and other opening protective's
▪ NFPA 101- life safety code
▪ NFPA110 – Standard for Emergency and standby Power Systems
▪ NFPA111 – Standard for Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems
▪ NFPA170 – Standard for Fire safety and Emergency Symbols
▪ NFPA 720 – Standard for installation of Carbon monoxide (CO) Detection and warning equipments
▪ NFPA750 – Standard for Water Mist Fire Protection Systems
▪ NFPA 2001- standard on clean agent fire extinguisher systems
▪ NFPA 5000- building construction and safety codes
 BALANCE MEP SYSTEMS TO VIEW
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
CCTV SYSTEM
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
PUBLIC ADDRESSING SYSTEM
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PLUMBING SYSTEM
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 KNOWLEDGE AREA 3

Complete knowledge of Global warming, How Building are

Responsible for Global Warming and Green Building Measures
 Table of Contents
1. What is Climate Change / Global Warming?
2. What is the Green House Effect and How does it become the Reason for Global Warming?
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why is CO2 concentration considered the Main Reason?
4. What are the Catastrophic Effects Due to Global Warming?
5. How Can Buildings Minimize Global Warming?
6. What is a Green Building
7. What is Sustainability?
8. LEED - Green Building Certification Processes
✓ About USGBC
✓ LEED® Green Building Program
✓ LEED® Rating System
✓ LEED® Credit Categories
✓ LEED® Levels of Certification
✓ LEED® System Goals
✓ Other Green Building Rating Systems Across The World
9. An Overview of “LEED Incorporated Facilities Management”
10. How to do Energy Management?
✓ Using Building Automation System
✓ Using System Level Metering
✓ By Measuring the EUI (Energy use Index)
11. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency In Air Conditioning/HVAC Systems?
✓ From Building Shell
✓ By Introducing Energy Saving Systems/Devices
✓ By Monitoring and controlling Equipments Operating Parameters
✓ By Doing Proper Preventive Maintenance of Heat Transfer Parts
12. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency In Lighting System?
13. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency From Electrical Systems?
14. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency From Computers and Office Appliances?
15. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency By Using Renewable Energy?
16. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency Through Other Measures?
17. How to do Water Conservation Management?
18. How to Implement Sustainable Purchasing Practices?
19. What are The Solid Waste Management Practices of a Green Building?
20. How to Maintain Indoor Environmental Quality and Ensure Occupant Comfort?
1. What is Climate Change / Global Warming?

▪ Climate change refers to changes in Earth's temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind, clouds, and

precipitation patterns over time.

▪ Global warming is a contributing factor to climate change and refers specifically to the effect of

greenhouse gases on Earth's average surface temperature.

▪ Global warming is an acceptable term when discussing rising temperatures caused by greenhouse

gases. However, climate change is the more accurate term when describing other long-term

changes to the planet's weather patterns.

▪ Climate change is an urgent global issue, with demands for personal, collective, and governmental

action.
1. What is Climate Change / Global Warming?

▪ Multiple studies published in scientific journals show that human activities are the primary cause

of the observed climate-warming trend over the past century.

▪ Rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities

are the primary driver.

▪ The evidence is clear that carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main driver of climate change, even as other

greenhouse gases and air pollutants also affect the climate

2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

First Understand What is a Green House

▪ A greenhouse is made of glass. It has glass walls and a glass roof.

▪ It traps the Sun's energy inside and keeps the plants warm, even in winter.

▪ In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside. At

nighttime, it's colder outside, but the greenhouse stays pretty warm inside. That's because the

glass walls of the greenhouse trap the Sun's heat.

▪ People grow tomatoes and flowers and other plants in them

2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

First Understand What is a Green House

 2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

First Understand What is a Green House

Step 1: Light Comes In:
In order to provide light, greenhouses need to have some
way for the light to come in. This gives the plants inside
maximum access to sunlight.
Step 2: Heat Is Absorbed:
When the light comes in the glass walls of the
greenhouse, it is absorbed by the plants, ground and
anything else in the greenhouse, converting it to infrared
energy (aka heat) in the process. It's absorbing a lot of
heat.
2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

Step 3: Heat Gets Trapped: Once the light energy gets converted into infrared energy (heat), it has
a different wavelength. The change in the wavelength makes it so that the heat can't easily
escape out of the greenhouse's glass walls. So while getting in was easy, getting out is harder.

Step 4: Warming the Greenhouse: The trapped heat warms the air inside the greenhouse and
because a greenhouse is relatively air-tight, the warmer air stays inside, raising the entire
building's temperature. This is the same effect that you've no doubt experienced when getting
into a car after it's been sitting in a sunny parking space for a few hours. It is nice and toasty.

Step 5: Staying Warm: With sufficient sunlight, the temperature inside a greenhouse may become
much higher than the outdoor temperature.
2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

▪ Earth’s atmosphere works something like a

giant glass greenhouse.
▪ When sunlight reaches Earth's surface some is
absorbed and warms the earth and most of
the rest is radiated back to the atmosphere at
a longer wavelength than the sunlight.
▪ Some of these longer wavelengths are
absorbed by greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere before they are lost to space.
▪ The absorption of this longer wave of radiant
energy warms the atmosphere.
 2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

▪ As the sun’s rays enter our atmosphere, most continue right down to the planet’s surface.
▪ As Sun rays hit the soil and surface waters, those rays release much of their energy as heat.
Some of the heat then radiates back out into space.
▪ However, certain gases in our atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour,
work like a blanket to retain much of that heat.
▪ Certain gases in the atmosphere resemble glass in a greenhouse, allowing sunlight to pass into
the 'greenhouse,' but blocking Earth's heat from escaping into space.
▪ The warming of Earth’s atmosphere is due to the buildup of heat-trapping gases, such as carbon
dioxide and methane. Scientists refer to these pollutants as greenhouse gases.
▪ The earth’s atmosphere has always acted like a greenhouse to capture the sun’s heat, ensuring
that the earth has enjoyed temperatures that permitted the emergence of life forms as we
know them, including humans.
2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

▪ This helps to warm our atmosphere. The gases do this by absorbing the heat and radiating it
back to Earth’s surface.
▪ These gases are nicknamed “greenhouse gases” because of their heat-trapping effect.
▪ Global The gradual increase in the overall temperature of Earth’s atmosphere due to the
greenhouse effect. This effect is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,
chlorofluorocarbons and other gases in the air, many of them released by human activity.
▪ Without our atmospheric greenhouse, the earth would be very cold. Global warming, however,
is the equivalent of a greenhouse with high-efficiency reflective glass installed the wrong way
around.
▪ So much heat is being kept inside the greenhouse earth that the temperature of the earth is
going up faster than at any previous time in history
2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

Present Days Olden Days

More Green House Gas Layer Less Green House Layer
(Less Heat only Escaping To Space) (More Heat was escaping to Space)
2. What is Green House Effect and How does it Become the Reason for Global Warming?

Present Days Old Days

Maximum Reflection of IR Rays Minimum Reflection of IR Rays
 3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?

▪ The Green House Gases are Methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), Fluorinated gases and Carbon
dioxide (CO2),
▪ Methane (CH4): Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and
oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices, land use and
the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills.
▪ Nitrous oxide (N2O): Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural, land use, industrial activities,
combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during the treatment of wastewater.
▪ Fluorinated gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen
trifluoride are synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial
processes
▪ Carbon dioxide (CO2): Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human
activities. Carbon dioxide is naturally present in the atmosphere as part of the Earth's carbon
cycle (the natural circulation of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, plants, and animals).
 3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?

▪ Human activities are altering the carbon cycle–both by adding more CO2 to the atmosphere.
▪ While CO2 emissions come from a variety of natural sources, human-related emissions are
responsible for the increase that has occurred in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution
▪ The main human activity that emits CO2 is the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and
oil) for energy and transportation, although certain industrial processes and land-use changes
also emit CO2.
▪ Carbon dioxide is constantly being exchanged among the atmosphere, ocean, and land surface
as it is both produced and absorbed by many microorganisms, plants, and animals. However,
emissions and removal of CO2 by these natural processes tend to balance, absent human
activity’s impacts.
▪ Since the Industrial Revolution began around 1750, human activities have contributed
substantially to climate change by adding CO2 and other heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?
CO2 accounts for about 80 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?

Level of CO2 In The Atmosphere

▪ 72-80 % of the totally emitted greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO 2). Therefore, CO2
emissions are the most important cause of global warming .
▪ Today's concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is at about 415 ppm and it is currently
increased by 2 to 3 ppm each year.
▪ Recent investigations have shown that inconceivable catastrophic changes in the environment
will take place as soon as the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere reaches the level of about
450 ppm.
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?
Level of CO2 In The Atmosphere
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?
Level of CO2 In The Atmosphere

▪ In the current trend, it is expected to reach 450 ppm by 2060 which Then the above-said
dangers will be met by all living beings in the World.
▪ Therefore, we can start to change our consciousness immediately to reduce the CO2 ppm and
thereby reduced Carbon footprint in the atmosphere.
▪ We know CO2 is inevitably created by burning fossil fuels for the generation of energy.
▪ It took nature millions of years to generate these fossil fuel resources, but we will have used
them up within the next decades.
▪ The shrinking supply will not make it possible to continue as usual for a longer time. We should
ask how much energy is really required to have a good quality of life, instead of taking our
current energy consumption for granted or even indispensable.
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?
Level of CO2 In The Atmosphere
3. What are the Green House Gases and Why CO2 Concentration is considered the Main Reason?
4. What are the Catastrophic Effects Due to Global Warming?
4. What are the Catastrophic Effects Due to Global Warming?
4. What are the Catastrophic Effects Due to Global Warming?
4. What are the Catastrophic Effects Due to Global Warming?
4. What are the Catastrophic Effects Due to Global Warming?
 BALANCE TOPICS IN KNOWLEDGE AREA 3

5. How Can Buildings Minimize Global Warming?

6. What is a Green Building
7. What is Sustainability?
8. LEED - Green Building Certification Processes
✓ About USGBC
✓ LEED® Green Building Program
✓ LEED® Rating System
✓ LEED® Credit Categories
✓ LEED® Levels of Certification
✓ LEED® System Goals
✓ Other Green Building Rating Systems Across The World
9. An Overview of “LEED Incorporated Facilities Management”
10. How to do Energy Management?
✓ Using Building Automation System
✓ Using System Level Metering
✓ By Measuring the EUI (Energy use Index)
11. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency In Air Conditioning/HVAC Systems?
✓ From Building Shell
✓ By Introducing Energy Saving Systems/Devices
✓ By Monitoring and controlling Equipments Operating Parameters
✓ By Doing Proper Preventive Maintenance of Heat Transfer Parts
12. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency In Lighting System?
13. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency From Electrical Systems?
14. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency From Computers and Office Appliances?
15. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency By Using Renewable Energy?
16. How to Achieve Energy Efficiency Through Other Measures?
17. How to do Water Conservation Management?
18. How to Implement Sustainable Purchasing Practices?
19. What are The Solid Waste Management Practices of a Green Building?
20. How to Maintain Indoor Environmental Quality and Ensure Occupant Comfort?
 PRICE LIST
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FM Job Knowledge Details What You Will Get Cost (INR/USD)
Housekeeping,
Operations & Maintenance, Study Materials of Six Functions in PPT
Security & Safety, Format & 93 Ready-to-Implement Facilities
Rs.1000/ 15USD
Business Development, Management Documents in Word/Excel
Customers Relationship, and Formats
Administration
2: Fundamental Technical Knowledge
11 MEP Systems Study Materials 11 Folders/Files Rs.1000/ 15USD

3: Understanding Global Warming & Green Building Management

20 Topics Study Materials about 20 Topics Documents & 10 Ready-to-Use

Global Warming and Green Green Building Measures Implementation Rs.1000/ 15USD
Buildings Documents (Word/Excel)
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