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Library

A library in programming is a collection of precompiled code that provides reusable functions, classes, and modules, simplifying the coding process. Python has numerous libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, which are essential for tasks in data manipulation, analysis, and visualization. Machine Learning and Deep Learning also utilize these libraries to perform complex tasks like image recognition and natural language processing.

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Bhargavi
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2 views

Library

A library in programming is a collection of precompiled code that provides reusable functions, classes, and modules, simplifying the coding process. Python has numerous libraries such as NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, which are essential for tasks in data manipulation, analysis, and visualization. Machine Learning and Deep Learning also utilize these libraries to perform complex tasks like image recognition and natural language processing.

Uploaded by

Bhargavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a library?

Normally, a library is a collection of books.


Similarly, in the programming world, a library is a collection of
precompiled codes that can be used later on in a program for
some specific well-defined tasks.
Libraries provide reusable functions, classes, and modules,
reducing the need to write code from scratch.
Python module is a file that contains built-in functions, classes,
and variables. There are many Python modules, each with its
specific work. Example: math, random, time, etc.
Libraries cover a wide range of functionalities, such as data
manipulation, mathematical operations, web development, and
more.

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Python library makes Python Programming simpler and
convenient for the programmer. There are many libraries
available for Python, and like Python itself, a large number of
these libraries are open source, which means they can be
downloaded and used by anyone.
Commonly used Python libraries: NumPy, pandas, Matplotlib,
SciPy, TensorFlow, Scikit-learn, etc.
Python libraries play a very vital role in fields of Machine
Learning, Data Science, Data Visualization, etc.

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NumPy

Numpy is a general-purpose array-processing package used for


multi-dimensional arrays and matrix data structures.
Arrays in Numpy: is a table of elements (usually numbers), all
of the same type, indexed by a tuple of positive integers.
It supports element-wise operations, linear algebra, statistics,
Fourier transforms, and more.
Easily integrates with other libraries like Pandas, SciPy, and
Matplotlib.

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Pandas

The Pandas library is used for data manipulation and analysis.


It consist of data structures like DataFrame and Series, which
are designed for handling and analyzing large datasets.
It’s widely used for data preprocessing like filtering, reshaping,
merging, and aggregation of datasets.

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Matplotlib

Matplotlib is a powerful plotting Python library designed to


visualize data in a variety of formats including line plots, scatter
plots, bar charts, and histograms.
Allows customization of colors, labels, titles, legends, and more.

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SciPy

Scipy library is used for solving mathematical equations and


algorithms.
Allows efficient and easy-to-use functions that help to solve
problems like numerical integration, interpolation, optimization,
linear algebra, and statistics.

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Scikit-learn

Scikit-learn implements a range of machine learning (such as


Classification, Regression, Clustering), pre-processing,
cross-validation, and visualization algorithms.
Regression measures the relationship between the variable and
the values of the other variables.
Classification has multiple classifiers within Scikit-Learn, similar
to regression. Some of these classifiers are linear discrimination
analysis, bagging classifier, and K-nearest neighbors classifiers.
Clustering helps with grouping data that is unlabeled.
Model selection has tools for creating training and testing models
in machine learning.

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AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to something which is made


by humans or non-natural things and intelligence means the
ability to understand or think.
In other words, AI refers to the replication of humans, how it
thinks, works and functions.
Machine Learning (ML) is basically the process which
provides the system(computer) to learn automatically on its own
through experiences it had and improve accordingly without
being explicitly programmed. ML focuses on the development of
programs so that it can access data to use it for itself.
Deep Learning (DL) makes use of Neural Networks (similar to
the neurons working in our brain) to mimic human brain-like
behavior. DL algorithms focus on information processing
patterns mechanism to possibly identify the patterns just like our
human brain does and classifies the information accordingly.

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Machine Learning (ML)
Example:
Image Recognition: Identifying objects, people, or patterns
within images. Used in facial recognition, object detection, and
self-driving cars.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): Understanding and
processing human language. Used in chatbots, sentiment
analysis, and language translation.
Speech Recognition: Converting spoken language into text.
Used in virtual assistants, voice-controlled systems, and
transcription services.
Recommendation Systems: Recommending products, movies,
or content based on user preferences. Used in e-commerce,
streaming platforms, and personalized marketing.
Stock Market Prediction: Forecasting stock prices and
market trends based on historical data.
Personalized News Feeds: Providing users with tailored news
and content based on their interests and reading habits.

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Deep Learning (DL)

Example:
Image Classification: Classifying objects, scenes, or animals in
images. Used in photo organization, automated tagging, and
medical image analysis.
Object Detection: Identifying and locating multiple objects
within an image. Used in autonomous vehicles, surveillance
systems, and video analysis.
Recommendation Systems: Creating personalized
recommendations for users based on their preferences and
behavior.
Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling self-driving cars to navigate
and make decisions based on real-time data using DL models like
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs).

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Classification of Machine Learning

Machine learning can be broadly categorized into three types:


1 Supervised Learning: Trains models on labeled data to
predict or classify new, unseen data.
2 Unsupervised Learning: Finds patterns or groups in
unlabeled data, like clustering or dimensionality reduction.
3 Reinforcement Learning: Learns through trial and error to
maximize rewards, ideal for decision-making tasks.

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Supervised Learning

Supervised learning algorithms are generally categorized into two


main types:
1 Classification - where the goal is to predict discrete labels or
categories.
2 Regression - where the aim is to predict continuous numerical
values.

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Problem definition: Clearly define the objective. Begin by
precisely formulating the problem you intend to solve. Define the
prediction or decision your program needs to make.
Data collection: Collect relevant data that serves as the
foundation for training and testing your model. Data is the key
factor to any machine learning model. Data can come in many
multiple sources.
Data preprocessing: Clean, format, and transform the data to
make it suitable for analysis. Addressing missing values, outliers,
and inconsistencies is crucial to preparing the data for model
training.
Feature engineering: Feature engineering refers to the process
of selecting and transforming variables/features in a dataset
when building a predictive model using ML.
Optimization: Experiment with different settings to improve
accuracy and generalization.
Model deployment: Integrate the well-trained model into
real-world applications.

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Train and test the model

Train: The model learns patterns using a “training dataset,”


adjusting its parameters to make accurate predictions.
Test: The model’s performance is evaluated on a “testing
dataset” to measure how well it generalizes to unseen data,
ensuring it doesn’t just memorize the training data (overfitting).
Validation (optional): An intermediate step involving a
“validation dataset” helps tune model parameters and select the
best model variant.

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Thank You!

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