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Explain the different types of complexities associated with algorithms

The document explains two primary types of complexities associated with algorithms: Time Complexity and Space Complexity. Time Complexity includes categories such as Constant, Logarithmic, Linear, Linearithmic, Quadratic, and Exponential, each with examples illustrating their behavior with input size. Space Complexity similarly categorizes memory usage into Constant, Linear, and Quadratic, emphasizing the importance of understanding these complexities for optimizing algorithm efficiency.

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Soham Ghadge
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3 views2 pages

Explain the different types of complexities associated with algorithms

The document explains two primary types of complexities associated with algorithms: Time Complexity and Space Complexity. Time Complexity includes categories such as Constant, Logarithmic, Linear, Linearithmic, Quadratic, and Exponential, each with examples illustrating their behavior with input size. Space Complexity similarly categorizes memory usage into Constant, Linear, and Quadratic, emphasizing the importance of understanding these complexities for optimizing algorithm efficiency.

Uploaded by

Soham Ghadge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Explain the different types of complexities associated with algorithms.

Provide examples for each.

Ans:- Types of Complexities Associated with Algorithms

When analyzing algorithms, two primary types of complexities are considered: Time
Complexity and Space Complexity. Both are essential for evaluating the efficiency of an
algorithm.

1. Time Complexity

Time complexity measures the amount of time an algorithm takes to complete as a


function of the size of the input data. It is often expressed using Big-O notation, which
describes the upper limit of the running time.

● Constant Time – O(1): The execution time remains constant regardless of


the input size.
○ Example: Accessing an element in an array by index.
● Logarithmic Time – O(log n): The execution time increases logarithmically
as the input size increases.
○ Example: Binary search in a sorted array.
● Linear Time – O(n): The execution time increases linearly with the input size.
○ Example: Finding an element in an unsorted array using a linear search.
● Linearithmic Time – O(n log n): The execution time grows in proportion to
nnn times the logarithm of nnn.
○ Example: Efficient sorting algorithms like Merge Sort and Quick Sort.
● Quadratic Time – O(n²): The execution time grows quadratically as the input
size increases.
○ Example: Bubble Sort or Selection Sort, where every element is
compared with every other element.
● Exponential Time – O(2^n): The execution time
doubles with each additional element in the input
size.
○ Example: Solving the Tower of Hanoi
problem or certain recursive algorithms
that solve combinatorial problems.

2. Space Complexity

Space complexity measures the amount of memory space an


algorithm uses as a function of the size of the input data. Like time
complexity, it is also expressed using Big-O notation.

● Constant Space – O(1): The algorithm requires a


fixed amount of memory space regardless of the
input size.
○ Example: Swapping two numbers using a temporary variable.
● Linear Space – O(n): The space required grows linearly with the
input size.
○ Example: Storing an array of nnn elements.
● Quadratic Space – O(n²): The space required
grows quadratically with the input size.
○ Example: Using a 2D array to represent a matrix of size n×nn \
times nn×n.

Conclusion

Understanding the different types of complexities associated with


algorithms is crucial for selecting the most efficient algorithm for a
given problem. Time complexity helps in
assessing how an algorithm's running time increases with input size, while space
complexity evaluates how memory usage scales. Analyzing both complexities allows developers
to optimize their algorithms for performance and resource management.

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