Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of the research design, research locale, research

Research Design

The descriptive research design was used in the study. Descriptive was

used to describe the effectiveness of 4Ps in academic performance and

attendance rate in LBSF.

The design was appropriate for the topic because in conducting the study, the

research was required the collection of data based on the behavior or attitude of the

participants.

The quantitative approach was also used to quantify data and generalize results

from a sample population of interest. Structured information was formulated through the

questionnaire for analysis and interpretation.

Research Locale

The research was conducted at Lamon Bay School of Fisheries. and the choice

of this locale is driven by specific reasons tailored to the study's objectives. Lamon Bay

School of Fisheries serves as an ideal locale due to its representation of an educational

institution situated in a coastal community, providing an opportunity to examine the

effectiveness of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) within a unique context.

The school's geographic location in a coastal area introduces variables such as socio-

economic factors, accessibility to resources, and community dynamics that can

rates among senior high school students.

Research Population or Sample

The selection of participants for this research focuses on a specific group to gain

insights into their experiences and perspectives. Twenty (20) senior high school

students and their parents, who are beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

Program (4Ps), have been chosen as the research population. The rationale behind this

choice is rooted in the desire to understand the unique challenges, opportunities, and

impacts of the 4Ps program on the educational journey of students and the dynamics

within their families. By targeting senior high school students and their parents, the

research aims to capture a comprehensive picture of the program's influence on

academic pursuits and family dynamics, providing valuable insights for policy

recommendations and program enhancements.

To ensure fair representation and minimize bias in participant selection, a simple

random sampling technique will be employed. This method involves randomly selecting

individuals from the population, giving each member an equal chance of being included

in the study. By using simple random sampling, the research aims to enhance the

generalizability of findings, making the results more applicable to the broader population

of senior high school 4Ps students and their parents. This approach contributes to the

overall robustness and validity of the research outcomes.

Research Instruments
 Researchers-made survey-questionnaire was the main instrument used in this

study. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts. The survey questionnaire employed

in the conduct of the study enables to gather a reliable needed data, the researcher

formulated the questions based on several articles in the related concepts, literatures

and studies that are similar with the present study.

This research instrument for this study consisted of three (4) parts. Part I

included_____________. Part II referred to the _______________. Part III focused on

the ___________________.

For the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, this was pre-tested on five (5)

respondents who were not included in the samples. When a test or measurement is

"validated," it only implies that the researcher has concluded that the tool captures the

data for which it was intended.

The research used a five (5) Likert scale, which required the respondents of the

study to respond to a series of statements in the questionnaire by indicating their

degree of agreement or disagreement. On the other hand, to interpret the

______________________the following scale, range of values, and corresponding

verbal interpretation were used.

Descriptive
Assigned Value Scale Interpretation
5 4.51-5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.51-4.50 Agree
3 2.51-3.50 Moderately Agree
2 1.51-2.50 Disagree
1 1.00-1.50 Strongly Disagree

Data Gathering Procedures

2023-2024, the following procedures will be implemented. First and foremost, consent

will be secured through approved letters from the School Principal, Nanette D. Ramirez.

These letters will clearly outline the purpose of the data collection, the nature of

participation, and the assurance of confidentiality. Respondents will be asked to provide

explicit consent before any data collection activities begin.

The data collection phase will involve the use of standardized tools and methods

relevant to the research objectives. The researcher will administer surveys, interviews,

or other specified instruments to gather information. The focus will be on obtaining

accurate and relevant data in a consistent manner to ensure the reliability of the

findings.

Confidentiality measures will be strictly adhered to throughout the data gathering

process. Personal identifiers will be anonymized, and data will be securely stored with

restricted access to authorized personnel only. This approach aims to safeguard the

privacy of participants and maintain the integrity of the collected information.

The entire data gathering process will be conducted within the specified time

frame of the academic year 2023-2024. A detailed schedule will be developed to

allocate specific periods for each phase, ensuring that the process is completed in a

timely manner.

Statistical Treatment

The collected quantitative data were tabulated, categorized, analyzed, and

interpreted through statistical tables and graphs. The following statistical treatments
were used: percentage, Weighted Arithmetic Mean, and Pearson r Correlation

Coefficient.

To answer problem number 1, Frequency and Percentage Distribution were used

to determine the demographic profile in terms of (ex. Age) __________________.

To answer problems 2 and 3, about the (title)______________respectively, the

weighted mean was applied.

Ethical Considerations

In undertaking this research, several steps have been meticulously implemented

to ensure the ethical conduct of the study. Firstly, the acquisition of consent is

prioritized, facilitated through approved letters from the School Principal, Nanette D.

Ramirez. These letters comprehensively articulate the research's purpose, the nature of

participant involvement, and a commitment to maintaining confidentiality. Prior to any

data collection, explicit consent is sought from respondents, underscoring respect for

their autonomy and informed decision-making.

During the data collection phase, standardized tools and methods directly aligned

with the research objectives are employed. Surveys, interviews, and other specified

instruments are administered by the researcher to gather information, with a central

focus on obtaining accurate and relevant data consistently. This approach ensures the

reliability of the findings and aligns with ethical standards in research practice.

Confidentiality measures are strictly adhered to throughout the data gathering

process. Personal identifiers are anonymized, and data is securely stored with restricted

access limited to authorized personnel. These measures are implemented to safeguard

upholding ethical principles.

Moreover, the entire data gathering process adheres to the predefined time

frame of the academic year 2023-2024. A detailed schedule has been developed,

allocating specific periods for each phase to ensure a timely and efficient process. This

commitment to the designated timeline not only enhances the research's validity but

also minimizes any potential inconvenience to participants.