INDEX

S.No. Name Of the Experiments Page No.

1. To study op-amp as an inverting amplifier 1-2
2. To study op-amp as a non-inve11ing amplifier 3-4
'"I
.) . To study op-amp as a differentiator 5-6

4. To study op-amp as an integrator 7-8

Sa. To study op-amp as low pass filter 9-11

Sb. To study op-amp as high pass filter 9-11

6. To study op-amp as a Schmitt trigger 12

7. To study op-amp as half wave rectifier 13-14

8. To study op-amp as full wave rectifier 15

9. To study op-amp as a comparator 16

10. To study IC 555 as an astable multivibrator 17-18

11. To study IC 555 as monostable multivibrator 19-20

DATA SHEETS:
a. µA 741 Op-Amps IC 1-7
b. LM555/NE555/SA555 Timer IC 1-7
 1-. Xl'tH I\II.N I ., n. I

!\AME 01• EXPER IM ENT : To study OP-A mp as Inverting Amplifier.

APPARATUS: lC 741, connecting wi res, CRO. Dual Power Supply.

DIAGRAM :

RF

-VEE

V1 RL

THEORY:
Figure 1.1 shows the close loop Inverting Amplifier. In this configuration one input is
applied to the inverting terminal of the Op-amp. The non-inverting terminal is grounded. The
close loop voltage gain (Af) of the' inverting amplifier can be written as

Ar Vo/Vin= -RF/R,

Where,

AF : close loop voltage gain

Vo: output voltage
Yin : input voltage
RF: feedback resistance
R; : input resistance
\

t
t
t
PROCEDURE:

I. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Connect dual DC supply to pin no.7 (+VCC) & pin no.4(-VEE).

3. Connect AC input to the Inverting tenninal of OP-amp i.e pin no 2.

4. Connect the output at pin no.6 to CRO & observe the inverted wavefonn.

5. Now vary the frequency and measure the output voltage Vo.
6. Calculate the gain and plot the frequency response on semi-log paper.

OBSERVATION:

Sr. Values of RF& R1 For Frequency (Hz) Calculated Gain Observed

No. RL= IOk (RF/ R1) Gain
(VoNi)(dB)
I. RF= )Ok, IkHz to - IOOkHz
-
R,= lk

RESULT:

PRECAUTIONS:

2
 l':\PERn lr\ I \0. !

NA~IE OF EXPERli'I IENT: To study OP-Amp as Non-inverting Amplifier.

APPAR!\TUS: IC 74 I. connecting wires. CRO. Dual Power supply.

DIAGRAi\ l :
+

Vo

THEORY :
Figure shows the close loop Non-inverting Amplifier one input is appl ied. In this
configuration lo the Non-inverting terminal of the Op-amp .The inverting input
tenninal is grounded. The close ioop voltage gain (Af) ofthe Non-invert ing amplifier
can be written as

Ar VoNin = I+ RF/R1
Where,

Ar : Close ioop Voltage Gain

Vo: Output Voltage
Vin : Input Voltage
Rr : feedback resistance
R, : Input Resistance

I
PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Connect dual DC supply to pin no.7 (+VCC) & pin no.4 (-VEE).
3. Connect AC input to the Non-Inverting terminal of OP-amp i.e pin no 3.
4. Connect the output at pin no.6 to CRO & observe the inverted waveform.
5. Now vary the frequency and measure the output voltage Yo.
6. Calculate the gain and plot the frequency response on semi-log paper.

OBSERVATION :

Sr.no Values of RF & R1 Calculated Gain( I+ RF/R1) Observed Gain

(Vo/Vin)
I. Rr l0k, R1 = lk
2. RF= I00k, R1=47k

RESULT:

PRECAUTION S:

4
 EXPERIME NT NO. J

NAME OF EXPERIM ENT: To study OP-Amp as Differentiator.

OBJ ECTl VE:

(a) To study practical Differentiator
(b) To study frequency response of di ffere ntialor

APPARATUS: IC 74 1 , connecti ng wires, CRO, Dual Power supply

DIAGRAM:

CF

Vin
R3 7 11
+VCC

'
THEORY:
The circuit acts as a differentiator .The RFC I denotes the time constant of the
differentiator. The gain of the Differentiator is given by

I A I = I Vo/Vi I = ZF/Z1
Where,

Zr RF1 11 Xcr
Z1 = R1+Xc1
f The output voltage is Vo = -R,,C 1 *(d Vin/dt)

I The gain ofthe circuit increases with increase in frequency at the rate of 20dB/
decade. This makes the circuit unstable. So a feedback capacitor Cr is connected across Rr.
At high frequencies the feedback capacitor CF limits the gain of the circuit. The i/p signals
will be differentiated properly if the time period 't' of the i/p signal is larger than or equal to
Rr~C1 i.e.1 ~ RrC1

I
r- 5

I
/
PROCEDURE:

1. Connect •.he circuit as shown In figure

(-VEE).
2. Connect Juul DC supply to pin no.7 (+VCC) & pin 110.4
OP-um p i.e pin no 2.
3. Connect AC input to the Inverting terminal of
e the outpu t.
4. Connect the output ot pin 110.6 to CRO & observ
e Vo.
5. Now vary the frequency and mensure the output voltag
6. Calculate the guin and plot the frequency respon se
on semi- log paper.

OBSERVATION:
1/P Volta e 0 /P Volta e Gain (Vo/V i
Sr. No. Fre uenc
1. I0KH 2To 1MHz

Note: RFC 1 ~ I µsec to 0. I 111sec.

logarithmic scale.
Graph should be plotted as Gain (dB) vs. Frequency in

RESULT: Thus IC 741 Op-amp as differentiator is studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

6
 .
1-:Xl'f·JHMJ,,,\ f .\ 0 4

ENT· T0 st udy .,
NAME OF EXJ>ElHM
· • or · Am r, as Integ rat or .

O BJ EC TI VE :
t al Int eg rato r cir cu it
(a ) To s udy pr ac tic of In teg rato r
cy res po ns e
(b ) To s tu dy fre qu en

su pp ly
I• co nn ec tin g wi res , CR O, Du a/ Po we r
AP PA RA TV S: IC 74

Dl AG RA M :

R2

,-vvv-- 1~-n---J
2 C2
----

the integral of
TH EO RY : rat or. Th e ou tp ut is 1/R FCi tim es
an inv ert ing int eg or is giv en by
Th e cir cu it ac ts as th e int eg rat or . Th e ga in of the int eg rat
th e tim e co ns tan t of
inp ut. R, C, de no tes -RF/ R1
l A l = l Vo/ Vi I = e
e of 20 d8/ de ca de . Th
se s wi th inc rea se in fre qu en cy at th e rat co mi ng inf ini te
it de cr ea fro m be
Th e ga in of th e cir cu ga in fo r lo w fre qu en cy an d pr ev en ts it
lim its th e
fe ed ba ck re sis to r RF
qu en cy sig na ls.
fo r ac an d hi gh fre

PROCEDURE:
ur e
1. Co nn ec t th e cir
cu it as sh ow n in fig (-V EE ).
su pp ly to pin no . 7 (+ VC C) & pin no .4
2. Co nn ec t du al DC OP -a mp i.e pin no 2.
in pu t to th e In ve rti ng ter mi na l of
3. Co nn ec t AC e th e ou tpu t.
e ou tp ut at pin no .6 to CR O & ob se rv
4. Co nn ec t th 7
 5. Now vary th e frequency and measure the outpul voltage Vo.
6. Calculate th e gai n and plot the rreq uency response on semi-log paper.

OBSERVATION:

Choose R2=Rr,= I OK & R1= I Kand RF* CF ~ I O µsec.

Sr. No. Fre uenc , 1/P Volta e 0 /P Volta e Gain Vo/Vi

I. 100 1-lzTo I 00Kl-lz

Graph should be plotted as Gain (dB) vs. Frequency in logarithmic sca le.

RESULT: Thus IC 741 Op-amp as Integrator is studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

8
NAl\ lE OF EXPERll\lENT: 1o ~t11d) the 11ppllcntio11 of IC 741 Of'-/\MI' u~ l·iltcr.

OB.JECTl\'E: I) 1o stud) the frcquenc) Response of:

i) First order I ligh Puss Butterworth Filter.
ii) First order Low Poss IJullerworlh Fi lter

2) For the given problem stotcment design First order I ligh Poss ond Low Pass
Butterworth filter ond Determine:
a) A r
b) Lo\\ cut-ofTFrequency nnd High Cut off frequency
c) UGB
d) Drow the frequency Response & Indicate the slope of the curve in Stop Band

APPARATUS: IC 74 1 . connecting wires, CRO, Dual Power supply

DI AG RAM:
..
P1 1
,..
RI
,.,~

I Is.
R V1 '
V-v\--I
+ Vm

r
'\i 'C

J
First order Butterworth filt ers

T!IEORY:
An electric Filter is often a frequency selective circuit that passes a specified bond of
frequencies & blocks or attenuates signals of frequeiicies outside th is band. Depending upon
the type of element used in their construction , fil ters may be classified as:
Passive Filter: Elements used are resistor.capacitors & inductors
• Active Filter: Employ transistor or op-amps in addition to passive elements.

The type of elements connected dictates the operatirg frequency range or fi lters.
First order Buttcrworl'h filters
Low Pass Filter: A low Pass filter has o constant gain from OHz to High cut-off
frequency(fH), At fi◄, the gain is down by 3dB & at input frequency above fH the gain
9
decreases nt the rate 20 dB /Jccadc 111 the stop-band. The frequencies hetwecn 01lz & r,, are
cnlled Poss-band frequencies & the frequencies beyond f11 called stop-band frequencies.

Vo/Vin = Ar- / l+j (f/ f11)

Where,
Vo/Vin is the gai n of filler as a functi on of frequency.
Ar- = 1+ Rr / R, = Pass-band gai n of filler.
f is frequency of input signal
f1-1 = I I (27[RC) = High cut-off frequency of the filter.
Al .f=f,i , Vo/Vi = 0.707 Ar

High Pass filter : This is obtai ned by interchanging the frequency determining resistors &
capacitors in the Low Pass filter. For the High Pass filter, Pass band is f > fL& Stop band is
0< f < fL & the gain increases at the rate of20 dB/decade in the stop band.

Yo = Ar {j(f/fJ
Vi I+j (fL/f)

Where Yo /V i is the gain of filter as the fun ction of frequency.

Ar= I + Rr-/R1 = Pass-band gain filter.

f is the frequency of the input signal.

fL= I /(27[RC) = Low cut-off frequency of the filter.

At f= f1_ , Yo/Vi= 0.707Ar

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Connect dual DC supply to pin no.7 (+VCC) & pin no.4 (-VEE).
3. Connect AC input to the Non-Inverting terminal of OP-amp i.e pin no 3. \
4. Connect the output at pin no.6 to CRO & observe the output.
S. Now vary the frequency and measure the output voltage Vo.
6. Calculate the gain and plot the frequency response on semi-log paper.

First order low Pass Filter

OBSERVATION:

Sr. No. F (Hz) Vo (Volts) Vo/Vi 20 log (Vo/Vi)

dB

10
 First. order lllgh Pass Filter

OBSERVATIO N:

Sr. No. F (Hz) Yo (Volls) Vo/Vi 20 log (Vo/Vi)

dB

RESULT: Thus IC 74 I Op-amp as Fi llers is studied

PRECAUTIONS:

11
 l~XPER IMENT '.\10. 6

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT: To study IC 741 OP-amp as Schmitt trigger.

APPARATUS: IC 74 1. connectin g wires, CRO, Dual Power supply

DIAGRAM:
RF

>-..---- .q VO

THEORY:
A Schmitt trigger comparator converts an irregular shaped waveform to a square
waveform or pulse. The i/p voltage Vi trigger the o/p Vo every time it exceeds certain
voltage level called upper threshold voltage (Vut) in the +ve half cycle, given by
Vut = R1/ (R1+R2) * (Vsat)

& lower threshold voltage (V 11) in the -ve i/p cycle given by
Y11 = R1/(R1+R2) * (- Vsat)

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Connect dual DC supply to pin no.7 (+YCC) & pin no.4 (-VEE).
3. Connect AC input to the· Inverting terminal of OP-amp i.e pin no 2 .
4. Connect the output at pin no.6 to CRO & observe the output.
5. Plot the hysteresis curve on graph paper.

OBSERV AUON:

I-Vsat
Vi =
= ·

RESULT: Thus IC 741 OP-amp as Schmitt trigger is stud.ied.

PRECAUTIONS:
12
'\ \\ff nr 'Hf r \.\T~\ \ ff '\ , ~ h, ---.,i..~ '"' h.' ~~, ,,1,. \ 4" 1' ~' U.t11 \\ Avt
R~, -,11\ .'t

'
'i ~
t ~;\.~
,.::-r

1U£0RY:
The maj<)f limi~noo uf,ocJi,'3ty Sl Jk~ is t~l the~ ~~m~~ "-'.'tit~ , ,,It¾-~
be)()\\0.6V. A predsioo re..."lil1ef is~ N"« dt-tllil ~'\l,~bk \)f "-.'-.."\ti~ ii~ i l' ¾il-,1 ,,f
t'e\\ mV. H:tlfo--:1,~ ~riiier cir.:-uits tr~n:smit 'l'l'lll~ ~ ~If~f ~ ~-~• & climin."tt(: ,~
othcr b~· lx."lln<ling ~ o 'p to irero VultS.. ~ i p ~If~~~ lMl is m\nsmit~'\.l ..'\\n ~
dthcr im~o:i ur non-inverteJ. The d-l :sM\\ll ::,.txwe is ~n in,ffli,~ ~mflil"-.'f \\h..._--h
is con,'eltoo into a H\\'R by ~Mi~'"~ di~:s..

\\'hen Vi is +,-eJi~dl (\)00\tctSC::\U'Slllg lhe ~\UJ)\)\)WI~~ \ \,, t~ ~

~ri,-e t:,~ one diode Jr()J) (~JSV)-This t(_'\t\.~ Jlo<k l):! k~ R.l~, \:'\) : 0 sin~.~ i p
current fl\)\\ s throogh OL

Neg3.ri,-e Vi f ~ ~ ~mp , \)lt~--e \',oil\)~, pus.ith~ l'hi:s c~m~~ ~ ~

oonduct. The d1. then 3Cl$ like ~m im~ & \1\) : Vi_ ~,ow Ji~~ OI is fU.) sh~~ tht
(-) input is :at goo potentfaL

PROCEDCRE:
l. Connee1 the circuit :as sho,,n in figure
2. Connca dual DC supply to pin oo. 7 (+VCC') & pin '"·' ,I (-\ TE)-
3. Connca AC input to the lm~ing tenuil~I ,of0P'1ml' Le pin,~,:!.
4. C.onnca the output 3t pin no.6 h.) CRO & t~--en ~ the r\.~tifo.'\1 t'\lll-'\ll,

B
OBS ER\ ....\TIO~:

\ 'i = ~\" (-)for,,. halfcyde \'o =?

2r,J h:ilfc~de Vo =?

REst·L T : Thus IC74 I op-amp as Rectifier is studied.

PRECAlalO~S:

14
 I•, \ 1'11(1~11' ~ I ~CJ, ,,

NA~ rn Ol 1 '11111' 10, 111,,10~111:N'l'I 111 ~11111)' 11111I( ' '/111111 1 t\111p II ~ l1111 W11 v11
l(111•1llh•1',

1\1 11'1\IU 'l l ikl II /•I I, 1•11111111,•IIIIUl\'li t111, t ltt ), 1)11111 1'11w111 ~11pply

111 1\ClllA~II

'~!A
I◄
1111,11
,w,..
_j t I~

I◄
VIII

(,, ,')'

l
'l'lll,:OIW 1
Ahnv~• ( 'l1l 1!11 l,i 11 uo111hl111111011 Ill' 11111I'•Wnv~ l(u~IIIler r11HI S111n111 l11u A111pll llcr,
1

'I hi~ wlll ftlvl.l l 11ll•W11vu lt111.: 1llhld 0111p111 lill' Slnil W11vi: ~lwrn l 111 1lw l11p111. AllRol111c v11h10
1

111' 111~1~ll:!11111111 11h111l11~d hy rn111hl11l11µ NIWHII II N1,llf'wl1h IIMlnvul'tctl 111111' W11vu l(l!i;lllh:d
Vl,1'Hl1111, 1>11rl11µ 111.1~111lv~ lrn ll' C-'yi.:lu nl'l11p111 1) 1c111Hl11c111 nml 1'2 IHr~vel'Hil hll1~u1l.l>111'111~
po11lllv1J h11ll' cyclt.1 ol'l11p111 In crn11l11c1Rnnd DI IH1•1,Mll'HU hl11Nucl.

l'IW( 'li:l>I/Ul1:1
I. ro11t11.1u111!~• i.:lrc11l1 11r1 t1 how11 111 llµ11ru
2, ('01111ccl dtlltl m· Htipply In pin llll,7 (-1 VC 'C') ,t pin 110/ I (•Vnl!),
J, ('111111~u1A< ' l11p11I 10 11111 l11v111·1l11~ 1ur111ln11 I ol'Ol'-11111p Lu pin 110 2,
11, ('011m1ul Ille Olllplll 111 pin 110,(1 ltl ' 'IH) tl4 ob~t.:l'Vl1 11111 l'UUll/11.:d Olllpul.

011s1mVATION1
VI - 2V (· ) 1\il' 1•1 hull' uyi.:lt.: Vo =?
~1111 h11ll'uyclt: Vo "" r1

JUt.Htll.T 1'l'hu11 IC '741 op-111111, 11 H l(l.lclllll.ll' IRRlullll.:d.

l'IUf.{'AlJ'J'IONS1

rn
 EXl'f•:IH MEN'f NO. lJ
alor.
NAME OF TIIE EX PERIM ENT: To study the IC 74 1 OJ>-omr as r osi live c ~
---· -
APPAR ATUS: IC 74 1, co1111ccling wires, CRO, Dual Power surply

DIAGRAM :

10k.Q
r
~ - - - - - - ' \ J r v\J- - - - - - i ~ ~

10k0
12
- ,4 Vo

,
(

LI
, -=-5 V ~,N

~~
THEORY:
A comparator compares a signal voltage on one i/p of an op-amp with a
known
tor may be
vo ltage called the reference voltage on the other i/p. The o/p of the simple compara
positive or negative saturation voltage depending upon which i/p is larger.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure
2. Connect dual DC supply to pin no.7 (+VCC) & pin no.4 (-VEE).
3. Connec t AC input to the Invertin g terminal of OP-amp i.e pin no 2.
4. Connect reference voltage of +2V al noninverting terminal.
5. Connect the output at pin no.6 to CRO & observe the out put
6. Plot the i/p and o/p on graph paper.

OBSERVATION:

IVo= IVsat =

RESULT: Thus IC 741 OP-amp as positive comparator is studied.

PRECAUTIONS:

16
 f \f'I IH\tf ' f " '· 1r,

e mul11\ib1.1wr.
:\ -\~1F. OF T H f. [Xl'U O\IL 'T: fo \tud~ IC H5 a~ l\s12h!

suppl} .
APPA RAl l"S: IC. ~55. connc('.ling "ir~ {RO. Dual P,,v,e:

DIAG R,\ .\ I :

V c..e-.,....

~-- >
I
-$
0:; 1.0
1.
'I ~

>

! Hf , • ~n - I ~~~ OQ~

L_J ~J~
r. -,
~
0 Ill
* o 01 I I

THEO R Y :

te time delay or
The 555 time r is a highly stable device for genera ting accura
in the range of +5V to 18V & can drive
Oscill atio n. It can be used w ith s upply voltag e
ured for astabl e operat ion.. Astab le
load upto 200mA . Above figure shows 555 config
e the state of the o/p. The Lime during
multivibrato r does not requir e e:Ktem al trigger to chang
which Lhe o/p is high is given by

Tc= 0.69(RA+Ra) C

& the time during which Lhe o/p is low is given by

Td = 0.69RaC

Thus ,he total period of the o/ p wavef orm is given by

T = tc + td = 0.69(R A+2 Ra)C

% d uty cycle = tcff* I 00

17
Pl~OCIW U HE:

I . Co1111cc1the circ uit us shown In ligure

2. Co1111cct VCC to pin 110.8 & 4.
the output.
3. Co11 11(.)ct CRO at pin no.3 u11d obs(.)rve
tor is studied.
trnS ULT : Thu s IC 555 ns Astuble multl vibra

PRECAUTIONS:

18
 Experiment No: - 10

Aim: - To study IC 555 as Monostable Multlvlbrator.

Apparatus and Components: -, DC power supply, CRO, Multimeter, Breadboard

and connecting wires, IC 555, Resistors, and Capacitors.

Functional and Circuit diagrams:-

R ◄
t-t----R c $et
Threshold --'-_,,r-___._-t
Conlrol _ _s _ - i - - - t

Triggor ----i----i2

R
Otscharga --+--......_--.

Inverter Oulput

Ground Functional diagram IC 555Timer

: : . ·:::::.::: ·::::::: : ::::::::::. ·:::: : :::::.:: ...... _ ·v1 ::::::::::::. : ·:::::. ·:::
: : : : : : : ·::: :: :::::::::: : ::::: : :::::::::::::.::: · · · · · · -=-12V · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
:. : : . : : : : . . : : : :RJ : :: :: :: : : : : :: : : : . :: : : ....... . . :: : : . : :T : : : : : .. : : : . : : : : : : : : : : : : :: : .

.•••••••••••• :m •••••••••. ~ • •••••.••••• J~•.. j •• A1 •••••• Lf~ ••• ~ · • • . .

: >::::: :::::: :..:::. ::.::::: :::::::•:: .. , --
.
.. . . . . . . .. .. . . .
.....
-
~,.; :::::
.
:::: :: ~~~::: :::::
.. .
. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.
...
.. .. .. .. . ..
.. .. ... .
.
.. ..
"-tA-F-"f-0-r-----<

.
' ..
. .. . .. .. . .. .. , .. . ~--<cic." ·' . . . . ... ' .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. ... . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~.:\(I~!'}~!- : : : . : : : : : . . . . . . . . ....

: : : : : : . : : . : :51:: : : : : : : : : : :
. ..
:; : : :: . : :~:~ ~ ~ ::: • '] :: 'F. : ·
: :~~~: . : ... :
·G1· : · : : : . : :: :: . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
: : : :
. :::: : ·:: : ·
: :: .

. . .... . ... .. . . ............ ' . . .... . . . . . ... .. ... . .

. . . . . . . ' .. ... . ......... ' ................. . ....... .
...... . .. ..... ... .. .. .... .. .. · - I ........... ..... . ........ ...
..• • • • ' : : : : : : : : : : : . : : : : : • : : : : : : : ~ : : : : : :
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : • : • : : : : : : : ; : : : : :
. ..... ... . ..... ..... ' . . .. '
A •
.... ... ..... ... ..... . ' .. ...... .... .
. . .... .
... .. ... ..
.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . '. '. ''.' .. . ... ' ' ... ' . . . . . . . . . ... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . '. ''' .. .. ' ..... ' '.
 -
-1
•

f.XPERli\lf.~T '10. I I

:'I·. \~\\;: OF THE EXPERll\lENT: To Studv• IC .,) ~

, _5 as hi\onostablc multivibrntor.

\C 555. connectin2.~ wires• CRO, DLltl I owcr supply

11
• , ,.\\lXrtlS:
•
\\ 1
nt.-\ GHAN1:

+Voe '- RA
Reset
u 4

\ 4....J-
trigger
in1mt -)--
2 555
... C

5G
0 3
E I
O\\t}>Ut C1 1 \.7 '11D

I-
o.01 µF

I
THEORY: The 555 timer is n highly stable device for gcnernting nccu11\te time delt,~
I I
i
oscillation. \t can he used with Supply voltage in the rnngc of +5V to I SY t• can , . ,ve I I
load upto 200 mA. Above figure shows 555 configured for monostable opcrntion.

A monostable multivibrntor, often called n one-shot multivibrntor is n pulse

I
generating ckl in which the dumtion or 1he pulse is detennh>ed by the RC nlw
connected externally 10 the 555 timer. lt1 • stnble or ,1nnd - by s1nte 1he olp or the ckt
is approx. Zero or al logic - \ow \eve\. When an external trigger pulse is npplied, 1he
o/p is forced to go high (=VCC). The time the end or the timing interval, 1he olp Slays
low :.mtil the trigger reverts bnck to its logic-lo"' stnb\e stnte. The output stnys \ow
until the trigger p\llse is ap1>led, nnd then the cycle repents.
The time durl!l& which lhe o/p remains high is given by

19
 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -----------•-a--•,-.,,

Theory:•

IC sss ls{\ hlshly stnblo rlevlco for HtllHlrllt

lnK nr.curn lo lllllO dulny~ or mr.lll,111011'1,
It cnn be used with supply voltnHO In tho rnnH
O of •1·5V lo +l.8 V trnd cnn clrlvo lo,,<1
I up to 200mA. Fl13ure l obovo show l11tornnl
funcllonnl dlnwnin or IC5!3 oncl f'lfl,uro
/ 2 shows 555 conflsurod for Monostnblo
opornUon. Monor. tnbl o m11l1·lvlbrnlor
/ often called a one shot multlvlbrotor
ls o pulso ROnorntlnB circuit, Durnllon of
pulse ls determined by R-C network connoc
locl extorno lly to tho IC 555, In stnndby
I state/stable state, tho output of tho circ
uit Is ot zero or losl c low lovol. Wh o11
I external triggered Is oppllod, output Is forced to so
hlBh (+Vee) ond l'lmlne cyclo
now begins. After tln1e period T m,so =
1 1.1 RA C , output returns to stonc.lby
state (zero potential or logi c low level) ond
It stoys low until now trigger pulse Ir.
applied .

Procedure:-

!. Connect the circuit as shown In Fig, abo

ve.
2. Connect DC supply (+S Volts) to pin no.
8(+Vcd and pin no. 4 (Reset) ,
3. Connect function generator to pin no.2
.
4. Connect output at pin no. 3 to CRO and
observe the waveform.

Observations: •

Observe output (V00 t) waveform on CRO

and plot It on graph paper. Flnd time
period of output pulse and compare It with
calculated ones.
Result:-

Precautions:-