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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 08: Arrays

True / False

1. You can declare an array variable by placing curly brackets after the array name.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 394

2. When an application contains an array and you want to use every element of the array in some task, it is common to
perform loops that vary the loop control variable from 0 to one less than the size of the array.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 402

3. When you want to determine whether a variable holds one of many valid values, one option is to use a do…while loop
to compare the variable to a series of valid values.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 414

4. When using parallel arrays, if one array has many possible matches, it is most efficient to place the less common items
first so that they are matched right away.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 417

5. Many programmers feel that breaking out of a for loop early disrupts the loop flow and makes the code harder to
understand.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 418

6. To initialize an array, you use an initialization list of values separated by commas and enclosed within curly braces.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
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Chapter 08: Arrays

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

7. When you create an array variable, memory space is automatically reserved.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

8. When array elements are passed by value, a copy of the value is made and used within the receiving method.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 423-424

9. Since an array name is a reference, you are able to use the = operator for assigning and the == operator for
comparisons.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 424

10. When returning an array reference, square brackets are included with the return type in the method header.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 426

Multiple Choice

11. After you create an array variable, you still need to ____ memory space.
a. create b. organize
c. reserve d. dump
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

12. When you declare or access an array, you can use any expression to represent the size, as long as the expression is
_____.
a. a variable b. enclosed in brackets

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Chapter 08: Arrays

c. an integer d. a list
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 396

13. Languages such as Visual Basic, BASIC, and COBOL use ____ to refer to individual array elements.
a. ( ) b. [ ]
c. { } d. < >
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

14. A(n) ____ is an integer contained within square brackets that indicates one of an array’s variables.
a. postscript b. subscript
c. variable header d. indicator
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

15. When you declare an array name, no computer memory address is assigned to it. Instead, the array variable name has
the special value ____, or Unicode value ‘\u0000’.
a. empty b. null
c. false d. zero
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

16. In Java, boolean array elements automatically are assigned the value ____.
a. null b. ‘\u0000’
c. true d. false
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

17. When you create an array of objects, each reference is assigned the value ____.
a. null b. ‘\u0000’
c. true d. false
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

18. You use a ____ following the closing brace of an array initialization list.
a. . b. ;
c. : d. ,
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Chapter 08: Arrays

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

19. Providing values for all the elements in an array is called ____ the array.
a. populating b. declaring
c. filling d. irrigating
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

20. When any ____ type (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, or double) is passed to a method, the
value is passed.
a. array b. dummy
c. element d. primitive
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 424

21. The length ____ contains the number of elements in the array.
a. box b. field
c. area d. block
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 403

22. A(n) ____ loop allows you to cycle through an array without specifying the starting and ending points for the loop
control variable.
a. do…while b. inner
c. enhanced for d. enhanced while
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 403

23. If a class has only a default constructor, you must call the constructor using the keyword ____ for each declared array
element.
a. default b. new
c. first d. object
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 408

24. Comparing a variable to a list of values in an array is a process called ____ an array.
a. validating b. using
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c. checking d. searching
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 415

25. A ____ array is one with the same number of elements as another, and for which the values in corresponding elements
are related.
a. cloned b. parallel
c. property d. two-dimensional
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 415

26. When you initialize parallel arrays, it is convenient to use ____ so that the values that correspond to each other
visually align on the screen or printed page.
a. tabs b. indentation
c. spacing d. dashes
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 417

27. When you perform a ____, you compare a value to the endpoints of numerical ranges to find the category in which a
value belongs.
a. range match b. sort
c. reference d. search
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 419

28. It is a good programming practice to ensure that a subscript to an array does not fall below zero, causing a(n) ____.
a. array dump b. runtime error
c. conundrum d. compiling error
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 420

29. Individual array elements are ____ by value when a copy of the value is made and used within the receiving method.
a. sorted b. passed
c. received d. stored
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 423-426

30. When any primitive type variable is passed to a method, the _____ is passed.

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Chapter 08: Arrays

a. value b. reference
c. location d. memory
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 424

31. When a method returns an array reference, you include ____ with the return type in the method header.
a. { } b. ( )
c. < > d. [ ]
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 426

32. Which of the following println statements will display the last myScores element in an array of 10?
a. System.out.println(vals[0]); b. System.out.println(vals[1]);
c. System.out.println(vals[9]); d. System.out.println(vals[10]);
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 396-397

33. Which of the following statements correctly declares and creates an array to hold five double scores values?
a. integer[] scores = new double[5] b. double[] scores = new integer[5]
c. double[] = new scores[5] d. double[] scores = new double[5]
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 397

34. Which of the following statements correctly initializes an array with an initialization list?
a. int[] nums = {2, 4, 8}; b. int[] nums = (2, 4, 8);
c. int nums = [2, 4, 8]; d. int nums() = int{2, 4, 8}
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

35. In which of the following statements is the value of myVals null?

a. int myVals = "" b. int [] myVals;
c. myVals = int[null] d. int[null] = myVals
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

Completion

36. A(n) ____________________ is a named list of data items that all have the same type.
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Chapter 08: Arrays

ANSWER: array
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 394

37. When you declare or access an array, you can use any expression to represent the size, as long as the expression is a(n)
____________________.
ANSWER: integer
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 396

38. When you declare int[] someNums = new int[10];, each element of someNums has a value of
____________________ because someNums is an integer array.
ANSWER: 0
zero
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

39. An instance variable or object field is also called a(n) ____________________ of the object.
ANSWER: property
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 403

40. When any primitive type is passed to a method, the ____________________ is passed.
ANSWER: value
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 424

Matching

Match each term with the correct statement below.

a. array variable
b. reference type
c. elements
d. int
e. Java object names
f. length
g. foreach loop
h. reference types
i. return
REFERENCES: 394
424
395
399
399
403
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Chapter 08: Arrays

404
399
426

41. Numbered beginning with 0

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

42. An array field

ANSWER: f
POINTS: 1

43. An enhanced for loop

ANSWER: g
POINTS: 1

44. Declared in the same way you declare any simple variable
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1

45. A nonprimitive object

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

46. A primitive type

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

47. Represent computer memory addresses

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1

48. A statement used to return an array from a method

ANSWER: i
POINTS: 1

49. Hold memory addresses where values are stored

ANSWER: h
POINTS: 1

Subjective Short Answer

50. Describe a situation in which storing just one value at a time in memory does not meet your needs.
ANSWER: At times you might encounter situations in which storing just one value at a time in memory does not
meet your needs. For example, a sales manager who supervises 20 employees might want to determine
whether each employee has produced sales above or below the average amount. When you enter the first
employee’s sales value into an application, you can’t determine whether it is above or below average
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Chapter 08: Arrays

because you don’t know the average until you have all 20 values. Unfortunately, if you attempt to assign
20 sales values to the same variable, when you assign the value for the second employee, it replaces the
value for the first employee.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 394

51. What is a subscript and how are the array’s elements numbered?
ANSWER: A subscript is an integer contained within square brackets that indicates one of an array’s variables, or
elements. In Java, any array’s elements are numbered beginning with 0, so you can legally use any
subscript from 0 to 19 when working with an array that has 20 elements.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

52. What does an array’s name represent and what value does it hold when declared?
ANSWER: Array names contain references, as do all Java object names. When you declare an array name using
only a data type, brackets, and a name, no memory address is assigned to it. Instead, the array variable
name has the special value null. When you declare int[] someNums;, the variable
name someNums has a value of null.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

53. When working with arrays, why is it beneficial to use a loop with a declared constant equal to the size of the array?
ANSWER: It is convenient to declare a named constant equal to the size of the array and use it as a limiting value in
every loop that processes the array. That way, if the array size changes in the future, you need to
modify only the value stored in the named, symbolic constant, and you do not need to search for
and modify the limiting value in every loop that processes the array.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 403

54. When using an array with all elements used, why would a programmer use a loop control variable from 0 to one less
than the size of the array? Give an example.
ANSWER: When an application contains an array and you want to use every element of the array in some task, it is
common to perform loops that vary the loop control variable from 0 to one less than the size of the array.
For example, if you get input values for the elements in the array, alter every value in the array, sum all
the values in the array, or display every element in the array, you need to perform a loop that executes
the same number of times as there are elements.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 402

55. How would you use a method that belongs to an object that is part of the array? Use an example and demonstrate with
Java code.
ANSWER: To use a method that belongs to an object that is part of an array, you insert the appropriate subscript
notation after the array name and before the dot that precedes the method name. For example, to display
data for seven Employees stored in the emps array, you can write the following:

for(int x = 0; x < emps.length; ++x)

System.out.println (emps[x].getEmpNum() + " "
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+ emps[x].getSalary());
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 408

56. Why would you use spacing when initializing parallel arrays?
ANSWER: When you initialize parallel arrays, it is convenient to use spacing so that the values that correspond to
each other visually align on the screen or printed page.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 417

57. How would a programmer perform a range match when writing an application that takes into consideration different
discount rates for customers? Give an example.
ANSWER: Create two corresponding arrays and perform a range match, in which you compare a value to the
endpoints of numerical ranges to find the category in which a value belongs. For example, one array can
hold the five discount rates, and the other array can hold five discount range limits. If you only use the
first figure in each range, you can create an array that holds five low limits:

int[] discountRangeLimit= {1, 13, 50, 100, 200};

A parallel array can hold the five discount rates:

double[] discountRate = {0, 0.10, 0.14, 0.18, 0.20};

Then, starting at the last discountRangeLimit array element, for any numOfItems greater than or
equal to discountRangeLimit[4], the appropriate discount is discount[4]. In other words, for
any numOrdered less than discountRangeLimit[4], you should decrement the subscript and
look in a lower range.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 419

58. What is different about passing an array to a method rather than passing a primitive type to a method?
ANSWER: Because an array name is a reference, you cannot assign another array to it using the = operator, nor can
you compare two arrays using the == operator. Additionally, when you pass an array (that is, pass its
name) to a method, the receiving method gets a copy of the array’s actual memory address. This means
that the receiving method has access to, and the ability to alter, the original values in the array elements
in the calling method.With a primitive, the method gets a copy of the variable's value, not the address of
the value, so the original value cannot be altered by the method.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 424

59. How can you use the enhanced for loop?

ANSWER: You can use the enhanced for loop to cycle through an array of objects. For example, to display data
for seven Employees stored in the emps array, you can write the following:
for(Employee worker : emps)
System.out.println(worker.getEmpNum() + " " + worker.getSalary();

In this loop, worker is a local variable that represents each element of emps in turn. Using the

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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 08: Arrays

enhanced for loop eliminates the need to use a limiting value for the loop and eliminates the need for a
subscript following each element.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 408

60. When populating an array with an initialization list, you do not need to use the new keyword or provide an array size.
Explain why this is the case.
ANSWER: When you populate an array upon creation by providing an initialization list, you do not
give the array a size because the size is assigned based on the number of values you place in the
initializing list. Also, when you initialize an array, you do not need to use the keyword new. New
memory is assigned based on the length of the list of provided values.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

61. Why is the length field a good option when writing a loop that manipulates an array? What programming error is
common when attempting to use length as an array method?
ANSWER: The length field contains the number of elements in the array. If you modify the size of the array and
recompile the program, the value in the length field of the array changes appropriately. When you
work with array elements, it is always better to use a named constant or the length field when writing
a loop that manipulates an array.
A frequent programmer error is to attempt to use length as an array method, referring
to xxx.length(). However, length is not an array method; it is a field. An instance variable or
object field such as length is also called a property of the object.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 403

62. While you can provide any legal identifier you want for an array, conventional rules are typically followed. List and
describe the naming conventions for naming arrays.
ANSWER: Java programmers conventionally name arrays by following the same rules they use for variables:
Array names start with a lowercase letter.
Use uppercase letters to begin subsequent words.
Additionally, many programmers observe one of the following conventions to make it
more obvious that the name represents a group of items:
Arrays are often named using a plural noun such as salesFigures.
Arrays are often named by adding a final word that implies a group, such as salesList.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 394-395

63. int[] multsOfTen = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60};

The above code creates an array named multsOfTen. Describe how array sizes are determined when using an
initialization list and how memory is assigned.
ANSWER: When you populate an array upon creation by providing an initialization list, you do not give the array a
size—the size is assigned based on the number of values you place in the initializing list. For example,
the multsOfTen array just defined has a size of 6. Also, when you initialize an array, you do not need
to use the keyword new; instead, new memory is assigned based on the length of the list of provided
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values.
In Java, you cannot directly initialize part of an array. For example, you cannot create an array of 10
elements and initialize only five; you either must initialize every element or none of them.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

64. The following statement declares an array:

int[] scoreArray = {2, 14, 35, 67, 85};
final int INCREASE = 3;

Create a loop that will add INCREASE to every array element. Use the length field in the loop that will contain the
number of elements in the array.
ANSWER: for(sub = 0; sub < scoreArray.length; ++sub)
scoreArray[sub] += INCREASE;

POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 403

65. public class CostArray

{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double[] costs = new double[3];
costs[0] = 5.00;
costs[1] = 7.00;
costs[2] = 9.00;
System.out.println(costs[3]);
}
}

Once the above code is compiled and executed, an error message is generated. Explain the error message that will result
and explain the reason for the error.
ANSWER: An out-of-bounds error is generated when the code is compiled and executed. The last executable line in
the code is an output statement that attempts to display a costs value using a subscript that is beyond
the range of the array: System.out.println(costs[3]). The program will run successfully
when the subscript used with the array is 0, 1, or 2. However, when the subscript reaches 3, the
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException error is generated. The message indicates that the subscript
is out of bounds and that the offending index is 3.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 399

66. String[] countyNames = {"Clark", "Delaware", "Madison"};

Using the above statement, what will be the value of countyNames[0], countyNames[1], and
countyNames[2]?
ANSWER: countyNames[0] will hold the value “Clark”
countyNames[1] will hold the value “Delaware”
countyNames[2] will hold the value “Madison”
POINTS: 1
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Chapter 08: Arrays

REFERENCES: 408-409

67. Write the statement to create an array named studentScores that will store five integer value student scores.
Initialize the array using an initialization list with the values 70, 85, 92, 67, and 76.
ANSWER: int[] studentScores = {70, 85, 92, 67, 76};
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 400

68. Using just one statement, declare and create an array that will reserve memory locations for 10 scores values that
are type double.
ANSWER: double[] scores = new double[10];
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

69. Write the statement to declare an array of integers that will hold studentScores.
ANSWER: int[] studentScores;
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 394

70. double[] studentScores;

double studentScores[];

Are both of the above statements valid for declaring an array variable? Why or why not?
ANSWER: You declare an array variable in the same way you declare any simple variable, but you insert a pair of
square brackets after the type. To declare an array of double values to hold studentScores, you can
write the following:
double[] studentScores;

In Java, you can also declare an array variable by placing the square brackets after the array name, as in
double studentScores[];. This format is familiar to C and C++ programmers, but the preferred
format among Java programmers is to place the brackets following the variable type and before the
variable name.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 394

71. String[] countyNames = {"Clark", "Delaware", "Madison"};

What will be the value of countyNames[0].length(), countyNames[1].length(), and

countyNames[2].length()?
ANSWER: countyNames[0].length() will have a value of 5
countyNames[1].length() will have a value of 8
countyNames[2].length() will have a value of 7
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 409

72. public static int[] sampleArray()

{
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Chapter 08: Arrays

int studentScores = {72, 91, 83};
____
}

Using the above code, write the statement that will return the array name.
ANSWER: return studentScores;
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 426

73. Write the statement to declare an array variable named studentScores with type double. Write a second
statement to create an array of 10 objects of type double.
ANSWER: double[] studentScores;
studentScores = new double [10];
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 395

74. double[] studentScores = new double[3];

studentScores[0] = 93;
studentScores[1] = 77;
studentScores[2] = 85;

Write a println statement to display the last element of the studentScores array.
ANSWER: System.out.println(studentScores[2]);
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 396

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14

Other documents randomly have
different content
Topelius (Zachris), ‘De modo matrimonia jungendi apud Fennos
quondam vigente.’ Helsingfors, 1847.
Topinard (Paul), ‘Anthropology.’ Trans. London, 1878.
‘Transactions of the American Ethnological Society.’ New York.
—— of the Asiatic Society of Japan.’ Yokohama.
—— of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.’ Hongkong.
—— of the Ethnological Society of London.’ New series. London.
—— of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.’
London.
—— of the International Folk-Lore Congress, 1891.‘ London, 1892.
Tschudi (J. J. von), ‘Reisen durch Südamerika.’ 5 vols. Leipzig, 1866-
69.
Tuckey (J. K.), ‘Narrative of an Expedition to Explore the River Zaire.’
London, 1818.
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 INDEX
A
Abercromby, Mr. John, on marriage with capture, p. 388.
Abipones, marriage not complete till the birth of a child among
the, p. 22;
chastity of women among the, p. 66;
rank hereditary in the male line among the, p. 99;
tattooing of young people among the, p. 177;
their custom of plucking out the eyebrows, p. 182;
women’s power of choice among the, p. 216 n.9;
horror of consanguineous marriage among the, p. 299;
infanticide among the, p. 312;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 393 n. 2;
polygyny exceptional among the, p. 441 n. 4;
divorce among the, p. 530 n. 3.
Abors, female dress among the, p. 197 n. 8;
liberty of choice among the, p. 219 n. 8;
endogamy of the, p. 366;
monogamous as a rule, p. 439 n. 11.
See Pádams.
——, Sissee, polyandry among the, p. 452;
polygyny among the, p. 455.
Abyssinians, their punishment for adultery, p. 122 n. 8;
marry early, p. 138;
tattooing of women among the, p. 169;
circumcision among the, pp. 202, 203, 206 n. 1;
ceremony of capture among the, p. 384;
marriage portion among the, p. 414 n. 4;
female jealousy among the, p. 499;
divorce among the, p. 520.
Acawoios, monogamous, p. 435 n. 11.
Acclimatization, pp. 268-270.
Accra, kinship through males at, p. 102;
relationship by alliance a bar to marriage at, p. 309;
marriage portion at, p. 410, n. 11.
Achomâwi (California), marriage by purchase among the, p. 401
n. 13.
Adam, Mr. W., on consanguineous marriage, p. 339.
Adelaide Plains, natives inhabiting the, their depravation due to
the influence of the whites, p. 68.
Admiralty Islanders, hair dress of the young men among the, p.
175;
painting of women among the, p. 181 n. 4;
men more decorated than women among the, p. 183;
covering of the men among the, p. 191 n. 5;
shell worn by the men among the, p. 201;
their ideas of modesty, p. 208.
Adultery, punishments inflicted for, pp. 121, 122, 130.
Adyrmachidae, jus primae noctis among the, pp. 76 sq.
Aenezes, women’s liberty of choice among the, pp. 220 n. 7,
222;
endogamy of the, p. 371;
their views on marriage by purchase, p. 408 n. 8.
Aëtas (Philippines), monogamous as a rule, p. 440.
Affection, ch. xvi., p. 546.
Africa, no people living in promiscuity in, p. 59.
Africans, paternal duties among certain, pp. 16 sq.;
pregnancy must be followed by marriage among certain, p.
23;
female unchastity punished by certain, p. 62 n. 8;
preservation of the chastity of wives among many, p. 120;
punishment for adultery among certain, p. 122 n. 4;
virginity required from the bride among certain, pp. 123 sq.;
infibulation of girls among many, p. 124;
widows killed among certain, p. 125;
lip-ornaments among certain, p. 166;
knocking out teeth among certain, p. 174;
 the men more ornamented than the women among many, p.
182;
only unmarried women cover their nakedness among many,
pp. 195 sq.;
a covering considered more necessary for men than women
by many, p. 199;
infanticide almost unknown among the, p. 312;
fertile women respected among the, p. 378 n. 3;
their desire for offspring, pp. 378 sq.;
marriage by purchase does not occur among certain, p. 398;
marriage portion among certain, p. 410 n. 11;
no marriage portion among many, p. 414 n. 5;
polygyny among the, pp. 439, 490, 493, 506;
class distinctions among the p. 506.
Africans, Eastern Central, terms for relationships among the, pp.
87, 93;
recognise the part taken by both parents in generation, p.
105;
children named after the mother’s tribe among certain, ib.;
the husband goes to live near the wife’s family among certain,
p. 109;
female lip-ornament among the, p. 166;
women more decorated than men among the, p. 183;
position of women among the, ib.;
circumcision among the, pp. 201 sq.;
women more particular in their choice than men among the,
p. 254;
endogamy of the, p. 366;
marriage by capture among the, p. 384;
no marriage portion among the, p. 414 n. 5;
monogamous as a rule, pp. 438 sq.;
polygyny among the, pp. 446, 491, 492, 499;
their women get old early, p. 487;
Levirate among the, p. 511 n.;
divorce among the, pp. 522, 527 n. 1, 528, 532 n. 6.
Africans, Equatorial, punishments for wantonness among the, p.
62;
lending wives among several, p. 74 n. 1;
terms of address among the, p. 91;
painting of girls among the, pp. 176 sq.;
nakedness of the, p. 193;
endogamy of the, p. 366;
polygyny among the, pp. 491, 494 sq.
——, South, celibacy unknown among the, p. 135;
circumcision among the, pp. 204 sq.;
polygyny among the, p. 446.
——, West, circumcision among certain, p. 201;
women’s power of choice among certain, p. 220;
appreciation of female beauty among certain, p. 257;
exogamy among certain, p. 306;
Levirate among certain, p. 511 n.;
rule of inheritance among certain, p. 512 n. 3
Agades, coquetry of the women of, p. 200.
Agassiz, L., on fertility of union as a characteristic of species, p.
288.
Ahl el Shemál (Syria), marriage portion among the, p. 410.
Ahts (British Columbia), property, &c., hereditary in the male
line among the, p. 98;
virginity required from the bride among the, p. 123;
paint used by the young people among the, p. 176;
marriage arranged by the parents among the, p. 224 n. 3;
prohibited degrees among the, p. 297;
infanticide almost unknown among the,p. 312;
endogamy of the, p. 365;
class-endogamy of the, p. 370;
marriage by capture among the, p. 383;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 392 n. 3;
compensation for capture among the, p. 401;
return gift among the, p. 409;
marriage portion among the, p. 414 n. 4;
polygyny among the, pp. 441 n. 4, 443, ib. n. 5;
 excess of male births among the, p. 466.
Ainos, kinship through males among the, p. 102;
remarriage of widowers and widows prohibited for a certain
period among the, p. 129, ib. n. 6;
marry early, p. 138;
courtship by women among the, p. 159;
alleged religious origin of tattooing among the, p. 170;
women’s liberty of choice among the, p. 220;
decrease of the, p. 348;
endogamy of the, pp. 348, 366 sq.;
wives obtained by service among the, p. 391 n.;
no marriage ceremony among the, p. 418;
concubinage among the, p. 445;
Levirate among the, p. 511 n.
Ainos of the Kuriles, bigamy among the, p. 450 n. 6.
——, Tsuishikari, their terms for grandfather and grandmother,
p. 92.
—— of Yesso, the husband lives with his father-in-law till the
birth of a child among the, p. 22;
tattooing by instalments among the, p. 178 n. 5;
marriage between cousins among the, p. 296;
do not buy their wives, pp. 397 sq.;
polygyny among the, pp. 438, 494, 495, n. 2;
their women get old early, pp. 486 sq.
Akas, do not use milk, p. 484 n. 6.
Akka, circumcision among the, p. 202.
Alamanni, decay of marriage by purchase among the, pp. 404,
407;
dower among the, p. 407.
Alaska. See Port des Français, Yukonikhotana.
Aleuts, punishment for illegitimate births among the, p. 65;
lending wives among the, p. 74 n. 1;
speedy remarriage of widowers and widows prohibited among
the, p. 129 n. 6;
men brought up like women among the, p. 134 n. 2;
their want of modesty, p. 210;
 marriage between cousins among the, p. 296;
their views on infanticide, p. 312;
their views on incest, p. 352;
wives obtained by service among the, p. 390 n. 5;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 401 n. 13;
no marriage ceremony among the, p. 417 n. 4;
polygyny among the, pp. 443, 494;
polyandry among the, pp. 450, 457;
divorce among the pp. 520, 521, 530, 533 n. 1.
Aleuts, Atkha, marriage binding only after the birth of a child
among the, pp. 23, 216;
jealousy of the men among the, p. 118;
Levirate among the, p. 511 n. 3.
—— of the Fur-Seal Islands, men more desirous of self-
decoration than women among the, p. 184.
—— of Oonalashka, polyandry among the, p. 450;
polygyny and divorce among the, p. 493.
—— of Unimak, marriage by capture among the, p. 383.
Algonquins, exogamy among the, p. 297;
polygyny among the, p. 443;
obligatory continence among the, p. 483 n. 2.
Allahabad, Hindus of, seasonal increase of births among the, pp.
32, 36 sq.
Allen, Mr. Grant, on love excited by contrasts, p. 354.
Alsace-Lorraine, births in, p. 470;
consanguineous marriages in, p. 481 n. 3.
Amazons, tribes of Upper, close intermarriage among the, p.
347;
infertility of their women, ib.
Amboina, prohibited degrees in, p. 302.
America, caste distinctions in, p. 369.
——, States of, divorce in the, p. 526 n. 5.
American Indians, their system of nomenclature, pp. 82 sq.;
their difficulty in pronouncing labials, p. 87;
terms of address among the, p. 89;
ideas of delicacy in married life among certain, p. 152;
 shaving and ornamenting the head among certain, p. 167;
unions with negresses rare among the, p. 254;
painting the body among the, p. 264;
obligatory continence among the, p. 483 n. 6;
polygyny among the, p. 492.
Andamanese, pregnancy followed by marriage among the, p. 24
n. 3;
alleged looseness of the marriage tie among the, p. 53;
monogamous, pp. 52, 53, 55, 57, 436, 507;
divorce unknown among the, pp. 57, 517;
fidelity among the, p. 57;
their terms for relations, pp. 90 sq.;
sexual modesty of the, p. 152 n. 3;
tattooing by instalments among the, p. 178 n. 5;
nakedness of women in a tribe of the, p. 188;
their ideas of modesty, p. 210;
prohibition of consanguineous marriage among the, p. 304;
relationship by alliance a bar to marriage among the, p. 309;
conjugal love among the, p. 358;
do not buy their wives, p. 398;
barter rare among the, pp. 400 sq.;
excess of female births among the, p. 467;
position of their women, p. 501.
Andree, R., on the circumcision of the Jews, p. 204.
Aneiteum (New Hebrides), term for mother in, p. 86.
Anglo-Saxons, wives deprived of their hair among the, p. 176
n.;
hair cutting an indication of slavery among the, ib.
Angola, Negroes of, barrenness despised among the, p. 378;
fickleness of their passions, p. 488;
polygyny among the, ib.;
divorce among the, p. 532 n. 2.
See Quissama.
Animals, lower, the male element brought to the female among
some, p 157;
the males, the seekers among the, pp. 157 sq.;
 struggle of the males for the possession of the females
among the, p. 159;
female choice among the, pp. 159, 222;
hybridism among the, pp. 278-280;
infertility from changed conditions among the, p. 286;
incest among the, p. 334;
in-and-in breeding of domesticated, pp. 335-338, 545.
Annamese, incest among the, p. 292;
bestiality among the, p. 333 n. 4.
Antelopes, small, marriage and paternal care among the, p. 12.
Antilles, marriage restriction for Frenchmen in the, p. 365.
Antiquity, peoples of, kinship through females among several of
the, pp. 103 sq.
Ants, sterility of the workers among, p. 150.
Apaches, chastity of women among the, p. 66;
lending wives among the, p. 74 n. 1;
polygyny among the, pp. 449, 492, 496;
divorce among the, p. 533 n. 4.
Apalachites, marriage between cousins among the, p. 296.
Apes, anthropomorphous, their marriage due to the long period
of infancy, pp. 21, 537;
not gregarious, pp. 42, 43, 538;
colour of the skin of the, pp. 271, 276;
monogamous, p. 508;
duration of their marriage, p. 517.
Arabia, excess of female births in, p. 468.
Arabs, system of kinship among the, pp. 102, ib. n. 4, 110 n. 2;
virginity required from the bride among the, p. 124;
their disapproval of the remarriage of widows, p. 127;
unmarried women almost unknown among the, p. 140 n. 6;
their ideas of modesty, p. 207;
women’s liberty of choice among certain, p. 222;
paternal authority among the, p. 228;
restriction of the paternal authority among the, p. 235;
marriage between cousins among the, pp. 296, 481;
marriage with a half-sister among the, p. 332;
 households of the, ib.;
their viewson consanguineous marriage, pp. 351 sq.;
love among the, p. 361;
race-prejudice among the, p. 364;
ceremony of capture among the, p. 385;
marriage by capture among the, ib. n. 13;
morning gift among the, p. 408;
monogamous as a rule, p. 439 n. 9;
their women get old early, p. 487;
polygyny among the, p. 495 n. 2;
Levirate among the, p. 511 n.;
divorce among the, pp. 525, 535.
See Bedouins, Mecca.
——, ancient, of Arabia Felix, polyandry among the, pp. 454,
458, 481.
—— of Morocco, monogamous as a rule, p. 439 n. 5.
—— of the Sahara, marry early, p. 138;
polygyny among the, p. 449;
their women get old early, p. 487;
divorced women among the, p. 533.
Arabs of Syria, marriage by purchase among the, p. 392 n. 3.
—— of Upper Egypt, test of courage requisite for marriage
among the, p. 18;
female chastity among the, p. 62;
virginity required from the bride among the, p. 123 n. 8;
morning gift among the, p. 410 n. 3;
polygyny and concubinage among the, pp. 449, 496.
Aracan, Hill Tribes of North consider want of chastity a merit in
the bride, p. 81;
no marriage ceremony among the, p. 418.
Araucanians, rank hereditary in the male line among the, p. 99;
ceremony of capture among the, pp. 383 sq.;
compensation for capture among the, p. 401;
marriage by purchase among the, ib. n. 13;
polygyny among the, pp. 444 n. 1, 494.
Arawaks, alleged absence of marriage among the, p. 55;
 jealousy of the men among the, pp. 58, 59, 119;
marriage among the, p. 59;
remarriage of widows prohibited for a certain period among
the, pp. 128 sq.;
female dress among the, p. 190;
early betrothals among the, pp. 213 n. 6, 224 n. 1;
wives obtained by service among the, p. 390 n. 5;
no marriage ceremony among the, p. 417 n. 4;
Levirate among the, p. 510 n. 3.
Arctopitheci, paternal care among the, p. 12.
Arecunas, their custom of enlarging the ear-lobes, p. 166;
tattooing of women among the, p. 181 n. 4.
Areois of Tahiti, jealousy of the, pp. 55, 119;
their dress on public occasions, p. 198.
Arins, paternal care among certain species of, p. 10.
Armenia, religious prostitution in, p. 72;
excess of female births in, p. 467.
Arorae (Kingsmill Group), woman’s liberty of choice in, pp. 217
sq.
Aru Islands, prohibited degrees in the, p. 302;
obligatory continence in the, p. 483 nn. 1, 2, 6;
divorce in the, p. 523 n. 9.
See Kobroor, Kola.
Aryan peoples, their system of nomenclature, p. 82;
their terms for father and mother, p. 88;
continence required from newly married people among
certain, p. 151.
Aryans, early, kinship through females supposed to have
prevailed among the, p. 104;
widows killed among the, p. 125;
widows forbidden to remarry among the, p. 127;
regarded celibacy as an impiety and a misfortune, p. 141;
patria potestas of the, pp. 230 sq.;
their desire for offspring, p. 379;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 396;
monogamous as a rule, p. 442;
 women in child-bed among the, p. 485.
—— of the North of India, season of love among the, p.33.
Ashantees, early betrothals among the, p. 214;
women’s power of choice among the, p. 220 n. 11;
obligatory continence among the, p. 484 n.;
superstitious ceremonies among the, p. 485;
divorce among the, p. 527 n. 1.
Asia, Russian, kinship through males among the peoples of, p.
102.
Ass, in southern countries, has no definite pairing season, p. 38.
Assamese, the ‘Baisakh Bihu’ festival among the, p. 323;
female jealousy among the, p. 499 n. 6.
Assyrians, tattooing among the, p. 169;
marriage with a half-sister among the, p. 295;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 395;
concubinage among the, pp. 432, 447.
Ateles paniscus, lives in families, p. 12.
Athenians, ancient, tale of the institution of marriage among
the, pp. 8 sq.;
estimation of courtesans among the, p. 81;
prosecution of celibates among the, p. 142;
wives deprived of their hair among the, p. 176 n.;
marriage with a half-sister among the, p. 295;
endogamy of the, p. 367;
dower among the, pp. 405 sq.;
divorce among the pp. 520, 529.
Atooi (Sandwich Islands), tattooing in, p. 201 n. 4;
curious usage in, p. 205 n. 3.
Augilæ, jus primae noctis among the, p. 72.
Auseans, alleged community of women among the, p. 52.
Australians, occasionally scattered in families in search of food,
p. 48;
alleged group-marriage among the, pp. 54, 56 sq.;
system of nomenclature among the, p. 56;
no promiscuity among the, pp. 57, 60, 61, 64;
 wantonness due to the influence of the whites among the, p.
61;
lending wives among the, pp. 61, 74 n. 1;
system of kinship among the, p. 101;
believe that the child is derived from the father only, p. 106;
jealousy of the men among the, pp. 118, 131;
prostitution of wives among the, p. 131;
celibacy of women almost unknown among the, p. 136;
their women marry early, p. 139;
celibacy caused by polygyny among the, p. 144;
the men marry late among the, ib. n. 5;
continence required from newly married people among
certain, p. 151;
combats for women among the, pp. 160 sq.;
their vanity, p. 165;
their custom of knocking out teeth, pp. 167, 174, 202;
paint the body, pp. 168, 176, 181 n. 4;
scar the body, pp. 169, 171, 178 sq.;
means of attraction among the, p. 173;
nose ornament among certain, pp. 173 sq.;
tattooing of the young people among the, p. 177;
the men more ornamented than the women among the, p.
183;
their want of modesty, pp. 187 sq.;
nakedness of the, p. 192;
only unmarried women cover their nakedness among certain,
p. 196;
indecent dances among the, p. 198 n. 1;
circumcision among the, pp. 202 sq.;
no government among the, pp. 203 sq.;
the ‘terrible rite’ among several, p. 205 n. 5;
ideas of modesty among certain, p. 211;
early betrothals among the, p. 214;
woman’s liberty of choice among the, p. 217;
elopements among the, pp. 217, 223, 583;
independence of sons among the, p. 223;
 their ideal of beauty, pp. 257, 263 sq.;
mongrels among the, pp. 284-287;
exogamy among the, pp. 299, 300, 318, 321 n. 1;
prohibited degrees among the, pp. 300, 318;
infanticide among the, p. 313;
horror of sexual intercourse within the exogamous limits
among the, p. 317;
local exogamy among the, pp. 322, 325;
their hordes, p. 325;
endogamy of certain, pp. 332, 367;
conjugal affection and love among the, pp. 359, 360, 503;
marriage by capture among the, pp. 384, 385, 389;
amicable relations between different tribes among the, p.
389;
marriage by exchange among the, p. 390;
barter formerly unknown among certain, p. 400;
marriage ceremonies among the, p. 418;
monogamous as a rule, p. 440;
proportion between the sexes among the, pp. 461, 462, 467;
their women not prolific, p. 491 n. 1;
female jealousy among the, p. 498;
Levirate among the, p. 510 n. 3.
See Adelaide Plains, Birria, Botany Bay, Carpentarian Gulf,
Darling, Dieyerie, Encounter Bay tribe, Eucla tribe, Gippsland,
Gournditch-mara, Herbert River, Herbert Vale, Kámilarói,
Karawalla, Koombokkaburra, Kurnai, Larrakía tribe, Moncalon,
Murray, Narrinyeri, New Norcia, New South Wales,
Pegulloburras, Perth, Port Essington, Port Jackson, Port Lincoln,
Queensland, Riverina, Torndirrup, Tunberri, Tuna, Victoria,
Watchan-dies.
Australians, South, terms of address among the, p. 93;
initiatory rites of manhood among the, p. 199;
polygyny among the, p. 494.
——, West, the family among the, p. 45;
terms of address among the, p. 92;
system of kinship among the, p. 101;
 influence of surnames among the, p. 111;
disposal of a girl’s hand among the, p. 215;
mongrels among the, pp. 285, 287;
bigamy among the, p. 450;
excess of men among the, p. 461.
Austria, seasonal increase of births in, p. 32;
civil marriage in, p. 428;
excess of male births among the Jews of, 481 n. 4;
divorce in, p. 526.
Avanos, polyandry among the, pp. 451, 472 n. 3;
excess of men among the, p. 461.

B
Babber, female jealousy in, p. 499 n. 6;
divorce in, p. 523 n. 9.
Babylonians, religious prostitution among the, p. 72;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 395;
marriage portion among the, p. 408.
Bachofen, J. J. , on the promiscuity of primitive man, pp. 51, 78;
on metrocracy, p. 96;
on the maternal system among the primitive Aryans, p. 104
n. 2.
Badagas, marriage not complete till the woman is pregnant
among the, p. 23;
return gift among the, p. 409;
marriage portion among the, pp. 415 n. 2, 534 n. 5;
monogamous, p. 436;
probably endogamous, p. 480;
excess of men among the, ib.;
divorce among the, pp. 527 n. 1, 532 n. 3, 534 nn. 4 sq.
Badger, pairing season of the, p. 26 n.;
breeding season of the, p. 35.
Baele, marriage not complete till the birth of a child among the,
pp. 22 sq.;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 392 n. 3;
inheriting widows among the, p. 513 n. 1.
Bafióte, celibacy due to poverty among the, p. 144 n. 3;
monogamous as a rule, p. 438 n. 8.
Bagele (in Adamáua), jus primae noctis in, pp. 76 sq.
Baghirmi, fights for women in, p. 161;
incest in, p. 293;
excess of women in, p. 465 n. 4.
Bagobos (Philippines), return gift among the, p. 409;
polygyny among the, p. 496.
Bain, Prof. A., on the feeling of shame, p. 208;
on love, pp. 354, 356, 502;
on sympathy, p. 362 n. 2.
Bakaïri, terms for relationships among the, pp. 86 sq.
Bakalai, inheriting widows among the, p. 513.
Bakongo, seasonal increase of births among the, p. 31;
horrified at the idea of promiscuous intercourse, pp. 59, 113;
terms for relationships among the, pp. 86, 88 sq.;
kinship through females among the, p. 113;
celibacy caused by polygyny among the, p. 144;
aversion to consanguineous marriage among the, p. 306;
their weddings, p. 418 n. 12;
divorce among the, p. 522.
Bakundu,
punishment for infanticide in, p. 312.
Ba-kwileh,
chieftainship hereditary in the male line among the, p. 102;
marry early, p. 138;
their women get old early, p. 487.
Baladea. See Duauru language.
Balearic Islands, jus primae noctis in the, p. 73.
Bali, widows killed in, p. 125 n. 8;
compensation for capture in, p. 401.
Balonda, nakedness of the women of, p. 189;
idea of decency in, p. 209.
Bantu race, influence of the surname among certain tribes of
the, p. 111;
prohibition of consanguineous marriage among the, p. 307;
 marriage between cousins among the, pp. 307, 481;
want of affection among the, p. 357;
polyandry among certain tribes of the, pp. 452, 481.
Banyai, wives obtained by service among the, p. 390 n. 6;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 393.
Barabinzes, wives obtained by service among the, p. 391 n.
Barea, authority of the maternal uncle among the, p. 40;
inheritance through females among the, p. 112;
circumcision of girls among the, p. 206 n. 1;
marriage with slaves among the, p. 371 n. 8;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 402 n.
Baris, tattooing of the young people among the, p. 177;
nakedness of the men among the, p. 189;
female dress among the, p. 197 n. 5.
Barito district (Borneo), husband’s duties in the, p. 17.
Barolongs, race-endogamy of the, pp. 363 sq.
Barôze, polygyny in, pp. 434 sq.
Barter, a comparatively late invention of man, pp. 400, 401,
546.
Bashkirs, marriage by purchase among the, p. 393;
marriage portion among the, p. 410.
Basques, not a pure race, p. 282.
Basra, ideas of modesty at, p. 207.
Bastian, Prof. A., on the promiscuity of primitive man, p. 51;
on the periodical continence required from the husband, p.
484.
Basutos, repudiated wives supported by their former husbands
among the, p. 19;
terms of address among the, p. 91;
authority of the maternal uncle among the, p. 108;
adulterer regarded as a thief among the, p. 130 n. 3;
dress of girls, when dancing, among the, pp. 198 sq.;
marriage arranged by the father among the, p. 224;
marriage between cousins among the, p. 308;
wives obtained by service among the, p. 390 n. 6;
polygyny among the, pp. 446, 447, 499;
 divorce among the, pp. 524, 532;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 532.
Bataks (Sumatra), kinship through males among the, p. 100;
early betrothals among the, p. 214 n. 8;
exogamy among the, p. 302;
prohibited degrees among the, pp. 302 sq.;
separation formerly not allowed among the, p. 517 n. 5.
Batavia, women get old early in, p. 486.
Bateke, seasonal increase of births among the, p. 31;
system of kinship among the, p. 103;
hold the function of both parents in generation alike
important, p. 105;
celibacy caused by polygyny among the, p. 144;
prohibited degrees among the, pp. 306, 318;
proportion between the sexes at birth among the, p. 479.
Bats, substitute for paternal protection among, p. 21;
their pairing season, p. 25 n. 4.
Batz, endogamy of the people of, p. 344.
Bavaria, age for marriage in, p. 146;
infertility of marriages between Jews and the non-Jewish
population in, p. 288;
mixed marriages in, p. 376.
Bawar, polyandry in, pp. 453, 456, 472 n. 3.
Bazes, authority of the maternal uncle among the, p. 40;
their weddings, p. 418 n. 10;
monogamous as a rule, p. 439 n. 5.
Beauty, typical, ch. xii., pp. 542 sq.;
individual ideal of, p. 355.
Beaver Indians, race-endogamy of the, p. 363 n. 5;
their women not prolific, p. 491 n.
Bebel, A., on the promiscuity of primitive man, p. 51 n. 2.
Bechuanas,
necessary preliminary to marriage among certain tribes of
the, p. 18;
system of kinship among the, p. 103;
circumcision among the, pp. 203, 206 n. 1;
 early betrothals among the, p. 214;
exogamous as a rule, pp. 307 sq.;
symbol of capture among the, p. 384;
their views on marriage by purchase, p. 408 n. 8;
morning gift among the, p. 410 n. 3;
validity of marriage among the, p. 430 n. 1;
monogamous as a rule, pp. 438 sq.;
polygyny among the, pp. 447 n. 1, 493, 509 n. 1;
their word for son, p. 490 n. 4;
Levirate among the, pp. 511 n., 514 n.
See Barolongs, Basutos.
Bedouins,
remarriage of divorced women prohibited for a certain period
among the, p. 129;
divorce among the, pp. 519, 532 n. 6.
See Aenezes, Ahl el Shemál, Arabs.
—— of Mount Sinai,
marriage not complete till the woman is pregnant among the,
p. 22;
forced marriages among the, p. 221;
marriage on credit among the, p. 394 n. 8;
lucky day for marriage among the, p. 424 n. 1.
Beetles, colours of stridulating, p. 247;
‘ornaments’ of many male, pp. 250 sq.
Belgium, seasonal increase of births in, pp. 31 sq.;
number of celibates in, p. 145.
See Netherlands.
Bellabollahs (British Columbia), Levirate among the, p. 510 n. 3.
Belt, Mr. T., on the hairlessness of man, p. 276 n. 2.
Beni-Amer, modesty of unmarried women among the, p. 62;
marry early, p. 138;
conjugal affection among the, p. 357;
nobility among the, p. 369;
class-endogamy among the, p. 371;
morning gift among the, p. 410 n. 3;
monogamous as a rule, p. 439;
 divorce among the, pp. 527 n. 1, 531 n. 4.
Beni-Mzab, punishment for seduction among the, p. 62;
jealousy of the men among the, p. 120;
monogamous, pp. 435 sq.;
divorce exceptional among the, p. 521 n. 9.
Benin, Negroes of, jealousy of the men among the, p. 131;
dress of girls among the, p. 192;
circumcision of girls among the, p. 206 n. 1;
barren wives despised among the, p. 378 n. 4;
inheriting widows among the, p. 513.
Berbs of Morocco, monogamous as a rule, p. 439 n. 5.
Berlin, menstruation among the poorer women of, p. 488.
Berner, on the law of Hofacker and Sadler, p. 469.
Bernhöft, Prof. F., on group-marriage, p. 95 n. 1.
Bertillon, Dr., on the prohibition of marriage between kindred,
pp. 326 sq.
‘Best Man’ at weddings, p. 421.
Bestiality, pp. 280, 281, 333, 543 sq.
Bétsiléo (Madagascar) female appreciation of manly courage
and skill among the, p. 256.
Bhils, their disapproval of the remarriage of widows, pp. 127
sq.;
sons betrothed by their parents among the, p. 224 n. 6;
marriage by capture among the, p. 385 n. 12;
wives obtained by service among the, p. 391 n.;
female jealousy among the, p. 499 n. 6.
Bhúiyas, courtship by women among the, p. 158 n. 6.
Bigamy, p. 450.
Bilúchis, Levirate among the, pp. 511 n.
Birds, parental care among, pp. 10, 11, 21;
marriage among, pp. 11, 21;
their pairing season, p. 25;
courtship among, p. 163;
“ornaments” of many male, pp. 241, 250 sq.;
sexual colours among, pp. 241-245, 248 sq.;
sexual sounds among, pp. 247-249, 251;
 sexual odours among, pp. 248 sq.;
hybridism among, p. 278;
polyandry almost unheard of among, p. 482;
excess of males among, ib.;
absorbing passion for one among, p. 502;
generally pair for life, p. 517.
See Galapagos Islands.
Birria (Australia), monogamous, p. 437.
Birth, disproportion between the sexes at, pp. 466-469, 547 sq.
Births, periodical fluctuation in the number of, pp. 30-37;
illegitimate, pp. 69 sq.
Bisayans (Philippines), wives obtained by service among the, p.
391 nn. 1 sq.;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 402 n. 1.
Bison, Indian, pairing season of the, p. 26 n.
Blackfeet, celibacy rare among the, p. 134;
run-away matches among the, p. 216 n. 10;
their views on infanticide, p. 312;
excess of women among the, p. 461;
obligatory continence among the, p. 483 n. 1;
polygyny among the, p. 500 n. 3.
Blemmyans, Pliny’s description of the, p. 60.
Bodo, rule of inheritance among the, p. 101;
marry early, p. 138;
marriage by capture among the, p. 385 n. 12;
wives obtained by service among the, p. 391 n.;
compensation for capture among the, p. 401;
position of their women, p. 501;
nominal authority of their chiefs, p. 506.
Bogos, circumcision among the, p. 202;
prohibited degrees among the, p. 306.
Bohemians, alleged community of women among the, p. 52;
marriage by purchase among the, p. 397 n. 6;
marriage portion among the, p. 413.
Bokhara, polygyny in, p. 449.
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