Unit 1: Squares, Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots 5

Let’s Exercise
1. Find the value of each of the following.
a) 9
b) 1
c) 0
d) 169
e) 576
f) 225
16
g) 25
2. Evaluate each of the following.
1
a) 4
b) If x = 196 , then 1x = .

3. The area of a square is 144cm 2 . What is the length of each side?

x2
4. If x = 5 and y = 20 , find
y2
+ xy .

Following rules are useful to simplify square roots.

i) ab = a b ( a $ 0 , b $ 0)
a a
ii) b = (a $ 0, b > 0)
b
Example
a) 4900 = 49 # 100 = 7 # 10 = 70
9 9 3
b) 0.0009 = 10000 = = 100 = 0.03
10000

Let’s Exercise
a) 1600

b) 81 # 121

c) 0.25
25
d) 64
6 Mathematics Grade 8 Workbook

1.3 Using Square Root Table

It is not easy to find square roots of decimal numbers such as 15.80, 2.45, ... etc, but it
can be approximated using square root tables.

Example
Find 11 . 16

Solution:
Step i: Find the number 11.16 in the body of the table for the function y = x2.

Step ii: On the row containing this number, move to the left and read 3.3
under x.
The first two digit of the square root of 11.16.

Step iii: To get the 3rd digit, start from 11.16 move vertically upward and read 4.

` 11 . 16 - 3 . 34
The function y = x2
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.0 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.061 1.082 1.103 1.124 1.145 1.166 1.188
1.1 1.210 1.232 1.254 1.277 1.300 1.323 1.346 1.369 1.392 1.416
1.2 1.440 1.464 1.488 1.513 1.538 1.563 1.588 1.613 1.638 1.664
1.3 1.690 1.716 1.742 1.769 1.796 1.823 1.850 1.877 1.904 1.932
1.4 1.960 1.988 2.016 2.045 2.074 2.103 2.132 2.161 2.190 2.220
1.5 2.250 2.280 2.310 2.341 2.372 2.403 2.434 2.465 2.496 2.528
1.6 2.560 2.592 2.624 2.657 2.690 2.723 2.756 2.789 2.822 2.856
1.7 2.890 2.924 2.958 2.993 3.028 3.063 3.098 3.133 3.168 3.204
1.8 3.240 3.276 3.312 3.349 3.386 3.423 3.460 3.497 3.534 3.572
1.9 3.610 3.648 3.686 3.725 3.764 3.803 3.842 3.881 3.920 3.960
2.0 4.000 4.040 4.080 4.121 4.162 4.203 4.244 4.285 4.326 4.368
2.1 4.410 4.452 4.494 4.537 4.580 4.623 4.666 4.709 4.752 4.796
2.2 4.840 4.884 4.928 4.973 5.018 5.063 5.108 5.153 5.198 5.244
2.3 5.290 5.336 5.382 5.429 5.476 5.523 5.570 5.617 5.664 5.712
2.4 5.760 5.808 5.856 5.905 5.954 6.003 6.052 6.101 6.150 6.200
2.5 6.250 6.300 6.350 6.401 6.452 6.503 6.554 6.605 6.656 6.708
2.6 6.760 6.812 6.864 6.917 6.970 7.023 7.076 7.129 7.182 7.236
2.7 7.290 7.344 7.398 7.453 7.508 7.563 7.618 7.673 7.728 7.784
2.8 7.840 7.896 7.952 8.009 8.066 8.123 8.180 8.237 8.294 8.352
2.9 8.410 8.468 8.526 8.585 8.644 8.703 8.762 8.821 8.880 8.940
3.0 9.000 9.060 9.120 9.181 9.242 9.303 9.364 9.425 9.486 9.548
3.1 9.610 9.672 9.734 9.797 9.860 9.923 9.986 10.05 10.11 10.18
3.2 10.24 10.30 10.37 10.43 10.50 10.56 10.63 10.69 10.76 10.82
3.3 10.89 10.96 11.02 11.09 11.16 11.22 11.29 11.36 11.42 11.49
3.4 11.56 11.63 11.70 11.76 11.83 11.90 11.97 12.04 12.11 12.18
3.5 12.25 12.32 12.39 12.46 12.53 12.60 12.67 12.74 12.82 12.89
3.6 12.96 13.03 13.10 13.18 13.25 13.32 13.40 13.47 13.54 13.62
3.7 13.69 13.76 13.84 13.91 13.99 14.06 14.14 14.21 14.29 14.36
3.8 14.44 14.52 14.59 14.67 14.75 14.82 14.90 14.98 15.05 15.13
3.9 15.21 15.29 15.37 15.44 15.52 15.60 15.68 15.76 15.84 15.92
4.0 16.00 16.08 16.16 16.24 16.32 16.40 16.48 16.56 16.65 16.73
4.1 16.81 16.89 16.97 17.06 17.14 17.22 17.31 17.39 17.47 17.56
4.2 17.64 17.72 17.81 17.89 17.98 18.06 18.15 18.23 18.32 18.40
4.3 18.49 18.58 18.66 18.75 18.84 18.92 19.01 19.10 19.18 19.27
4.4 19.36 19.45 19.54 19.62 19.71 19.80 19.89 19.98 20.07 20.16
4.5 20.25 20.34 20.43 20.52 20.61 20.70 20.79 20.88 20.98 21.07
4.6 21.16 21.25 21.34 21.44 21.53 21.62 21.72 21.81 21.90 22.00
4.7 22.09 22.18 22.28 22.37 22.47 22.56 22.66 22.75 22.85 22.94
4.8 23.04 23.14 23.23 23.33 23.43 23.52 23.62 23.72 23.81 23.91
4.9 24.01 24.11 24.21 24.30 24.40 24.50 24.60 24.70 24.80 24.90
Unit 1: Squares, Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots 7
Let’s Exercise
1. Find the square roots of each of the following from the table. (y = x2)
a) 11.56 c) 10.18
b) 12.46 d) 31.25

2. Use the table of squares to find the appropriate value of each of the following.
a) 9 . 36 c) 12.39
b) 10 . 24 d) 30 . 58

3. If (1.43)2 ≈ 2.045, then (14.3)2 ≈ ____________.

The function of y = x2 1.00 # x # 5.99

x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1.0 1.000 1.020 1.040 1.061 1.082 1.103 1.124 1.145 1.166 1.188
1.1 1.210 1.232 1.254 1.277 1.300 1.323 1.346 1.369 1.392 1.416
1.2 1.440 1.464 1.488 1.513 1.538 1.563 1.588 1.613 1.638 1.664
1.3 1.690 1.716 1.742 1.769 1.796 1.823 1.850 1.877 1.904 1.932
1.4 1.960 1.988 2.016 2.045 2.074 2.103 2.132 2.161 2.190 2.220
1.5 2.250 2.280 2.310 2.341 2.372 2.403 2.434 2.465 2.496 2.528
1.6 2.560 2.592 2.624 2.657 2.690 2.723 2.756 2.789 2.822 2.856
1.7 2.890 2.924 2.958 2.993 3.028 3.063 3.098 3.133 3.168 3.204
1.8 3.240 3.276 3.312 3.349 3.386 3.423 3.460 3.497 3.534 3.572
1.9 3.610 3.648 3.686 3.725 3.764 3.803 3.842 3.881 3.920 3.960
2.0 4.000 4.040 4.080 4.121 4.162 4.203 4.244 4.285 4.326 4.368
2.1 4.410 4.452 4.494 4.537 4.580 4.623 4.666 4.709 4.752 4.796
2.2 4.840 4.884 4.928 4.973 5.018 5.063 5.108 5.153 5.198 5.244
2.3 5.290 5.336 5.382 5.429 5.476 5.523 5.570 5.617 5.664 5.712
2.4 5.760 5.808 5.856 5.905 5.954 6.003 6.052 6.101 6.150 6.200
2.5 6.250 6.300 6.350 6.401 6.452 6.503 6.554 6.605 6.656 6.708
2.6 6.760 6.812 6.864 6.917 6.970 7.023 7.076 7.129 7.182 7.236
2.7 7.290 7.344 7.398 7.453 7.508 7.563 7.618 7.673 7.728 7.784
2.8 7.840 7.896 7.952 8.009 8.066 8.123 8.180 8.237 8.294 8.352
2.9 8.410 8.468 8.526 8.585 8.644 8.703 8.762 8.821 8.880 8.940
3.0 9.000 9.060 9.120 9.181 9.242 9.303 9.364 9.425 9.486 9.548
3.1 9.610 9.672 9.734 9.797 9.860 9.923 9.986 10.05 10.11 10.18
3.2 10.24 10.30 10.37 10.43 10.50 10.56 10.63 10.69 10.76 10.82
3.3 10.89 10.96 11.02 11.09 11.16 11.22 11.29 11.36 11.42 11.49
3.4 11.56 11.63 11.70 11.76 11.83 11.90 11.97 12.04 12.11 12.18
3.5 12.25 12.32 12.39 12.46 12.53 12.60 12.67 12.74 12.82 12.89
3.6 12.96 13.03 13.10 13.18 13.25 13.32 13.40 13.47 13.54 13.62
3.7 13.69 13.76 13.84 13.91 13.99 14.06 14.14 14.21 14.29 14.36
3.8 14.44 14.52 14.59 14.67 14.75 14.82 14.90 14.98 15.05 15.13
3.9 15.21 15.29 15.37 15.44 15.52 15.60 15.68 15.76 15.84 15.92
4.0 16.00 16.08 16.16 16.24 16.32 16.40 16.48 16.56 16.65 16.73
4.1 16.81 16.89 16.97 17.06 17.14 17.22 17.31 17.39 17.47 17.56
4.2 17.64 17.72 17.81 17.89 17.98 18.06 18.15 18.23 18.32 18.40
4.3 18.49 18.58 18.66 18.75 18.84 18.92 19.01 19.10 19.18 19.27
4.4 19.36 19.45 19.54 19.62 19.71 19.80 19.89 19.98 20.07 20.16
4.5 20.25 20.34 20.43 20.52 20.61 20.70 20.79 20.88 20.98 21.07
4.6 21.16 21.25 21.34 21.44 21.53 21.62 21.72 21.81 21.90 22.00
4.7 22.09 22.18 22.28 22.37 22.47 22.56 22.66 22.75 22.85 22.94
4.8 23.04 23.14 23.23 23.33 23.43 23.52 23.62 23.72 23.81 23.91
4.9 24.01 24.11 24.21 24.30 24.40 24.50 24.60 24.70 24.80 24.90
5.0 25.00 25.10 25.20 25.30 25.40 25.50 25.60 25.70 25.81 25.91
5.1 26.01 26.11 26.21 26.32 26.42 26.52 26.63 26.73 26.83 26.94
5.2 27.04 27.14 27.25 27.35 27.46 27.56 27.67 27.77 27.88 27.98
5.3 28.09 28.20 28.30 28.41 28.52 28.62 28.73 28.84 28.94 29.05
5.4 29.16 29.27 29.38 29.48 29.59 29.70 29.81 29.92 30.03 30.14
5.5 30.25 30.36 30.47 30.58 30.69 30.80 30.91 31.02 31.14 31.25
5.6 31.36 31.47 31.58 31.70 31.81 31.92 32.04 32.15 32.26 32.38
5.7 32.49 32.60 32.72 32.83 32.95 33.06 33.18 33.29 33.41 33.52
5.8 33.64 33.76 33.87 33.99 34.11 34.22 34.34 34.46 34.57 34.69
5.9 34.81 34.93 35.05 35.16 35.28 35.40 35.52 35.64 35.76 35.88
8 Mathematics Grade 8 Workbook

1.4 Operations of Square Roots (I) Addition and

Subtraction
RR Just with regular numbers square root can be added together. However, you
may not be able to simplify the addition all the way down to one number.
Remember!
You cannot add apples and oranges, so you also cannot combine
unlike radials (square roots).
RR To add radical terms together, they must have the same radical part.
RR When adding or subtracting radicals, you must use the same concept as that of
adding or subtracting “like” variables.

Example
1. Add: 2 3 + 7 3

Solution:
Since the radicals are the same in each term (namely, the square root of
three), it is possible to combine terms. You have two copies of the radical
of three, added to another seven copies. This gives nine copies of radical
three.
2 3 + 7 3 = (2 + 7) 3 = 9 3

2. Add: 2+3 2

Solution:
The radical part is the same in each term. So you can do this addition.
►► 2 means one copy of square root of two.
►► 3 2 means three copies of square root of two, so
2 + 3 2 = 1 2 + 3 2 gg since 2=1 2
= ( 1 + 3) 2 = 4 2

3. Add: 2 18 + 5 2

Solution:
Let us simplify the radical in the first term. This will create “like” term.
2 18 + 5 2 = 2 9 # 2 + 5 2
= 2 3 # 3 # 2 + 5 2 = (2 # 3) 2 + 5 2
= 6 2 + 5 2 gg (6 copies added to 5 copies of square root of two)
= (6 + 5) 2 = 11 2
Unit 1: Squares, Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots 9
4. Add: 6 5 + 3 7

Solution:
Since the radicals are not the same and both are in their simplest form
there is no way to combine the value. The answer is the same as the
problem. That is,
6 5+3 7

5. Subtract: 3 2 - 2

Solution:
Since the radical part is the same in each term, it is possible to perform
addition by combining terms.
►► 3 2 - 2 ⋯⋯ mean subtract one copy from three copies of square root of two
3 2 - 2 = (3 - 1) 2 = 2 2 ⋯⋯ gives two copies of square root of two

6. Subtract: 4 8 - 2 18

Solution:
Let us simplify the radical in the first term to create like term.
4 8 - 2 18 = 4 4 # 2 - 2 9 # 2 = 4 2 # 2 # 2 - 2 3 # 3 # 2
= (4 # 2) 2 - (2 # 3) 2
= 8 2 - 6 2 gg like term
= ( 8 - 6) 2 = 2 2

Let’s Exercise
1. Add the following.
a) 2 2 + 6 2 f) 3 8+5 2
b) 3+4 3 g) 3 3+2 5+ 3
c) 2 6+5 6 h) 5 3 + 2 75
d) 3 4+2 4 i) 10 + 3 10 + 6 10
e) 25 + 36

2. Subtract the following.

a) 4 3 - 3 3 e) 20 - 5
b) 7 7- 7 f) 5-3 5+2 5
c) 18 - 8 g) 5 8 - 3 18 + 3
d) 3 8-5 2