NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE OF TIGRAY

BUREAU OF WATER RESOURE

Draft Study and Design Report of

Freweyni Town WSP

Prepared by:
Hagos Girmay
Sep, 2024
 Tigray Water and Mines Bureau Freweyni WSP

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. General and Background .......................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Objective ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3. Scope of the work .................................................................................................................... 6
1.4. Background Information .......................................................................................................... 6
1.4.1. Location, and Accessibility ...................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2. Topography.............................................................................................................................. 6
1.5. Methodology of the Study ........................................................................................................ 7
2. Existing Water Supply and Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 8
2.1 Existing Water Supply Condition ............................................................................................. 8
2.2 Existing Infrastructures ............................................................................................................ 8
2.2.1. Economic Activities ......................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2. Social Services and Facilities ............................................................................................ 8
2.2.3. Transportation .................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.4. Electric Power Supply ...................................................................................................... 9
2.2.5. Livestock Population .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3. Design Criteria ...............................................................................................................................10
3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................10
3.2 Design Horizon ....................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Population and Domestic Demand ........................................................................................... 12
3.3.1. Population Growth Rate .................................................................................................. 12
3.3.2. Population projections ..................................................................................................... 12
3.3.3. Estimation of per capita water demand............................................................................. 13
3.3.4. Adjustment for climate and socio-economic conditions .................................................... 13
3.3.5. Adjusted domestic Water Demand ................................................................................... 14
3.3.6. Non-domestic water demand ........................................................................................... 14
3.3.7. Unaccounted- for Water (UFW) or Non-Revenue (NRW) ................................................ 14
3.3.8. Average Day Demand ..................................................................................................... 15

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3.3.9. Peak/Maximum Day Factor (PDF) ................................................................................... 15

3.3.10. Peak Hour Factor (PHF) .................................................................................................. 15
3.4 Water Supply System Component Design ...............................................................................16
3.4.1. Flow Measurements.........................................................................................................16
3.4.2. Location of Valves and Chambers ................................................................................... 17
3.4.3. Pump and power supply................................................................................................... 17
3.5 Other Technical Criteria .......................................................................................................... 17
3.5.1. Boreholes ........................................................................................................................ 17
3.5.2. Pumping Station ..............................................................................................................18
3.5.3. Transmission/Gravity Mains ............................................................................................18
3.5.4. Water storage/Water Reservoir ........................................................................................18
3.5.5. Distribution system.......................................................................................................... 21
3.5.6. Velocity and Head loss ................................................................................................... 22
3.5.7. Public Fountains ............................................................................................................. 22
3.5.8. Selection of Pipe Materials and Type .............................................................................. 22
4. Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 23
4.1 Design Period ........................................................................................................................ 23
4.2 Population .............................................................................................................................. 23
4.3 Water demand ........................................................................................................................ 23
5. Proposed water supply system........................................................................................................ 24
5.1 Background............................................................................................................................ 24
5.2 Hydraulic Calculation for the proposed activities .................................................................... 24
5.3 Pumps and Transmission line ................................................................................................. 24
5.4 Raising (pressure) Main from borehole to new water reservoir ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.5 Pumps and Power Supply ....................................................................................................... 28
5.6 Water Quality ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.7 Service Reservoirs .................................................................................................................. 31
5.6.1. Water Reservoir .............................................................................................................. 31
5.8 Gravity and distribution Lines ................................................................................................. 31
5.9 Public Fountains .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.10 Auxiliary Buildings ................................................................................................................ 36

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6. The Implementation Programme .................................................................................................... 37

6.1 Construction Components & Contract Schedule ..................................................................... 37
6.2 Construction Stage ................................................................................................................. 37
7. Negative Environmental Impacts of the Project and their Mitigation Measures ........ Error!
Bookmark not defined.
7.1 Impacts ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 Mitigation Measures .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
8. Conclusions and recommendations ................................................................................................ 38
8.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 38
8.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................................... 38
List of references ................................................................................................................................... 39

List of Tables
Table 2. 1: Economic activities in Freweyni townmulti village ....... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2. 2: Number of students in Freweyni townMulti village ..... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 2. 3:-Livestock Populations of the area................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 3. 1:-Year of demand projection ................................................................................................. 11

Table 3. 2:- Design Life for Major Components ................................................................................. 11
Table 3. 3: Climatic adjustment factors ............................................................................................... 14
Table 3. 4: Adjustment due to socio-economic conditions ................................................................ 14
Table 3. 5: Peak Day Factors and maximum day factor ......................................................................16

Table 4. 1:-Total present and future population of Freweyni townMulti village Error! Bookmark
not defined.
Table 4. 2:-The domestic water demand up to the end of the design periodError! Bookmark not
defined.
Table 4. 3:-- The non-domestic water demand up to the end of the design period .................. Error!
Bookmark not defined.
Table 4. 4:- The Domestic and non-domestic water demand up to the end of the design period
............................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Table 4. 5:- The peak day and peak hour water demands up to the end of the design period ........ 23

Table 5. 1: Borehole data (BH) from the pump test results ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5. 2:- Design of raising main = BH .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 5. 3:- Head loss using Hazen William formula......................................................................... 26
Table 5. 4:-Darcy-Weisbach formula (General formula) ................................................................... 27
Table 5. 5:-The raw water quality of Beri- Tekilay and WHO guidelineError! Bookmark not
defined.
Table 5. 6:- Distribution network hydraulic analysis using Excel spread sheet ............................... 35
Figure 3: proposed pipe line of Beri – Tekilay rural ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General and Background

The Tigray Water Resource Development Bureau (TWRDB) is delegated by The Regional
Government of Tigray to carry out different Water Supply Projects, in order to change and
transform the livelihood of the community of the region. Accordingly, the TWRDB is working
with nongovernmental organization, water resource developmental sectors to increase the
coverage of drinking water supply of the region (both to human and livestock consumption).

In order to ensure the availability of sufficient quantity and acceptable quality of water supply, it
becomes very important in a modern society to plan and build suitable and affordable water
supply schemes, which will provide water to the various sections of the community in
accordance with their demands and requirements.

Hence, the regional government of Tigray has been dedicated to respond to the water shortage of
Freweyni town, with cooperation of UNICEF which is expected be fund the water supply
project.

1.2. Objective

The objective of the study is to assure reliable, safe and sustainable water supply and sanitation
services for the town and the project contributes its role for the development and eradication of
poverty in the region in particular and in the country in general. Accordingly the scope of the
assignment has major objective:

The specific objectives of this study are described below

 To conduct the study and design of Freweyni town and produce conceptual planning and
detailed design report that could assist the client to determine the most suitable and
practicable methods of sustainable water supply development.
 In doing so, the specific objectives are; to provide safe water, easily accessible, in quantities
adequate for drinking, food preparation, personal hygiene, and livestock, at a cost in keeping

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with the economic level of the communities and through facilities which can be easily
operated and maintained at the local level for the coming 10years.
 Preparing detail design report and tender documents for the water supply system and its
components.

1.3. Scope of the work

The study team will carry out complete Engineering service related to the study and Design of
the project area. The assignment includes but not limited to the following.

 Collect and analyze all relevant primary and secondary data on the current water supply
systems of the village.
 Water supply system mapping that is intended to upgrade the existing raising main from
booster station to the service reservoir of the town’s water supply and sewerage office such
as, site layouts of pipe lines, reviewing the location of the existing pressure break tank.
 Detail engineering design of the water supply components which is proposed to be upgraded.
 Preparation of working drawings and specifications for the required structures.

1.4. Background Information

1.4.1. Location, and Accessibility

The project area is located in the eastern zone part of Tigray regional state, in Saesie tseda Emba
Woreda. The geographic coordinates of the area is 561939.6m longitudes and 1553485 m
latitude (at service reservoir). The site is accessible through Mekell to Freweyni Asphalt road
70.0 km long to reach the project area or to the site.

1.4.2. Topography

The general topography of the town is characterized as a mountainous and flat towards north of
the project area near the existing water reservoirs. According to the GPS location, the elevation
of the built-up area ranges between 2547.83m to 2656.236 m m.asl. Almost the entire rising
main is agricultural area.

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1.5. Methodology of the Study

As the study is detail engineering design report for the town’s water supply system, the following
methodologies are adapted;
 Collecting and analyzing data from respective bodies
 Community consultation with focal persons and visual observation
 Preparation of working drawings for the scheme components, etc.
 Community consultation with the beneficiaries and stake holders
 Discussion with Woreda administration and community representatives of the town.

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2. Existing Water Supply and Infrastructure

2.1 Existing Water Supply Condition

Water regardless of its quality is essential for life. Supply of good quantity and quality of safe
water is vital to the promotion of public health. It is the health person that can contribute in many
development efforts.

Freweyni town has an existing water supply system. However, the quantity of the water supplied
to the town is not enough furthermore the raising main from the booster station to the existing
25m3 pressure brake is delivered through 4” GIP while the water is delivered from 2 B.Holes
with discharge of 10.5 l/s and 3.0 l/s each therefore, the water produced from the bore holes is
not reached the town because of the small size of the pipe, in addition to this there is two types of
pipe size from the pressure break to the service reservoir which is 6” and 4” pipe sizes this makes
another problem for the system that the already existing source was unable to reach to the
community.

2.2 Existing Infrastructures

2.2.1. Economic Activities

Majority of the people in the town are driving their livelihood by different commercial activities
and by undertaking farming, therefore there are different commercial and institutional centres,
and small scale manufacturing and processors and other business service providers in the project
area, but this was not included in this report.

2.2.2. Social Services and Facilities

 Education

Formal and informal education is essential for human resource development of particular area.
Adoption of transfer of technology is facilitated with the increase rate of literacy, the number of
schools and its category is not also included in this report because this study and design is
already upgrading the existing resource.

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 Health and Sanitation

Health Situation

Health services are one of the important social infrastructure facilities required for the
development of the society. There are different health center giving service to the community in
the project area, but not included in this report.

 Telecommunication Service

Telecom service is one of the major means by which people interact with in and outside the town
for the different purpose. To this effect the town has modern communication network
telecommunication service and high frequency mobile. Hence the existing local and international
communications is believed to facilitate the business and development activity that is carried out
in the town.

2.2.3. Transportation

The project town is well accessible in all seasons by Asphaltl road of mekelle – freweyni, but the
raising main from the booster station to the service reservoir is not accessible with some of the
route is accessible while more than 50% the pipe route is not accessible.

2.2.4. Electric Power Supply

The project area has 24 hour hydroelectric power that is connected to national grid system.

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3. Design Criteria

3.1 General
In the cost effective method of design the step towards determining the most feasible water
supply system which satisfies the demand, the tariff to recover the operation and maintenance
cost should be within the affordable limit of the community.

To identify variable alternative projects for application, the water supply coverage shall be
estimated based on detail assessment and analysis of the system. In project identification phase,
it will be necessary to identify the system deficiencies and estimate cost of investment required
to bring the water supply system up to the beneficiaries. To facilitate this process and provide a
basis for estimating costs, list of technology options should be prepared for functional elements
of a water supply system and combining these functional elements in different permutations.

The functional elements considered for purpose of generating technology are:

 Source of water supply;

 Mode of access;
 Source of power for water lifting’
 Transmission main requirement;
 Clean water storage requirement, and
 Distribution system

However, in formulation of different technology options, the following points should be fulfilled.

1. The water supply system has to supply a minimum of the demand required per day
related to the national goals;
2. The water quality must comply with the national water quality guidelines;
3. The two-way walking distance to collect water should not be more than 1.0km; and
4. The mode of water abstraction must not be risk contamination of the source.

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3.2 Design Horizon

The design period is one of the main design parameters in a water supply project. Hence, water
supply projects must meet the water demand requirements of the consumers for a specific period
of years.

In order to minimize the risk of developing a project with too high tariffs for the consumers, it is
better to phase the construction of structures for large projects. For the case of this project, as it
is up grading of the existing raising main design period is not considered or fixed. Therefore, in
any water supply system design the demand projection strategy is proposed to be based on
design period as explained in the next Table 3. 1.

Table 3. 1:-Year of demand projection

Year of project Existing situation

5 years projection Short-term development
10 -15 years projection Medium- term development
20 years projection and above Long-term development

Besides to the above points it is important to know the useful and economic life time of the civil
and electromechanical components of systems. This will also assist us in preparing cost effective
design and phasing out of the construction works considering the design periods in order to
design reliable system. The design periods of most of different components of any water supply
system is summarized in the next Table 3. 2 below.

Table 3. 2:- Design Life for Major Components

Civil Mechanical and

Descriptions (Years) Electrical (Years)

Masonry Structures 25
Boreholes in Hard Rocks 25
Boreholes in Limestone 15
Pumping Stations 50 15
Service Reservoirs – Concrete 50 15
Service Reservoirs – Steel 20 15
Ductile Iron Pipes 40 -

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Steel Pipes 40 -
Pipe line and Fittings - 25
Buildings 50 -

Source: Design criteria MoWR (2006)

3.3 Population and Domestic Demand

3.3.1. Population Growth Rate

In order to predict the future water demand of a community it is important to know the existing
population and its growth rate. CSA gives region specific five year growth rates to be used for
design purposes. However, for the case of this the CSA data is not easily available to get
separate population data. Hence, the regional average growth rate of 2.5% is adopted for design
purpose, but population forecasting is not necessary for this project being it is upgrading.

. Population projections

In predicting the future water demand of a community its population should be known. Based on
this, the future water demand of the project the water supply system will be designed for the
specified design period, there are different methods to determine future population and the
following formula are the most widely used to forecast the future population for the year for the
specified design period in target determined. Graphical method or exponential method

P=Po (e) rt

Where: P = projected population

Po= current population
e= the base of the natural logarithm (2.72)
t=difference in years for projection
r = Population growth rate in decimal form.

i. Geometric model method

n
 r 
Pn  po 1  
 100 

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ii. Arithmetic increase method

Pn = P0 (1+ r n)

Where: for ii and iii,

Where, Pn = population at the end of the forecast period
Po = population at the beginning of the period
r = Rate of annual growth
n = period for which forecast is required

Comparing the three modes of growth as indicated in the above equations i, ii, and iii, the
geometric model gives medium population growth and water use. Hence, the geometric growth
model method is adopted for design purpose of this project.

3.3.2. Estimation of per capita water demand

The estimation of water demand for the sizing of any water supply system or its component is
the most important part of the design methodology. Thus, the per capita water demand for
various demand categories varies depending on the size of the site and the level of development
(i.e. the type of the water supply scheme, the socio-economic conditions and the climatic
condition of the area). The per capita water demand is based on the guide line and special
conditions for the urban and rural area. That is, the per capita water demand is categorized based
on the three modes of services in which an individual can be served:

Public tap users= 25 l/c/d

Yard Connection owned= 30 l/c/d
House connection users= 50 l/c/d

For the case of this particular water supply system since it is existing no specific demand is considered.

3.3.3. Adjustment for climate and socio-economic conditions

The domestic demand shall be factored for climatic & socio-economic conditions of a specific
area. Hence, the values of the average per capita domestic water demand established above
should be factored for climatic changes & socio-economic conditions using the Ministry of
Water Resources’ climate factors guidelines shown below in Table 3. 4 .

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Table 3. 3: Climatic adjustment factors

Mean annual
Group ppt(mm) Factor
A 600 or less 1.1
B 601 - 900 1
C 901 or more 0.9

Table 3. 4: Adjustment due to socio-economic conditions

Group Description Factor

A Towns enjoying high living standards and with very high potential 1.10
development
B Towns having a very high potential for development but lower 1.05
living standards at present
C Towns under normal Ethiopian conditions 1.00
D Advanced Rural town 0.90

3.3.4. Adjusted domestic Water Demand

The total demand found after the socio-economic and climate adjustment factors are applied on
the total domestic water demand stated so far is called adjusted domestic water demand. Thus,
the adjusted climatic and socio-economic factor are selected from the above table and applied to
the average demand and considered for design purpose.

3.3.5. Non-domestic water demand

Non-domestic water use occurs in industry, agriculture; institutions etc. Hence, the non-domestic
water demand of this project is based on the actual data collected from the woreda /town
representative body or administration. Thus, the water demand is adopted based on the actual
data obtained from the study area. Similarly, the life stock water demand for the area is also
determined from the actual data obtained.

3.3.6. Unaccounted- for Water (UFW) or Non-Revenue (NRW)

Unaccounted-for water (UFW) represents the difference between "net production" (the volume
of water delivered into a network) and "consumption" (the volume of water that can be

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accounted for by legitimate consumption, whether metered or not).Non-Revenue (NRW) is the

difference between the volumes of water delivered into a network and billed authorized
consumption. Usually UFW (water losses) arises from the system when there is a leakage in the
pipes and un-metered usage such as flushing main, firefighting, cleaning treatment plants,
wastage at the public points and other unauthorized connections. Therefore, some allowance
must be made in the design for water losses. For design purpose tentative value for loss as
percentage in different age and different size of distribution network can be used. Thus, the base
line for estimation of the UFW was taken the data collected in the area from 5 to 10%. For the
case of this study 10% was adopted.

3.3.7. Average Day Demand

Average day demand is taken the sum of adjusted domestic demand, non-domestic demand, and
other demands like livestock and institutional water demands. The Total Average Day Demand
is obtained by adding the % of water loss considered to the average day demand.

3.3.8. Peak/Maximum Day Factor (PDF)

The water demand varies from day to day depending on the season (dry and rainy season). The
maximum water demand is the highest demand of any day/period over a specified year. The
maximum demand is determined by multiplying the peak day factor by the average daily
demand.

Thus, from the previous study and experience in similar projects, as no records of seasonal
peak water demand are available for the project area; the PDD= 1.2 factor is adopted for
design.

3.3.9. Peak Hour Factor (PHF)

The peak hour demand is the highest demand of any one hour of the average daily demand (i.e. it
is determined by multiplying the hourly peak factor and average daily demand). Peak hour
demand depends largely on the system, mode of service and social activities. Since, the people in
most villages use water during the day time especially at mid-day the live stocks use water.

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However, if there are no records of hourly water demand coefficient in the project area the
hourly distribution of the total average water demand depends on community sizes, social
structure and occupation profile, percentage of domestic and industrial/commercial demand, etc.

Usually, the maximum ratio between the maximum water demand and average water demand
range as indicated in Table 3. 5, and a value which is appropriate to population of the project
intarget is selected and applied for the design of the water supply system.

Table 3. 5: Peak Day Factors and maximum day factor

Settlement category Maximum-day factor Peak-hour factor

Rural (<2,000) 3–4

Small towns (2,000 – 10,000) 1.2 2.5 – 3.0
Medium towns (10,000 – 50,000) 1.15 1.8 – 2.2
Large towns (50,000 – 80,000) 1.1 1.5 – 1.8
Very large towns (> 80,000) 1.5
Source: The World Bank Issue Paper Volume I for project design, Final Report: main report (May 2003)

3.4 Water Supply System Component Design

The water supply components which distribute the water from the source to the consumers must
have standard limits of water quality with affordable cost. Thus, the following components will
be included in the design.

3.4.1. Flow Measurements

Flow meters should be capable of measuring and recording the water quantity. It is
recommended that a flow meter should be provided from the starting point to the water points.
Therefore, a number of flow meters will be provided at the following points;

 At the outlet of each pumping stations and

 At the outlet of service reservoirs and water points

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3.4.2. Location of Valves and Chambers

 Air valves will be installed at all high points with respect to the existing land profile and
hydraulic gradient. Washout chambers will be installed at all low points.

 Check-valve is to be installed and secured at the outlet of the borehole and booster
stations and at every gradual change of slopes which is assumed the back water will creat
problem the system or to the pipe line.

 Gate valves will be provided at junction place, of the main junctions of the distribution
system and out lets of the sources.

3.4.3. Pump and power supply

Pumps are links that impart energy to a fluid there by raising its hydraulic head. Pumps are to be
selected to transfer water from any water level in the borehole to the collection chamber and then
to service reservoir, by overcoming possible friction losses.

 When pumping against the maximum head, the duty point of pump shall coincide with its
maximum efficiency.

 The pump curve must be sufficient steep to avoid discharge increase, hence, increase in
power requirement, from the nominal value.

 The selected pump shall be free of cavitation at all time.

 The pump is to be provided with non-return valve, isolating valve, air valve, pressure
gauge, flow meter, and pressure relief valve.

3.5 Other Technical Criteria

3.5.1. Boreholes

Based on the hydraulic parameters obtained from pump tastes, i.e. safe yield, aquifer depth and
characteristics, the well design, the number of wells required, the size of pumps e.t.c. will be
determined. Proper wellheads to safeguard the well from pollution and an inspection system shall
be incorporated

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3.5.2. Pumping Station

The pumping station should be designed to accommodate all the pumps required in addition to a
standby generator to serve when power failure occurs. The pump and generator foundations
should be designed to the required strength.

3.5.3. Transmission/Gravity Mains

Rising transmission main from source to treatment plant or service reservoir is designed for the
maximum day demand. The number and diameters of transmission pipes is determined primarily
on the basis of economic considerations, comprising either a single large diameter pipe of
sufficient capacity up to the final planning horizons or several parallel pipes of smaller diameter,
installed at intermediate horizon. The economic analysis takes into account the cost of pipe and
energy to determine its Alternative diameter. In case a working or static pressures that are higher
than advisable in relation to pump capacities or pipe pressure ratings happen in the rising
transmission main, booster stations are considered. Design velocity in the transmission and or
gravity pipelines will be with minimum velocity of 0.5 m/s and maximum velocity of 2.0 m/s for
economical operation of the system.

3.5.4. Water storage/Water Reservoir

Operational reservoir(s) should be provided to command a distribution system, located at

elevation(s) providing the required pressure for water flow within the system. They should have
sufficient storage to cover the difference between hourly peak demand and actual supply from
the source, firefighting demands if to be allowed for, and for a limited emergency volume in case
of power breakdown, repairs or O&M activities however no reservoir is determined or the
requirement of the reservoir was not the assignment of this report.

 Types of Reservoirs

There are different types of reservoirs and the main types are as follows :

 Underground,
 Ground level or
 Elevated (water towers).

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 Reservoir location

A reservoir location should maintain the desired pressure range in the supply network. Possible
future extension of the storage capacity should be taken into consideration when selecting a site.

 Reservoir equipment

Reservoirs should be provided with the following accessories:

 Inlet Line

The size of the inlet line is determined by the supply and demand requirements. The inlet line on
all reservoirs must have a shut-off valve located adjacent to the reservoir.

 Outlet or Discharge Line

Like the inlet line, the size of the outlet line is determined by the supply and demand
requirements. The upstream-end of the outlet pipe is usually installed at least 5 cm, above the
floor of the reservoir to create a dead volume of water. This dead volume of water at the bottom
of the reservoir acts as settling zone, where particles are allowed to settle and kept from entering
the water distribution line. These dead volumes of water are drained via a drainage pipe. The
outlet line must also have a shut-off valve located adjacent to the reservoir.

In floating-on-the-line reservoirs, there is only one inlet and outlet line.

 Drain Line

This is provided for draining and cleaning the reservoir. Draining could be done through the
inlet–outlet line by shutting off the valve controlling the flow in the main line and opening the
drain valve. To facilitate cleaning, the floor of the reservoir is sloped towards the drain.

 Ventilation facilities

These are provided in reservoirs to allow the air to escape fast enough to prevent pressure from
building up inside the reservoir during filling, and to prevent a vacuum from forming when water
is being drawn out. The ventilation facilities should be designed to keep rain and surface water

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from entering, and they should be screened to keep out insects. Overflow and drainage pipes
should be designed with a valve chamber to prevent rodents from entering the reservoir.

 Overflow Line

Reservoirs should be provided with an overflow line large enough to allow the maximum
anticipated overflow (pump or spring capacity) and should be properly screened and covered like
an air vent.

 Manholes and Covers

These are installed in reservoirs to serve as entrance during repair, cleaning and maintenance. To
prevent the entry of surface water which may contain pollutants, manholes should be installed
slightly raised above the roof level and must be equipped with an overlaying cover. The cover is
also necessary to prevent the sun’s rays from promoting algae growth.

 Control Valves:

The use of reservoir control valves will depend on the type of controls and means of operation to
be employed for the system. The flow into the reservoir may be stopped manually or
automatically by a float valve, pressure switch or equivalent device.

 Ladder

To reach the top of the reservoir and then to the bottom of the reservoir internal and external laders
must be provided for inspection and cleaning.

 Determination of capacity of Reservoir

In order to provide for security of supplies above the need for balancing purposes it is
recommended that the minimum total reservoir storage capacity be in the range of 30% to 50% of
the average daily demand, thus the capacity of the service reservoir can be determined:-
 If there is a measured hourly water demand data in water supply utility offices, the
mass curve from water consumption rates and pumping supply rates may be used.

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 The capacity can be analytically determined by finding out maximum cumulative sur
plus during the stage when pumping rate is higher than water consumption rate to this
maximum cumulative deficit
Since the project area is existing and it is intended to upgrade the raising main from booster
station to the service reservoir therefore new reservoir is not determined.

 Metering Provision for metering should be made according to the following criteria:

 at the outlets of springs,

 for individual tube wells,
 at the outlets of treatment works or well field pumping stations,
 at the outlets of distribution reservoirs,
 For all consumers and pubic taps.

 Site of the Storage Tank

In the selection of the site for storage tanks, first priority should be given to natural elevated
places. If the elevated storage tank is to be constructed in a flat area, it may be built central to the
distribution system or opposite the source. This is to avoid long and consequently large- diameter
service mains.

3.5.5. Distribution system

The distribution network is designed for the peak hourly demand. The minimum pipe size to be
considered for primary and secondary network is DN32mm. Distribution systems should be
planned with either one large diameter pipe suitable for the final planning horizon, or multiple
smaller diameter pipes installed at various intermediate planning horizons. An economic analysis
should be carried out to determine the cheapest solution. The operating pressures in the
distribution network shall be minimum 7m maximum 70m. For the case of this study for rural
areas which doesn’t expect high building 5m is also enough at the water points.

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3.5.6. Velocity and Head loss

The design of the distribution network shall be such that the minimum velocity of flow in
pipelines during peak hour shall be not less than 0.5 m/s and the maximum velocity not greater
than 2 m/s. Head loss is related to velocity and pipe roughness. The maximum head loss with
therefore be governed by the maximum velocity criterion. It is preferred not to exceed 5m/km of
head loss gradient.

3.5.7. Public Fountains

Public fountains will be located to ensure that each customer will be within 1000 meters walking
distance. In addition each public fountain should serve from 150 to 200. Each fountain will be
fitted with four-water taps and water meter and shall be located within a secure compound. The
definitive spacing and location of public taps should be determined in collaboration with the
served community taking into consideration the operating hours and the number of faucets per
installation.

3.5.8. Selection of Pipe Materials and Type

The following materials will normally be selected, taking into consideration useful lifetime,
leakage levels and maintenance requirements. The type of pipe material to be selected shall
depend on:
 Characteristics of the soil
 Chemical nature of the water
 Cost of the pipe
 Types of Crossings/fittings

Hence, for this particular project considering the cost and workability of the area HDPE pipe is
selected for transmission as well as distribution system.

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4. Planning

4.1 Design Period

The design period plays the most important role in the overall design of the water supply system.
There are many factors that have to be taken in to consideration when determining the design
period of the plant, such as:

 Development of new technology in water supply system,

 future changes in drinking water quality requirements,
 Reliability of population forecasting, estimation of water demand and source of raw
water.

4.2 Population
No population forecasting is done for this particular project.

4.3 Water demand

Water supply is the total amount of water provided which includes overall water demand and
loss. That is the overall water demand for project area includes water use for the community,
institution, and for livestock population, however no water demand calculation is done.

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5. Proposed water supply system

5.1 Background

The proposed water supply system is utilizing Ground water as a source of water. To satisfy the
water demand of the population the existing raising main which was 4” GIP was used to deliver
water from booster station which collects water from tow bore holes with yield of 10.5lt/s and
3.0lt/s to 25m3 pressure break tank and around 4000 meter pipe line with two types of pipe sizes
(6”& 4”) GIP the water was delivered to the service reservoir which needs upgrading with new
pipe size having 160mm HDPE from existing booster station to the existing 25m3 pressure
break tank and 200mm HDPE from pressure break tank to service reservoir water will flow
through gravity having around 4000m length of pipe line.

The activity in detail consists of: determination of pump capacity, power generating unit,
generator and guardhouse at borehole, design of raising main.

5.2 Hydraulic Calculation for the proposed activities

5.3 Pumps and Transmission line

There will be one submersible or surface pump at the existing booster station that will pump the
water from the existing booster station with 13.5l/s discharge to the existing 25m3 pressure
brake tank (reservoir). Therefore there will be new pump at the existing booster station and
160mm HDPE rising main from booster station to the pressure break tank and 200mm HDPE
pipe is also required rom the pressure break tank to the service reservoir.

A. Design of raising main

The raising main diameter is sized for the peak day demand of inhabitants, but this project is
existing system so the design is done based on the existing water resource available at hand
(13.5lt/s).

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Design of raising main form booster station to the pressure break tank

Design of Economic pipe Diameter

The first trial for economical diameter (D,m) is given by

D = 0.97 to 1.2 Q

Where, Q= design discharge in m3/s

D= diameter of pipe (m)

The basic assumption made in designing the rising main are:

The running time of the pump is 12hr per day

Q, from the BH = 13.5 l/s

The economical size of pipe will be:

D=1.1*Q ½................................................................................................... (5. 1)

Where Q is in m3/s

D =1.1*(13.5*10-3)1/2=0.127808 m=127.808mm, Take HDPE pipe of Φ160mm from booster

station to pressure break tank.

The velocity through the raising main

The flow velocity should not be scouring and create abrasive effects at the inner walls of the
pipes (i.e. 0.5m/s -2m/s). The average velocity through the pipe can be computed by:

Checking the velocity through the raising main

Q 4Q
V  ...................................................................................... (5. 2)
A D 2

Where Q=discharge on pipe in cubic meter per second.

D=Diameter in meters

V= 4Q/3.14D^2 =4*(13.5/1000)/3.14*0.1308^2 = 1.01

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0.5m/s < 1.01 m/s < 2m/s ----------------------- OK!

Head losses

Loss in transmission main is recommended as 5-15m/km. There are different formulas to find
out the coefficient ‘f’ in water pipe line. Head loss (hf) of pipe line is also expressed as a function
of internal diameter, length of the pipe line and the flow velocity in the pipe line by the general
formula (Darcy-Weisbach Equation or Hazen Williams Equation).

Using Hazen William formula

V  0.355C h * D 0.63 * I 0.54 and

I  10.67C h
1.85
* D  4.87 * Q 1.85 ........................................... (5. 3)

Where, V= flow velocity (m/s)

Ch= friction coefficient related to the pipe material condition (take Ch=140 for HDPE)

D = diameter of pipe

I =hydraulic gradient

Q= flow through pipe (m3/s)

Table 5. 1:- Head loss using Hazen William formula

checking for head loss & velocity

Diameter mino
r loss
Q(m3/s V(m/ total
pipe c I L(m) hf loss( (m/k Remark
mm m ) s) loss,Hf
5%hf m)
)
raising Main -2
(booster- 130.8 0.131 0.0135 0.0080 0.96 6710 53.43 2.67 56.1 8.36 safe
P.B.tank) 140 ok
Total Hf = 56.1

Therefore, from the above table the velocity and the hydraulic gradient are within the limit.

Darcy-Weisbach Equation

fLV 2
Hf  .................................................................................................................. (5. 4)
2 Dg

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Where, V= flow velocity

L= length of the pipe (6764m)

D= diameter of pipe (OD =180mm)

t= for180 with 16bar, t=16.4 mm, so nominal D=0.147.mm

K= absolute roughness for HDPE pipe=0.02-0.05mm, K=0.04mm

f= coefficient of surface resistance

1/√ (f) =-2log [(5.1286/Re0.89) +(k/3.7D)= ............................................(5. 5)

Re=VD/µ=

µ=497*10^-6/(T+42.5)1.5, T=250c

Table 5. 2:-Darcy-Weisbach formula (General formula)

Darcy-Weisbach formula (General formula) Raising

head loss, hf = (f*L*V^2)/2g*D 71.42
f = 0.035*(1 +(1/35D)) 0.03
total head loss, Hf = hf + minor loss (5%hf) 74.54

The velocity and hydraulic gradient is within the limit.

Comparing the two equations Darcy-Weisbach Equation and Hazen Williams Equation, the
larger head loss is considered for safety. Thus, Hf is taken 74.54 m for design purpose (including
minor loss).

Minor losses

The head losses through the pipeline including all fittings and bends are taken to be 5% of the
friction head losses.

Therefore, by considering pump capacity and loss in pipe, it is recommended for the diameter to
be 160mm HDPE pipe for the raising main from the booster out let outlet to the new pressure
break tank or water reservoir.

Total Head

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The total head (pump head) is the sum of all the head losses along the pipe line and the elevation
difference between the pump position and the Reservoir (static head).

Total pump head, Hp = Static head (Hs) + total head loss (Hf)

Static Head, Hs= WR elev. - (source el- pump pos)

WR inlet 2658.91 m
source el. 2547.83 m
Elevation
d/ce 110.08 m

TDH = Hs + Hf + pump position 166.19 (Hazen)

187.83 (Darcy/general)
Therefore TDH(m) = 188.0

5.4 Pumps and Power Supply

Pumps are links that impart energy to a fluid there by raising its hydraulic head. Pumps are to be
selected to transfer water from the collection chamber and then boosting to service reservoir or
any scheme at higher elevation, by overcoming possible friction losses. The following are some
of basic points about pumps.

When pumping against the maximum head, the duty point of pump shall coincide with its
maximum efficiency.

The selected pump shall be free of cavitation at all time.

The pump is to be provided with non-return valve, isolating valve, air valve pressure gauge, flow
meter, and pressure relief valve.

Data used for selection of pump capacity and generator

In designing pump type and fixing its capacity, the following data are required.

 From booster station to existing 25m3 water reservoir

Total Head required to lift the pump, H=188.0m

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Efficiency of pump and motor (ηp and ηm)=0.8 and 0.7≈ ηo=0.56

The capacity of the pump is a function of head and the discharge

gQH
P
o

1000 * 9.81 * 0.001 *13.5 *152.3

  33.61 kW. ≈ 34 kw
0.7 * 0.8

Therefore, It is recommended electrical submersible pump with capacities of Q=13.5 l/s and
H=188.0m from source (booster station) to pressure break tank including head loss.

Water hammer

If a valve in a pipeline is suddenly closed the water immediately upstream is brought to an abrupt
Stop and compressed by the momentum of the upstream water column. This results in a sudden
large increase in pressure which propagates as a positive pressure wave at the speed of sound in
water; noise made on reflection of this wave is known as water hammer, this water hammer
causes bursting of the pipe therefore the water hammer has to within the pressure limit of the
selected nominal pressure of the material.

Water hammer competition for Rising main (from source to Break tank)
Available data
Length of pipe from source to WR(L,m) 6764.00
Flow velocity in pipe(Vo,m/s) 0.76
Diameter of pipe(m) 0.147
Actual time of closure (T,sec) 20
Density of water(w,kg/m3) 1000
Acceleration due to gravity(g,m/s2) 9.8
Nominal thickness of pipe(t,m) 0.0146
Balk modules of water(Kw,kg/m2) 2.07E+08
2
Modules of pipe material(Ep,kg/m ) 1.12E+08
Velocity of sound wave in water(Vs,m/s) 1433
Working pressure at point of consideration(kg/cm2) 15.2
Maximum pressure limit of pipe(Kg/cm2) 16

Computation
The maximam value of water hammer(Ph,max.kg/m2) is compute by
Ph,max = w/g x Up x V0

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Where Up =Vs/{1+Kw/Ep x d/t}0.5

3.42E+02
= 3.34E+04 Kg/m2
= 3.34 Kg/cm2
The actual value of water hammer(Ph),should be less than the maximum pressure limit of pipe
and compute by Ph= Ph,max x Tc/T
Where Tc= 2 x L/Up
= 3.92E+01
= 6.56E+00 Kg/cm2
The pressure due to water hammer and working pressure will be
= 17.37 safe

Therefore, PN 20 HDPE PE 100 φ160mm is selected which is within the standard nominal
pressure limit for the raising main of the system with the safety factor of the pipe.

The power supply will be provided by Electric motors connected to Grid and diesel engines to be
provided as standby power

Power Supply (Options)

This source can be pumped to the service reservoir by different lifting mechanisms. Among them

I. Diesel driven generators

II. Electric Power Supply
III. Solar pumps

For this particular project a diesel riven generators is proposed as a standby power and will be
fully implemented until the grid electrical power is connected to the water supply project since is
it is only 500- 700 m long form the grid line.

I. Stand-by Generator Sizing For the Pumping Station

In designing of the diesel generator the following assumptions are considered:

1. The proposed motor starting method is star-delta starting system.

2. Typical starting power for star-delta starting system is taken as 2.5 x rated FLA
3. Considering sequential starting of motors, and by starting the biggest motor first and

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other small loads later, the stand by generator is sized using the following empirical formula:-

S = ( ∑P + 2.5(Pm))
Where, ∑P – is the sum of other loads,
Pm – is the biggest motor load

So that, to maintain continuous power supply during power failure, 28 KVA standby Diesel
generator is selected to supply power for three pump motors and other station loads of Freweyni
town pump station

II. Transformer Sizing for the Station (Electric Power Supply).

Transformer for the station is sized taking in to consideration its impact withstanding capability
of motor loads and also by considering of 1.3 safety factors. Sizing of transformer capacity is
contractor's responsibility based on equipment ratings to be supplied and starting method to be
adapted.

5.5 Service Reservoirs

5.6.1. Water Reservoir

Even though there is a request from the towns water utility office for additional 400 m3 service
reservoir, but the analysis to determine the requirement of additional service reservoir is not done
as it needs socio economic data and this expert was not included in the team, so the newly
proposed raising main will be connected to the existing service reservoir (110+100+200) m3 with
a total capacity 410 m3 sandwich type ground reservoir.

5.6 Gravity and distribution Lines

The gravity line conveys water from the reservoirs to the junctions of the distribution.

The distribution system is skeletonized and represented with the primary distribution lines. However this
report does not included the distribution furthermore the distribution work was not included in the
assignment

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Table 5. 3:- raising main from Pressure break tank to service reservoir (Gravity flow)

Hydra
L( hf Elevat
Point Diameter Q C V(m I hf Hf ulic Net
m) minor ion
/s) level Head
Exter thickn Nomi Rema
m l/s m3/s
I II nal ess nal rk Hl
2646.6 m/m
PBT mm mm mm
3 M

3639

2535.12
200m3WR

2603.32
0.0165

0.0113
130.8

0.131

41.25
PBT

14.6

16.5

1.20

2.06

43.3

69.0

11.9
Ok!
160

140

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5.7 Auxiliary Buildings

Generator and Guard house at borehole

Generator and Guard house with 5.5m X 7.4m size is recommended to construct at the bore
holes.

Guard house at service reservoir

Guard house with 3m X 4m size is recommended to construct at the water reservoir.

office for water committee

An office for the water committee of the community will be constructed having 5.7 X
11.1 meter dimension that comprises office, store with toilet and shower and this building
will be built on a compound having a dimension of 20 X20m including guard house for
the office.
Fence

In order to keep the sustainability of the water supply components a fence is recommended to
construct at the pump station, water reservoir and water points.

Access road

There is access road for the booster station, but the entire raising main is not accessible.

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6. The Implementation Programme

6.1 Construction Components & Contract Schedule

The water supply expansion schemes of Freweyni town will be implemented in one phases. All
of the civil works of the proposed system will be carried out at the start of the project. The
construction activities that are going to be implemented at this stage are described here under:

 Construction of generator and guard house

 Construction of Raw Water Transmission from ex-booster station to ex- pressure break
tank (DN 160mm HDPE pipe).
 Construction of raising main from ex-pressure break tank to ex- service reservoir with
200 mm HDPE pipe line of length 4000m.
 Construction of valve chambers, water points.
 Construction of thrust/anchor blocks.

6.2 Construction Stage

 The implementation of Freweyni town water supply project is estimated to take 8 months
from date of award of contracts.
 Supply of pipes & fittings shall be supplied at the start of the civil contract.
 The electromechanical work shall be also well coordinated with the civil work to ensure
timely installations of electromechanical equipment & commissioning.

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7. Conclusions and recommendations

7.1 Conclusion

Freweyni town is found in eastern zone of Tigray Region, at Saesie Tsaeda Emba woreda. The
water Demand for the town is not yet forecasted as this design report and work is mainly on
upgrading of the existing raising main from existing booster station to the existing service
reservoir. Hence, the water source and the capacity of the service reservoir is not accessed or not
included, so further detail work is required to determine the quantity of water and the capacity of
service reservoir required for the town comparing the standard requirement for the community
until the end of the specified design period.

Finally plan of implementation is also prepared in the report. Implementation of the system will
take not greater than 8 months after award.

7.2 Recommendation

From the base line study assessments in the project area the following recommendation can be
drawn.

 The different river crossing especially those which passes buried which are wide
located at raising main needs carful supervision and construction

 It is recommended to construct valve chambers at the branches of the sub mains of

junctions and posts at every 300m interval in the transmission main and bends.
 During constructing of the reservoir intensive supervision must be taken in order to
avoid leakage, missing of necessary fittings like vent pipe, over flow, washout and
other necessary fittings as indicated in the drawing. In addition to this, the reservoir
should be washed twice a year. This helps to avoid water borne diseases which comes
from bio films, excess use of chlorine disinfection.
 Wash out and air release valve devices should be installed in pressure line when it
crosses depressions and summit points.

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List of references
 Previous Water Supply Design Reports of water supply in the Region
 Technical Design Standard for Tigray Region
 Design guide line of Urban Water Supply Design Criteria of Ministry of Water Resources ,
MoWR (2006),
 Introduction to Urban Water Distribution, Taylor and Francis group, 2006
 DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY PIPE NETWORKS (Prabhata K. Swamee and Ashok K.
Sharma, 2008)
 JICA water supply designs manual
 Similar studies from internet

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BOQ

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Summary cost of Freweyni Water Supply Project

S.N Summar
o Description y Cost
1 General Items
2 guard house at pressure break/collection chamber
3 Supply and Installation of solar PV modulus and pump at Booster station
Supply and installation of Suction & delivery pipes and fittings at the Booster
4
station
5 Raising main From Booster station to existing Pressure Break tank
6 Raising main From Pressure Break Tank to existing service reservoir
7 50 m3 Masonry Sandwich Reservoir at booster Station (collection chamber )
Total cost (Birr)
15% VAT (Birr)
Total cost with VAT(Birr)

1- BOQ for General Items (Freweyni-WSP)

Unit Total
S.No Description Unit Qty.
Price Price
Mobilization of machinery, equipment, manpower,
1 1.00
tools and etc. Ls
Demobilization of machinery, equipment,
1 1.00
manpower, etc. Ls
Cleaning, Disinfecting and sterilizing with minimum of
1 150mg/l of hypo chloride for the laid pipe lines based on
specification m 1,712.00
Provide survey equipment and chain man to the
engineer, Survey and create a layout map for all pipe line
3
systems of the water supply system (for all components)
or as built drawing . Ls 1.00
Allow for sampling and quality control testing as
4
instructed by the engineer Ls 1.00
Supply and installation of fire extinguisher at generator
5
house with a capacity of 5Kg, class B pcs 1.00
Supply and installation of fire extinguisher at generator
6
house with a capacity of 5Kg, Class E pcs 1.00

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Give trainings including preparation of the operational

manual for the water committee and operators before site
handing over. The training is a Seven days training, two
7 days theoretical and five days practical. Price includes Ls 1.00
100 birr perdiam per day per person for seven persons
and other training facilities like tea, water and others.
The contractor should submit training report after the
completion of the training.

Making the project ready for commissioning or for

provisional acceptance accordingly the project
8
(especially the pump) should put in service for a Ls 1.00
continuous 8 hours per day for five days before the
date of provisional acceptance. Cost includes
manpower, fuel and other resource required to run
the commissioning work.
Dismantling the existing 4" and 6" Gip, valves and
fittings carefully collect , transport and submitted to
the towns utility office/store, cost includes
9 excavation (including demolishing of concrete m 10,349.24
manholes ), back filling with parent material for the
excavated trench , dismantling of pipes , fittings and
valves and other required materials , tools as well
man power required for the work
Total

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BOQ – 2: Guard House at collection chamber ( Frweyni Town WSP)

Unit.
S.No Description Unit Qty. Total Price
price
Earth work (the excavation work should
be carried out as per the actual site
1
condition as well as site engineer and
geologists approval)
Site clearing up to 20cm top soil
1.1 m2 20
including cutting of bushes
Excavation of trenches for foundation to
a depth of not exceeding 60cm starting
1.2 m3 1.68
from the reduced ground level for any
formation as directed by the engineer
Supply and compact approved selected
1.3 materials 350mm thick under floor with a m3 1.8
thickness not exceeding 15cm
25cm thick basaltic or equivalent stone
1.4 hardcore filling well rolled consolidated m2 12
and blinded with crushed stone.
Concrete work (Price includes the cost
of labor, equipment, supply of materials
2
as well as mixing, placing and curing plus
formwork )
10cm thick mass concrete foundation
2.1 m3 1.06
(1:2:4)
RCC Concrete C-20 in grade beams,
2.2 m3 1.58
columns, tie beams & lintels
Supply and fix reinforcement steel bars as
shown on the drawing and directed by the
2.3 engineer (Price shall include cutting. Kg 50
Bending, placing in position and tying
wires. ), dia. 6mm
Ditto but dia. 10mm for top tie beam,
2.4 Kg 90
intermediate beam & lintel
Ditto but dia. 12mm grade beam &
2.5 Kg 120
column,
3 Masonry Work and Hollow blocks

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50cm thick trachytic or equivalent roughly

dressed Stone masonry 20cm deep above
3.1 m3 1.68
& 40cm below ground for foundation wall
bedded in cement sand mortar (1: 3) ratio
C-15 concrete pavement around the Guard
house with 1m wide and 10cm thick.(price
includes all necessary activities to
3.2 m2 19.6
complete the work such as 15cm hard core
filling below the pavement, compaction,
placing)
Supply and construct 20cm thick hollow
concrete block wall bedded in cement
3.3 sand mortar 1:3 internally and externally m2 47
left for pointing.(class of H.C.B should be
class B")
Plastering with three coats (1:1,1:2 &1:3
3.4 mix) cement mortar for all internal m2 45
surface, beam, column
Plastering 1:2 &1:3 mix ratio and apply
3.5 final coat of tyrolen rendering in cement m2 46.6
sand mortar (1:3) to external wall surfaces
Apply floor screeding with cement mortar
3.6 m2 10.6
(1:2 mix)
Painting of smooth concrete surfaces :
undercoat and plastic emulsion paint for
3.7 m2 44
internal wall, external wall of column &
beam as ordered by the engineer
Carpentry work (All structural members
shall be well seasoned and free of harmful
4 defects. Each truss shall be painted anti-
termite solution and firmly fixed to R.C
beams with Dia. 6mm plain bars)
Supply and fix in position wooden
4.1 Eucalyptus truss member of 10-12cm at No 4
120cm c/c as per the drawing.
Supply and fix 70*50mm Zigba purlines
4.2 ml 20
spaced at 90cm c/c
Roof covering in G-30 corrugated
galvanized iron sheet fixed to zigba wood
purlins at c/c 90 cm with dome headed
4.3 m2 14
galvanized nails, purlin measured
separately and roof cover measured in
horizontal projection

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Supply and install G-28 galvanized iron

sheet gutter (development length of
4.4 100cm) welded at joints. provide 2% m 4
slope towards down pipe & shall include 3
coats of oil paint
Supply and install downpipe dia. of
110mm uPVC fixed to wall with metal
4.5 No 2
straps welded at joints towards to ground
& shall include 3 coats oil paint
Supply & fix 8mm thick chip wood
ceiling nailed to (4x5) cm Zigba wooden
battens at c/c 60cm on both side price
4.6 m2 12
includes 2*4 cm corner list & battens and
other necessary accessories.( chip wood
paint )
5 Metal works
Provide and fix metal door fabricated
from locally manufactured 1mm 2.8 LTZ
square steel profile price includes hinges,
cylindrical door locks of approved
5.1 No 1
quality,1mm thick flat or ribbed iron
sheet, one coats of antirust and two coats
of metal paint and other necessary
accessories. size 2.2*1.0m
Provide and fix two leaf metal windows
fabricated from locally manufactured
1mm 2.8 LTZ square steel profile price
includes hinges, cylindrical door locks of
5.2 approved quality,1mm thick flat or ribbed No 1
iron sheet, one coats of antirust and two
coats of metal paint and other necessary
accessories. Size height= 1.00m,
Wid=1.00m.
Miscellaneous (price includes all
activities such as excavation, back filling,
6
concrete, reinforcement bar and other
necessary activates to complete the work)
Supply and fix in position Electrical
appliances and accessories having
qualified standards including 2 (60W)
6.1 Ls 1
lamps, switches, sockets and 1.5mm
wiring system as shown on the drawings
and directed by the engineer.

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Construct drainage ditch 0.2m X0.2m

around the building including excavation
6.2 trimming earth slopes and back filling, m 18
masonry work (price includes plastering
of ditch)
Total cost for one

BOQ - 3 : Bill supply and install of solar powered surface pump set with PV modulus
and their important accessories at Booster station ( Freweyni water supply Project )

Unit
S/No Description Unit Qty. Total Price
price
Supply and installation of solar surface
pump set with all necessary accessories
such as volcanizing kit, two pair of pipe
2 clamps Q = 13.5 l/s, H = 188.0 pump set 1
motor power with pump efficiency at duty
point should be >70%, max diameter of
pump including cable should be≤143mm
Water level sensors, Fully Submersible,
Compact Ø <= 50 mm, protected Against
2.1 Power Surges from Lightning Strikes, to be Pcs 1
Submersed with the Borehole Pump or
Installed lat
PV Module /Solar Panel/ each panel have 390
2.2 Wp or above mono crystalline A-Grade with Pcs 288
all its cables and necessary accessories

Supply and Erection of 3 Phase 380V/400V

2.3 Solar Pump highbred inverter ( MPPT ) No. 1
45KW and above with accessories
2.4 PV disconnector for 63 HP Motor Set 1
2.5 Surge protector No. 1
Controller and DC breaker locker made of
2.6 LS 1
metal frame complete with limit switch
Supply and installation of Submersible Flat
Cable made of 99.9% copper, coated with
mete
2.7 double PVC as per BSS Standards, 3x35 100
r
mm2. from pump to Inverter to Change over
switch
mete
2.8 10 mm2 Single core cable for DC line 200
r

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 Tigray Water and Mines Bureau Freweyni WSP

mete
2.9 16mm2 single core Cable for earthening 100
r
Grounding copper earthing rod with clamp
2.1 No. 10
1.5m, 25mm2
Lightening arrestor with earthing wire,
2.11 adaptor and stand Set 1

Change Over switch with separate box and

2.12 limit switch suitable for 63 HP pump Set 1

Detail BOQ and Specification for Panel

Support steel Structures included in separate
2.13 Ls 1
folder together with this BOQ and
Specification.
Detail BOQ and Specification for Fencing
2.14 included in separate folder together with this LS 1
BOQ and Specification.

Detail BOQ and Specification for Gate (Door)

2.15 included in separate folder together with this LS 1
BOQ and Specification.
Detail BOQ, Specification, and key massage
for Visibility Sign Post included in separate
folder together with this BOQ and
Specification. Based on the given donor
2.16 massages, Logos in the standard and LS 3
specification, prepare and erect sign posts for
the visibility. The massage will be prepared in
English and local languages. BoQ,
Specifications
Transformer etc. with EEPCO , L=40m
3
from main EEPCO line To be Carried out by the Client

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 Tigray Water and Mines Bureau Freweyni WSP

BOQ - 4: Supply and installation of Suction & delivery pipes and fittings at the Booster
station (Freweyni. WSP)
S.No Suction Pipe and fittings unit Qty. unit price Total price
1 Suction
Double flanged GS pipe with puddle with gasket DN
1.1 1
100 PN10 pcs
1.2 Flanged foot valve with gasket DN 100 PN10 pcs 1
1.3 GS flanged strainer with gasket DN 100 PN10 pcs 1
1.4 Double flanged gate valve with gasket DN 100 PN10 pcs 2
1.5 GS blank flanged pcs 1
1.6 Dismantling joint with gasket DN 100 PN10 pcs 2
1.7 Double flanged elbow with gasket DN 100 PN10 pcs 2
Double flanged GS Eccentric reducer with gasket DN
1.8 2
100/80 PN10 pcs
1.9 Low pressure switch &pressure gauge with all accessory 2
pcs
Double flanged GS pipe with welding ½ inch threaded
1.1 2
socket pressure switch &pressure gage pcs
1.11 Short piece for manifold fitting pcs 2
1.12 All bolt and nut with all accessory set 1
2 Delivery
Double flanged GS concentric reducer with gasket DN
2.1 2
80/100 PN16 pcs
2.2 Double flanged gate valve with gasket DN 100 PN16 pcs 2
2.3 Dismantling joint with gasket DN 100 PN16 pcs 2
2.4 Double flanged elbow with gasket DN 100 PN16 pcs 2
2.5 Flanged tee with gasket DN 100 PN16 pcs 2
Enlarged flanged from 100to 150 pcs 2
2.6 All bolt and nut with all accessory set 1
3 Common delivery
Double flanged GS pipe with welding ½ inch threaded
3.1 1
socket pressure switch & 2inch pressure gage pcs
3.2 Double flanged gate valve with gasket DN 150 PN16 pcs 1
3.3 Double flanged check valve with gasket DN 150 PN16 pcs 1
3.4 Flanged water meter with gasket DN 150 PN16 pcs 1
3.5 Flanged elbow with gasket DN 150 PN16 pcs 1
3.5 Flanged short piece with gasket DN 150 PN16 pcs 4

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Flanged air release valve 2inch with gasket DN 150

3.6 1
PN16 pcs
3.7 high pressure switch &pressure gauge with all accessory 1
pcs
3.8 GS blank flanged DN 150, PN 16 pcs 1
3.9 All bolt and nut with all accessory set 1

BOQ - 5 : Raising Main from B.station to collection tank (Freweyni - WSP)

Uni Unit Total
S.No
Description t Qty. price Price
Earth work (the excavation work should be carried out
1 as per the actual site condition as well as site engineer
and geologists approval)

Site clearing 20cm top soil for 1.0 m width including

1.1 cutting of trees and Bushes. (N:B, Gully,river and
Rocky area is not included in site clearance) m2 6,710.
Excavation for pipe trenches in all formation
(hard,meduim and soft) up to a depth of 1m, and wide
1.2 = 0.60m.

• few meter of the route needs jack hamer m3 3,220.8

Back fill with selected material around the pipe and well
1.5 rammed in layers not exceeding 30cm (20cm above &
10cm below pipe). select material form quarry m3 1,207.8

Back fill with fine parent soil above the selected

1.6 2,013.0
material and well rammed in layers not exceeding 20cm.
m3 0

Supply and Installation of GIP, HDPE & fittings, all

pipes, valves, and fittings shall be designed and
manufactured for working pressure of 16 Bar, and
should be according to standards and specification.
2 (price includes bolt and nut, gasket, and other necessary
activities to complete the work including the worhs
required to laided HDPE pipe material and its fittings,
welding and as order by the engineer) all bolts and
nutts should be stainless steel

2.3
HDPE PE100 pipe of ɸ160 mm,PN 16 m 6,710.0
One side flanged Piece pipe 6'' L=0.5m
Pcs 3.00

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 Tigray Water and Mines Bureau Freweyni WSP

Bothe side flanged Piece pipe 6'' L=0.3m Pcs 2.00

Bothe side flanged Piece pipe 6'' L=1.2m
Pcs 2.00
Flanged Gate valve 6" PN20
Pcs 1.00
Flanged water meter 6" PN20 Pcs 1.00
Flanged Check valve 6" PN20
Pcs 1.00
o
Flanged Elbow (90 bend ) 6" PN20
Pcs 4.00
Flanged Enlarger 4'' to 6'' PN20
Pcs 1.00
2.4
Flanged Gate valve 6" Pcs 1.00
2.5 Flanged Check valve 6"
Pcs 1.00
2.6 flanged Water Meter,6"
Pcs 1.00
2.7 Flanged air release valve, 6" at the booster station Pcs
1.00
HDPE stub Flange 160mm,16bar with its backing
2.18
ring Pcs 12.00
2.30 6" nipples Pcs 6
2.31 6" union Pcs 6
2.32 Compression Elbow (180 mm X 180mm) Pcs 15
Miscellaneous (price includes all activities such as
excavation, plastering, backfilling, concrete,
3
reinforcement bar and other necessary activates to
complete the work and as ordered by the engineer) -

Supplying & installation of flanged air release valve at

locally peak point cost including all necessary
3.1 accessories, and man hole construction, No
excavation,plastering both internl and external face, all
other activity to complete the work ans as orderd by the
enginner . 8.00

Supplying & installation of flanged check valve cost

including all necessary accessories, and man hole
3.2 LS
construction, excavation,plastering both internl and
external face, all other activity to complete the work ans
as orderd by the enginner . 6.00

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Supplying & installation of 80mm washout valve at

locally low point including its all necessary accessories
and activity like excavation, back filling , masonry,
3.3 LS
plastering both internal and external faces ,as well as 6.00
manhole cover and all necessary activities and as
ordered by the engineer ,( equal size to the pipe line)

Construction of marker posts at every 300m interval as

3.4 No
ordered by the site engineer and as to the drawing 23.00

Construct with internal dimension of manholes

(1m*1m*0.8m) made of class "B" HCB wall with 1.3
ratio cement mortar joint, 1.25mm thick framed lockable
sheet metal cover (price includes excavation, trimming
3.5 of earth slopes and back filling, plastering to internal No
20.00
face with 5cm mass concrete and pointing to external
side , and having 15cm thick hard core of bottom slab,
5cm lean concrete above the hard core, anti-rust and 2
coats of enamel paint for the sheet metal cover)

Excavate and reinstate concrete encasement for road

crossing of C-20 having a dimension of
3.6 9m*0.8m*0.6m as indicated in the drawing (price LS
1.00
included all necessary like, excavation, back filling,
form work, etc) .

Dismantling of existing 4" Gip after completing lay of

the new pipe line connected to the service (after
3.7 commissioning) (from booster satiation - collection m
10,349.
chamber and to service reservoir. this will be done after
permission is given from the town's and /or bureau .

Total Cost

BOQ - 6 : Raising Main from collection Chamber to service reservoir (Freweyni - WSP)
Uni Unit Total
S.No
Description t Qty. price Price
Earth work (the excavation work should be carried
1 out as per the actual site condition as well as site
engineer and geologists approval)

Site clearing 20cm top soil for 1.0 m width including

1.1 cutting of trees and Bushes. (N:B, Gully,river and
Rocky area is not included in site clearance) m2 909.81 - -

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Excavation for pipe trenches in all formation (hard,

1.2 medium and soft) up to a depth of 1m, and wide = 1,746.8
0.60m. m3 4 - -
Back fill with selected material around the pipe and
well rammed in layers not exceeding 30cm (20cm
1.5
above & 10cm below pipe). select material form
quarry m3 655.10 - -
Back fill with fine parent soil above the selected
1.6 material and well rammed in layers not exceeding 1,091.7
20cm. m3 4 - -

Supply and Installation of GIP, HDPE & fittings,

all pipes, valves, and fittings shall be designed and
manufactured for working pressure of 16 Bar, and
should be according to standards and specification.
2 (price includes bolt and nut, gasket, and other
necessary activities to complete the work including
the works required to laded HDPE pipe material and
its fittings, welding and as order by the engineer) all
bolts and nets should be stainless steel
-

2.1 HDPE PE100 pipe of ɸ160 mm,PN 10, measured

from out let of the chamber m 1,110.0

2.2
HDPE PE100 pipe of ɸ160 mm,PN 16 m 2,529.2
2.3
Flanged Gate valve 6" Pcs 1.00
2.4 flanged Water Meter,6"
Pcs 1.00
2.5 Pcs
160 mm HDPE stub Flange with it backring 2.00
2.6 but welding elbow Elbow (160 mm X 160mm) Pcs 10
Miscellaneous (price includes all activities such as
excavation, plastering, backfilling, concrete,
3
reinforcement bar and other necessary activates to
complete the work and as ordered by the engineer) -

Supplying & installation of washout valve at locally

low point including its all necessary accessories and
activity like excavation, back filling , masonery,
3.1 LS
plastering both internal and external faces ,as well as 1.00
manhole cover and all necessary activities and as
orderd by the engineer ,( equal size to the plie line)

Construction of marker posts at every 300m interval

3.2 No
as ordered by the site engineer and as to the drawing 10.00

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Excavate and reinstate concrete encasement for

gravel road crossing with C-20 having a dimension
3.9 of 9m*0.8m*0.6m as indicated in the drawing (price LS
10.00
included all necessary like, excavation, back filling,
formwork,etc) .

3.9.1 foundation excavation in all formation m3 9.26

3.9.2 c- 20 concrete around the pipe m3 3.97

back fill with parent mateerial up to the top of the pipe

3.9.3 and with selected material above th pipe and the 20cm m3 5.29
gavel surface for the gravel road
Ø 14 reinforcement bar kg 65.22
Ø 8 reinforcement bar kg 39.77
3.10 Pipe supported river crossing (Type - 1)
3.10.1 foundation excavation in all formation m3 6.64
3.10.2 C - 20 concrete for the columns and footing m3 2.21
back fill with parent material m3 4.44
3.10.3 Ø 14 reinforcement bar kg 162.49
3.10.4 Ø 8 reinforcement bar kg 4.57
Total Cost

BOQ - 7 : 50m3 circular sandwich masonry Water Reservoir at booster station (Freweyni WSP)
Uni Unit. Total
No Qty.
Description t price Price
1 Earth work

1.1 Clearing of site to remove top soil to an average m2

depth of 20cm 52.8

1.2 Excavation of any formation for placing hard core m3

up to a depth of 60cm 18.1
Extra over items 1.2 for excavation in rock
1.3
provisional m3 9.1
Supply and compact approved selected material,
1.4 compacted well rammed in layers not exceeding
15cm thick m3 30.2

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Cart away and deposit excavated surplus material

1.5 to a distance not more than 500 m from site as
directed by the engineer m3 18.1
Concrete work (Price includes the cost of labor,
2 equipment, supply of materials as well as mixing,
placing and curing plus formwork ) and the
cement should be ordinary Portland cement (OPC)

2.1 10cm thick lean concrete under base slab 1:3:6 m3

mix ratio 3.0
3
2.2 10cm concrete between wall 1:1 1/2:3 mix ratio m 7.3
15cm roof slab including beam 1:1 1/2:3 mix
2.3 m3
ratio 8.3
3
2.4 20 cm floor slab 1:1 1/2:3 mix ratio m 6.0

Supply, cut bend and fix in position

2.5 reinforcement steel bars as shown on the drawing
and directed by the engineer
ɸ12mm kg 132
ɸ10mm kg 560
ɸ6mm kg 30
3 Masonry Work

40cm thick trachytic or equivalent finely dressed

3.1 stone elevation wall bedded in cement sand m3
mortar 1:3 internally & externally left for
pointing as indicated in the drawing 27.4
100cm thick basaltic stone hardcore filling well
3.2 rolled consolidated and blinded with crushed
stone. m2 30.2
4 Finishing work

4.1 3 coats plastering of 2.5cm thick for internal wall m2

with cement mortar of 1:3,1:2, & 1:1 mix ratio 169.2

4.2 Treating and finishing with cement rich (cement m2

and water mix) to the interior face 44.0

Pointing of external wall with 1:3 mix ratio (price

4.3 includes undercoat and plastic emulsion paint for m2
external beam as ordered by the engineer ) 62.0
4.4 Floor screed in cement mortar 1:1 mix ratio m2 19.6

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4.5 50mm thick cement screed for slope formation on

reservoir floor and roof slab m2 60.4
Miscellaneous (price includes all activities such
as excavation, back filling, concrete,
5
reinforcement bar and other necessary activates to
complete the work)

Supply and Install all pipe work for inlet, outlet,

over flow, wash out valves, ventilation ( price
5.1 Ls 1
includes 2 gate valves of the equivalent diameter
size, one water meter and other necessary
accessories according to the drawing)
Supply and fix in position access lockable 80X80
cm man hole cover with 1.25mm thick mild steel
5.2 No 1
seat frame and lockable cover on its own internal
frame
Supply and fix in a position of 1 1/2" GI pipe
5.3 external ladder that extends 50cm above the top Ls 1
slab
Supply and fix in a position of 1 1/2" GI pipe
5.4 internal ladder painted with anti-rust and 2 coats Ls 1
of enamel paint

Construct with internal dimension of manholes

(100X100X80cm) made of class "B" HCB wall
with 1.3 rito cement mortar joint, 1.25mm thick
5.5 framed lockable sheet metal cover (price includes Ls 2
excavation, trimming of earth slopes and back
filling, plastering 5cm mass concrete with 15cm
thick hard core of bottom slab, anti-rust and 2
coats of enamel paint for the sheet metal cover)
Supply and fix GS 28, 250mm wide water stop
5.6 around the circumference, (at every joint of wall LS 1
with grade beam and floor slab with grade beam
out let, drain etc as directed by the engineer -
Construct drainage ditch 0.2m X0.2m around the
reservoir including excavation trimming earth
5.7 m
slopes and back filling, masonry work (price
includes plastering of bottom slab) 25.8 -
C-15 concrete pavement around the water
reservoir with 1m wide and 20cm thick.(price
5.8 m2
includes all necessary activities to complete the
work such as hard core filling below the 6.3

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pavement , compaction, placing)

Fence Work (if ordered by the

6
Engineer/Client)

6.1 Excavate 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.8m for foundation

main gate m3 0.4

50cm thick hard trachytic semi dressed Stone

6.2 masonry wall for foundation (BNGL of 0.5m
deep) for main gate with 1:4 cement mortar (price
includes coping of the main gate) m3 0.3
6.3 ditto, but 2.5m finally dressed above NGL m3 1.0

Circular tube posts of Diameter 50mm x2.5mm

thick 2.5m high to be erect. Price shall include for
digging 30cm x30 x 50cm foundation pit &
6.4 filling with C-15 as indicated in the drawing NO 42
Supply and install approved quantity Barbed wire
to be fixed properly on the post. Eight rows in
horizontal direction and two diagonal rows
6.5 between the posts of 15m X 15m area as
indicated in the drawing. Price includes tying
wire and other activities to complete the work.
N.B. ml is length of the fence. ml 70
Supply and install 1.2m x 2.3m metal gate made
up of 25mm x 25mm RHS frame with lock
6.6 provided over 0.35m x 0.3m metal sheet as
shown on drawing. Price includes cutting,
welding and 2-coats of antirust paint. No 1

Total cost -

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DRAWING

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