Data Management

Definition

“Data Management is the development, execution, and supervision of

plans, policies, programs, and practices that deliver, control, protect,
and enhance the value of data and information assets throughout their
lifecycles.”
A Data Management Professional
• A Data Management Professional is any person who works in any
facet of data management (from technical management of data
throughout its lifecycle to ensuring that data is properly utilized and
leveraged) to meet strategic organizational goals.
• Data management professionals fill numerous roles, from the highly
technical (e.g., database administrators, network administrators,
programmers) to strategic business (e.g., Data Stewards, Data
Strategists, Chief Data Officers).
Data Management Principle
Data Management Principle (Cont.)
• It takes planning to manage data
• Data management is cross-
functional; it requires a range of
skills and expertise
• Data management requires an
enterprise perspective
• Data management must account
for a range of perspectives
 Data Management Principle (Cont.)
• Data management is lifecycle management
• Different types of data have different
lifecycle characteristics
• Managing data includes managing the risks
associated with data
• Data management requirements must
drive Information Technology decisions

• Effective data management requires

leadership commitment
Data Management Challenges
• Data differs from other assets
• Physical assets can be pointed to, touched, and moved around. They can be in
only one place at a time. However, data is not tangible.
• Data valuable
• The value of data is contextual (what is of value to one organization may not
be of value to another) and often temporal (what was valuable yesterday may
not be valuable today).
• Data quality
• If the data cannot rely on it to meet business needs, then the effort to collect,
store, secure, and enable access to it is wasted.
Data Management Challenges (Cont.)
• Planning for better data
• Planning for better data requires a strategic approach to architecture,
modeling, and other design functions. It also depends on strategic
collaboration between business and IT leadership.
• Metadata and data management
• Metadata is a form of data and needs to be managed. Organizations that do
not manage their data well generally do not manage their Metadata at all.
• Data management is cross-function
• Data management is a complex process. Data is managed in different places
within an organization by teams that have responsibility for different phases
of the data lifecycle
Data Management Challenges (Cont.)
• Establishing an enterprise perspective Data Lifecycle key activities
• Managing data requires understanding the
scope and range of data within an
organization.
• The data lifecycle
• To effectively manage data assets,
organizations need to understand and plan
for the data lifecycle.
Data Management Challenges (Cont.)
• Different types of data
• Data can be classified by type of data (e.g., transactional data, Reference
Data, Master Data, Metadata; alternatively category data, resource data,
event data, detailed transaction data) or by content (e.g., data domains,
subject areas) or by format or by the level of protection the data requires
• Data and risks
• Data can be misunderstood and misused.
• Data management and technology
• Effective data management requires leadership and commitment
The DAMA-DMBOK Framework
• DAMA : Data Management Association
• DAMA-DMBOK : DAMA’s Data Management Body of Knowledge
• DAMA-DMBOK Framework composes of
• The DAMA Wheel
• The Environment Factors hexagon
• The Knowledge Area Context Diagram
The DAMA Wheel
The DAMA Wheel 11 components
• Data Governance
• Data Quality
• Data Architecture
• Data Modeling & Design
• Data Storage & Operations
• Data Security
• Data Integration & Interoperability
• Document & Content Management
• Reference & Master Data
• Data Warehousing & BI
• Metadata Management
The DAMA Wheel (Cont.)
• Data Governance provides direction and oversight for data
management by establishing a system of decision rights over data
that accounts for the needs of the enterprise.
• Data Architecture defines the blueprint for managing data assets by
aligning with organizational strategy to establish strategic data
requirements and designs to meet these requirements.
• Data Modeling and Design is the process of discovering, analyzing,
representing, and communicating data requirements in a precise form
called the data model.
The DAMA Wheel (Cont.)
• Data Storage and Operations includes the design, implementation,
and support of stored data to maximize its value. Operations provide
support throughout the data lifecycle from planning for to disposal of
data.
• Data Security ensures that data privacy and confidentiality are
maintained, that data is not breached, and that data is accessed
appropriately.
• Data Integration and Interoperability includes processes related to
the movement and consolidation of data within and between data
stores, applications, and organizations.
The DAMA Wheel (Cont.)
• Document and Content Management includes planning,
implementation, and control activities used to manage the lifecycle of
data and information found in a range of unstructured media,
especially documents needed to support legal and regulatory
compliance requirements.
• Reference and Master Data includes ongoing reconciliation and
maintenance of core critical shared data to enable consistent use
across systems of the most accurate, timely, and relevant version of
truth about essential business entities.
The DAMA Wheel (Cont.)
• Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence includes the planning,
implementation, and control processes to manage decision support data
and to enable knowledge workers to get value from data via analysis and
reporting.
• Metadata includes planning, implementation, and control activities to
enable access to high quality, integrated Metadata, including definitions,
models, data flows, and other information critical to understanding data
and the systems through which it is created, maintained, and accessed.
• Data Quality includes the planning and implementation of quality
management techniques to measure, assess, and improve the fitness of
data for use within an organization.
Data Management VS Data Governance
The overall data management function is made out of these 11 components
(Knowledge area) identified by the Data Management Association International :
• Data Governance
• Data Quality
• Data Architecture
• Data Modeling & Design
• Data Storage & Operations
• Data Security
• Data Integration & Interoperability
• Document & Content Management
• Reference & Master Data
• Data Warehousing & BI
• Metadata Management
Data governance is a center of these 11 data management knowledge
areas. There is certain overlap between data governance
and data quality, data security, metadata,
reference data and so on
Data Governance
“Data Governance (DG) is defined as the exercise of authority and
control (planning, monitoring, and enforcement) over the management
of data assets. All organizations make decisions about data, regardless
of whether they have a formal Data Governance function. Those that
establish a formal Data Governance program exercise authority and
control with greater intentionality. Such organizations are better able to
increase the value they get from their data assets.”
Data Governance
• The Data Governance function guides all other data management
functions.
• The purpose of Data Governance is to ensure that data is managed
properly, according to policies and best practices

“Data Governance focuses on how decisions are made about data and
how people and processes are expected to behave in relation to data.”
Data Governance Scope and Goals
• Strategy: Defining, communicating, and driving execution of Data
Strategy and Data Governance Strategy
• Policy: Setting and enforcing policies related to data and Metadata
management, access, usage, security, and quality
• Standards and quality: Setting and enforcing Data Quality and Data
Architecture standards
• Oversight: Providing hands-on observation, audit, and correction in
key areas of quality, policy, and data management (often referred to
as stewardship)
Data Governance Scope and Goals (Cont.)
• Compliance: Ensuring the organization can meet data-related
regulatory compliance requirements
• Issue management: Identifying, defining, escalating, and resolving
issues related to data security, data access, data quality, regulatory
compliance, data ownership, policy, standards, terminology, or data
governance procedures
• Data management projects: Sponsoring efforts to improve data
management practices
• Data asset valuation: Setting standards and processes to consistently
define the business value of data assets
The Environment Factors hexagon
• The Environmental Factors
hexagon shows the relationship
between people, process, and
technology
• Goals and principles provide
guidance for how people should
execute activities and effectively
use the tools required for
successful data management
The Knowledge Area
Context Diagram
• The Knowledge Area Context
Diagrams describe the detail
of the Knowledge Areas,
including detail related to
people, processes and
technology
• Context Diagrams put
activities at the center, since
they produce the deliverables
that meet the requirements
of stakeholders.
The Knowledge Area Context Diagram (Cont.)
• Definition: This section concisely defines the Knowledge
Area.
• Goals describe the purpose the Knowledge Area and the
fundamental principles that guide the performance of
activities within each Knowledge Area.
The Knowledge Area Context Diagram (Cont.)
• Activities are the actions and tasks required to meet the goals of the
Knowledge Area.
Activities are classified into four categories.
• (P) Planning Activities set the strategic and tactical course for meeting data
management goals. Planning activities occur on a recurring basis.
• (D) Development Activities are organized around the system development
lifecycle (SDLC)(analysis, design, build, test, preparation, and deployment).
• (C) Control Activities ensure the ongoing quality of data and the integrity,
reliability, and security of systems through which data is accessed and used.
• (O) Operational Activities support the use, maintenance, and enhancement of
systems and processes through which data is accessed and used.
The Knowledge Area Context Diagram (Cont.)
• Inputs are the tangible things that each Knowledge Area
requires to initiate its activities.
• Deliverables are the outputs of the activities within the
Knowledge Area, the tangible things that each function is
responsible for producing.
The Knowledge Area Context Diagram (Cont.)
• Roles and Responsibilities describe how individuals and teams
contribute to activities within the Knowledge Area.
• Roles are described conceptually, with a focus on groups of roles required in
most organizations.
• Roles for individuals are defined in terms of skills and qualification
requirements.
• Many roles will be cross-functional.
• Suppliers are the people responsible for providing or enabling access
to inputs for the activities.
• Consumers those that directly benefit from the primary deliverables
created by the data management activities.
The Knowledge Area Context Diagram (Cont.)
• Participants are the people that perform, manage the performance
of, or approve the activities in the Knowledge Area.
• Tools are the applications and other technologies that enable the
goals of the Knowledge Area.
• Techniques are the methods and procedures used to perform
activities and produce deliverables within a Knowledge Area.
• Metrics are standards for measurement or evaluation of
performance, progress, quality, efficiency, or other effect.
Further concerns on Knowledge area and
DAMA-DMBOK Framework
• Data Handling Ethics describes the central role that data ethics plays
in making informed, socially responsible decisions about data and its
uses. Awareness of the ethics of data collection, analysis, and use
should guide all data management professionals
• Big Data and Data Science describes the technologies and business
processes that emerge as our ability to collect and analyze large and
diverse data sets increases.
• Data Management Maturity Assessment outlines an approach to
evaluating and improving an organization’s data management
capabilities.
Further concerns on Knowledge area and
DAMA-DMBOK Framework (Cont.)
• Data Management Organization and Role Expectations provide best
practices and considerations for organizing data management teams
and enabling successful data management practices.
• Data Management and Organizational Change Management
describes how to plan for and successfully move through the cultural
changes that are necessary to embed effective data management
practices within an organization.
Q&A