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Revision notes semester 2, 2024

The document provides formulas and methods for calculating perimeter, area, volume, and angles in various geometric shapes. It explains the relationships between angles formed by intersecting lines and the concept of ratios, including how to simplify and use them to find missing quantities. Additionally, it covers the conversion between real-life measurements and scale drawings using scale factors.

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3 views

Revision notes semester 2, 2024

The document provides formulas and methods for calculating perimeter, area, volume, and angles in various geometric shapes. It explains the relationships between angles formed by intersecting lines and the concept of ratios, including how to simplify and use them to find missing quantities. Additionally, it covers the conversion between real-life measurements and scale drawings using scale factors.

Uploaded by

6rjdw5cw8d
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measurement

 To compare different lengths first convert to the same units of length.


 Perimeter is the distance around the outside of a shape. To find the perimeter of
a rectangle you add up the 4 side lengths. Perimeter = 2×(Length+Width)
 To find the perimeter of a square you add up the four side lengths on the outside
of the square.
 Perimeter=4× Length
 To find the perimeter of a regular polygon with n-sides you multiply the length of
one side by n.
 Perimeter=n×Length of one side
 To find the perimeter of a composite shape we add the side lengths around the
outside of the shape.
 The area of a rectangle is given by Area=length×width A=l×w
 The area of a square is given by Area=side×side or A=s×s
 To find a missing length or width of a rectangle, substitute the area and given
dimension into the formula: A=l×w and then solve for the unknown variable.
 The area of triangle is half of the area of a rectangle with the same height and
b×h
base. The formula to find the area of triangle is A=
2
 The area of a parallelogram is given by: A=b×h
 The diameter of a circle is double the radius: d=2r
 The circumference C, of a circle can be found using one of the following formulas:
C=2πr, C=πd
 Prisms have rectangular sides, and the shape on the top and the base is the
same. Any cross-section taken parallel to the base is always the same.
 Pyramids have triangular sides. Any cross-section taken parallel to the base is
always the same shape but is smaller in size than the base.
Three-dimensional objects can be represented with the side view, front view, and top
view:

The volume of the cube is given by: V= s × s × s= s3


In general, the formula for the volume of a right rectangular prism is given by
V =base area ×h .

Equations
To solve an equation, we can apply inverse operations to both sides of the equation.
Inverse operations reverse each other:
 Addition and subtraction are inverse
operations
 Multiplication and division are inverse
operations
When solving equations, we use inverse operations to isolate the variable
Angles
Adjacent angles are two angles that share a
common arm, common vertex and do not overlap.
Vertical angles are two pairs of equal angles
formed whenever two segments, lines, or rays
intersect at a point.
If two angles form a right angle, we say they
are complementary.
If two angles form a straight angle, we say they
are supplementary.
Parallel lines are lines that never intersect. A transversal is a line that cuts across two
other lines.
Co-interior angles lie between two lines and on
The same side of a transversal. Co-interior angles
form a 'C' shape with the original lines and the
transversal. if the original lines are parallel, co-interior
angles are supplementary.

Alternate angles lie between the original lines and


are on opposite sides of the transversal. Alternate angles
form a 'Z' shape with the original lines and the transversal.
If the original lines are parallel, alternate angles are equal in
size.

Corresponding angles lie on the same side of the


transversal
and both above and both below the pair of lines.
Corresponding
angles form an 'F' shape with the original lines and the
transversal.
If the lines are parallel, the corresponding angles will be equal.
The sum of angles of a triangle is 180.

Ratios:
A ratio compares the relationship between two values.
To compare quantities with different units, we need to convert one of the quantities to
the same units as the other
Two ratios are equivalent ratios if both numbers in one of the ratios can be multiplied
or divided by the same number to make the
second ratio.
A ratio is a simplified ratio if
 both numbers are integers
 the smallest possible integers are being used

To find a missing quantity we can use a known amount and the ratio between the two
quantities. We can:
 Multiply the known amount by the ratio as a fraction or
 Use equivalent ratios
If total amount was given,
1. we find sum of ratios.
total
2. Value of one part (single ratio) =
∑ of ratios
3. Multiply single ratio by the actual ratio.

 To convert a length on the scale drawing to a length in real life we multiply by the
scale factor.
 To convert a length in real life to a length on a scale drawing or map we divide by
the scale factor.
 Scale can be indicated by a scale bar on a drawing or map.
 To find the scale ratio, convert the lengths to the same units.

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