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FESTURE DOCUMENT FOLLOWUP 2 Read Above Text, We Endeavour To Extract Image Fea

The document proposes two novel algorithms, Frequency Domain Residual Analysis (FDRA) and Multi-Scale Texture Coherence Network (MSTCN), to detect differences between real and generated images. It outlines the mathematical mechanisms, implementations, and experimental setup for feature extraction and classification using these algorithms. The proposed methods will be compared against current benchmarks using a diverse dataset of real and generated images.

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belphegor0404
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2 views5 pages

FESTURE DOCUMENT FOLLOWUP 2 Read Above Text, We Endeavour To Extract Image Fea

The document proposes two novel algorithms, Frequency Domain Residual Analysis (FDRA) and Multi-Scale Texture Coherence Network (MSTCN), to detect differences between real and generated images. It outlines the mathematical mechanisms, implementations, and experimental setup for feature extraction and classification using these algorithms. The proposed methods will be compared against current benchmarks using a diverse dataset of real and generated images.

Uploaded by

belphegor0404
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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read above text, we endeavour to extract image

features that can distinguish between real and


generated images. Design new algorithms and
programming experiments to detect feature
distribution differences between the generated
image and the real image. algorithms must never
be invented, unprecedented, including
methematical mechanism, codes, figures and
comparison with current benchmark.
To detect feature distribution differences between generated and real images, I propose two
novel algorithms: Frequency Domain Residual Analysis (FDRA) and Multi-Scale Texture
Coherence Network (MSTCN). These algorithms target specific aspects of image statistics that
tend to differ between real and AI-generated images.

Frequency Domain Residual Analysis (FDRA)


FDRA exploits subtle differences in the frequency domain characteristics of real and generated
images.

Mathematical Mechanism
Let be an input image. We define the frequency domain residual as:

Where:
is the 2D Fourier transform of
denotes magnitude
is a local average filter
represents convolution
We then compute a residual response map :

Where:
extracts phase
is the inverse Fourier transform
is a Gaussian smoothing filter

Implementation

import numpy as np
from scipy.fftpack import fft2, ifft2
import cv2

def fdra(image, filter_size=3, sigma=1.5):


# Convert to grayscale if needed
if len(image.shape) == 3:
image = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# Compute Fourier transform


f = fft2(image)
magnitude = np.abs(f)
phase = np.angle(f)

# Compute log magnitude


log_magnitude = np.log(magnitude + 1)

# Apply local average filter


kernel = np.ones((filter_size, filter_size)) / (filter_size * filter_size)
filtered_log_magnitude = cv2.filter2D(log_magnitude, -1, kernel)

# Compute residual
residual = log_magnitude - filtered_log_magnitude

# Compute residual response map


response = np.abs(ifft2(np.exp(residual + 1j * phase))) ** 2

# Apply Gaussian smoothing


response = cv2.GaussianBlur(response, (0, 0), sigma)

return response

def extract_fdra_features(image):
response = fdra(image)
features = [
np.mean(response),
np.std(response),
np.max(response),
np.median(response)
]
return np.array(features)
Multi-Scale Texture Coherence Network (MSTCN)
MSTCN analyzes texture coherence across multiple scales to capture inconsistencies that may
be present in generated images.

Mathematical Mechanism
We define a texture coherence function for a given scale :

Where:
is a patch of size centered at
computes correlation between patches
are small offsets
The multi-scale coherence score is then:

Where is a set of scales and are learned weights.

Implementation

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F

class MSTCN(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, scales=[3, 5, 7, 9], num_channels=3):
super(MSTCN, self).__init__()
self.scales = scales
self.coherence_layers = nn.ModuleList([
nn.Conv2d(num_channels, 32, kernel_size=s, stride=1, padding=s//2)
for s in scales
])
self.fc = nn.Linear(32 * len(scales), 1)

def forward(self, x):


coherence_maps = []
for layer in self.coherence_layers:
c = layer(x)
c_shifted = F.pad(c, (1, -1, 1, -1))
coherence = F.cosine_similarity(c, c_shifted, dim=1)
coherence_maps.append(coherence.mean(dim=[1, 2]))

combined = torch.cat(coherence_maps, dim=1)


return self.fc(combined)

def extract_mstcn_features(image, model):


with torch.no_grad():
image_tensor = torch.from_numpy(image).permute(2, 0, 1).float().unsqueeze(0) / 25
return model(image_tensor).squeeze().numpy()

Experimental Setup
To evaluate these algorithms, we will use a diverse dataset of real and generated images:
1. Real images:
LSUN dataset (various categories)
ImageNet validation set
2. Generated images:
StyleGAN2 (trained on LSUN)
BigGAN (trained on ImageNet)
DALL-E 2 generated images
Stable Diffusion generated images
We will use 10,000 images from each source, split into 80% training and 20% testing sets.

Feature Extraction
For each image, we will extract features using both FDRA and MSTCN:

def extract_features(image):
fdra_features = extract_fdra_features(image)
mstcn_features = extract_mstcn_features(image, mstcn_model)
return np.concatenate([fdra_features, mstcn_features])

# Extract features for all images


X_train = np.array([extract_features(img) for img in train_images])
y_train = np.array([1 if img_is_real(img) else 0 for img in train_images])

X_test = np.array([extract_features(img) for img in test_images])


y_test = np.array([1 if img_is_real(img) else 0 for img in test_images])

Classification
We will use a gradient boosting classifier to distinguish between real and generated images:

from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier


from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, precision_score, recall_score, f1_score

clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(n_estimators=100, learning_rate=0.1, max_depth=3)


clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

y_pred = clf.predict(X_test)

accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)


precision = precision_score(y_test, y_pred)
recall = recall_score(y_test, y_pred)
f1 = f1_score(y_test, y_pred)

print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy:.4f}")
print(f"Precision: {precision:.4f}")
print(f"Recall: {recall:.4f}")
print(f"F1 Score: {f1:.4f}")

Comparison with Current Benchmarks


To compare our method with current benchmarks, we will implement and evaluate the following
state-of-the-art methods:
1. Wang et al.'s CNN-based detector
2. Zhang et al.'s frequency domain analysis
3. Cozzolino et al.'s ForensicTransfer method
We will use the same dataset and evaluation metrics for all methods to ensure a fair comparison.

Figures
To visualize the effectiveness of our method, we will create the following figures:
1. Frequency domain residual maps for real and generated images
2. Multi-scale coherence maps for real and generated images
3. t-SNE plot of extracted features, color-coded by image source
4. ROC curves comparing our method to benchmark methods
5. Bar plot of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score for all methods
These novel algorithms leverage advanced signal processing and deep learning techniques to
capture subtle differences between real and generated images across multiple scales and
domains. By combining frequency domain analysis with texture coherence evaluation, we aim to
create a robust detector that can generalize well to various image generation methods.
⁂

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