Answer Key
Chapter Test B 24. Both have jaws, which
Multiple Choice make them more efficient
1. a predators than Agnatha.
25. feathers and hair
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. d
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. c
11. a
12. a
13. b
14. d
15. a
Short Answer
16. that the joint led to
development of upper
and lower jaws
17. The jawed fish would be
capable of capturing and
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processing larger animals
than the other fish because
of its increased mouth size
and teeth.
18. its teeth
19. The arches support the
gills, which take in oxygen
for the fish.
20. This structure reinforces
the jaw.
21. Classes are separated by the
unique characteristics of
the members of each class.
22. the presence of an amniotic
egg in reptilia, which
enables them to reproduce
on land
23. Chondrichthyes and
Osteichthyes
Answer Key 1
CHAPTER VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY
25 Chapter Test B
Multiple Choice
Choose the letter of the best answer. (15 credits)
1. Fish maximize the amount of oxygen 5. Lampreys and hagfish are both
they can pull from the water by using a. living fossils, remnants of very
a. countercurrent flow. ancient vertebrate groups.
b. pharyngeal slits. b. close vertebrate relatives that have
c. swim bladders. retained notochords.
d. an operculum. c. cartilaginous fish that have lost the
ability to make bone.
2. Which of the following conclusions d. lobe-finned fish that can breathe
about amphibians can you draw from the through lungs and gills.
illustration of metamorphosis?
6. What are the two groups of jawed fish
adult that exist today?
frog a. acanthodians and placoderms
b. acanthodians and Agnatha
c. Osteichthyes and placoderms
fertilized eggs young
d. Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
frog
tadpoles 7. Which of the following helps the
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
coelacanth float?
Vertebrate Diversity
FIG. 25.1 a. specially adapted gills
CHAPTER 25
a. They lay eggs with hard, porous b. its fleshy fins
shells. c. fat in its swim bladder
b. They return to the water to reproduce. d. a thin braincase
c. They can reproduce only on land.
8. Amphibians were the first animals to
d. They must leave the water to feed.
develop
3. A tetrapod is a vertebrate with four a. pharyngeal slits.
a. limbs. c. ears. b. four limbs.
b. eggs. d. toes. c. bony vertebrae.
d. gill arches.
4. Lobe-fins are paired
a. very flexible fan-shaped fins.
b. muscular pectoral and pelvic fins.
c. spiny dorsal and caudal fins.
d. soft dorsal and anal fins.
Assessment Book Chapter Test B 503
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST B, CONTINUED
9. The primary advantage of fishes’ many 13. What function does a notochord provide
sets of thin, flexible fins is that they in chordate anatomy?
a. keep the fish stable in the water. a. water filtration
b. enable fish to outswim predators. b. skeletal support
c. provide protective camouflage. c. nerve protection
d. can support a fish’s weight on land. d. voluntary movement
10. What are the four chordate features of 14. Two adaptations that make some fish
the sea squirt larva shown in Figure extremely efficient predators are
25.2? a. an operculum and a swim bladder.
b. ray-fins and skeletons made of bone.
c. suckers and horny, toothlike
A projections.
B d. the lateral line and electroreceptive
C cells.
15. The three groups of modern amphibians
are
D a. salamanders, frogs, and caecilians.
b. frogs, reptiles, and Agnatha.
c. toads, frogs, and caecilians.
FIG. 25.2 d. reptiles, frogs, and salamanders.
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Vertebrate Diversity
a. backbone, hollow nerve cord, tail,
CHAPTER 25
braincase
b. notochord, larynx, braincase,
embryonic sac
c. pharyngeal slits, hollow nerve cord,
notochord, tail
d. jaws, tail, pharyngeal slits, backbone
11. Fish were the first recognizable
a. vertebrates. c. animals.
b. chordates. d. sea dwellers.
12. Cartilage makes up the skeletons of fish
in the phylum
a. Chondrichthyes. c. Osteichthyes.
b. Agnatha. d. Placodermi.
504 Chapter Test B Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST B, CONTINUED
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items 16–20. (5 credits)
Jawless Fish
cranium
mouth
gill arches
Modern Fish
cranium
mouth gill
arches
FIG 25.3
16. What does the presence of a joint in the gill arches suggest about the arches’ relationship
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
to jaws?
Vertebrate Diversity
CHAPTER 25
17. What advantage does the jaw provide? Explain.
18. Why might the presence of teeth in a modern fish’s mouth suggest that it is a predator?
19. As the illustration of the modern fish shows, most gill arches retain their original
purpose. Why is this fact important to the fish’s survival?
20. In the illustration of the modern fish, a gill arch is fused to the cranium. What is the
advantage of this arrangement?
Assessment Book Chapter Test B 505
McDougal Littell Biology
CHAPTER TEST B, CONTINUED
Use the diagram below to answer items 21–25. (5 credits)
Vertebrate Phylogenic Tree
Agnatha Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia
lamprey
sharks and rays
bony fish
frogs and salamanders
reptiles
birds
mammals
feathers
hair
amnion
four limbs
jaws
vertebrae
Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
FIG. 25.4
Vertebrate Diversity
CHAPTER 25
21. On what basis are classes separated?
22. What, according to the tree, distinguishes amphibia from reptilia?
23. Which classes are most closely related to Agnatha?
24. What characteristic is shared by cartilaginous fish and bony fish, and what advantage
does that give them?
25. What have birds and mammals developed that help them survive in cold weather?
506 Chapter Test B Assessment Book
McDougal Littell Biology
