On

required torque.
Definltlon of slip:
:
The difference betweenthe synchronous speed (N) and
the actual motor speed (N)is indicated by theslip "s".
The percent slip is defined as,
N, - N
%s = x100% ..(1.7.2)
Ng

Or s = x100% .(1.7.3)

The value of slip will vary between 0and 1 for the

motoring operation. At stand stillN0hence s 1
whereas at N = N, S = 0. The slip decreases as the
motor speed increases
The slip will be greater than 1for plugging and the slip
willbe negative for the induction notor to operate as a
generator.

Actual speed:
Theactual speed N canbe expressed interms of s as,
N =N, (1 -s) ...(1.7.4)

Relative speed :
The relative speed is defined as the difference
between
the synchronous speed and the actual speed of the
induction motor.
Relative speed N-N
 1-10 Three Phase Inducbon Mo
Industrial AC Machines (Electrica/Sem. 5MSBTE)
S5tor
St. Squlrrel cage Wound or
No. Parameter rotor sllpring rotor STATOR Yo Rotor
SUPPLY
11. Efficiency Higher Low efficiency. Roatng magnotio lold
etficiency.
12 Applications Applications
Applicatons (A-1093) Fig. 1.5.1(a) : Principle of operation
include lathes include cranes, of induction mator
fans, water elevators,
pumps, compressors, lifts The rotor winding is not rotating. So the rotatine
blowers eC ete. magnetic field cuts the stationary rotor conductors and
13 Power iactor Better power Lower pOWer induces an emf in the rotor winding.
factor factor
The rotor induced voltage gves rise to rotor currents
1.5 The direction of the rotor current is such that it well
Principle of Operation : And
oppose the very cause that produces this current
S-05, S-09, W-09, S-12, W-12, S-15, S-16, W-17
the cause behad producing the rotor current is the
MSBTE Questions relative velocity between the rotating fiekd and the
Q.1 Descnbe the principle of working of 3 phase totor
induction mato on the bass of the concept of
So the rotor current will flow in such a drection that the
rotating magnetie field (S-05, 4 Marks)
rotor wll experience aforce that accelerates it in the
Q.2 Explan the principie of operatian of 3 phase same drection as that of the rotating maqnetic field as
Iducton motoF
shawn in fig 15 1{a)
(S-09, S-12, W-12, S-15, S-16, W-17, 4 Marks)
At no ad idealy speaking the rOtor should rotate at
Q.3 Why does the rota of a 3-phase induction motor
the same speed as that of the rotating magnetic field.
otate n the same cireten as the rotatng feld
produced by stator winding ? (W.09, 4 Marks) ie N, But practically it ratates at slightly less speed
than N due to friction and windage.
The three phase induc tian mctorconsists ofa stator or
Motor on load:
armature winding which is stat onary and arotor cr field
When the induction mator is loaded mechanically its
winding which rotates
speed tN) decreses to produce the required amaunt of
Principle of operation :
torque
The sequence of events that takes place is as fcliows Ihe feduction in the motor speed (N) will stop as soon
The three phase stator winding of nduction motor is as the torque produced by the motor ) is exactly equal
cOnnected to the three phase a supply as sthown to the load torque (T ) The percentage difference
Fig. 15.1(a). between the synchronous speed (N) and the actual
Due to ac voltage applied, current starts flowing in the speed (N) is known as slip (s).
stator conductors N,-N
N -(1.5.1)
Due to the three phase stator cufren: a rotating
magnetic field (RMF) of constant amplitude and rotating The stator winding of the induction motors can be
at aconstant speed is set up in the air gap between either star connected or delta connected.
stator and rotor. (see Fig. 1.5.1(a)). The rotating
magnetic field rotates at a speed called as synchronous
Generation of torque:
The setting up of torque for rotating the otor takes
speed (N). The synchronous speed N 120pf, where
place as follows:
=Stator supply frequency and P Number of poles
Fig. 1.5.1(b)1. shows a stator field which is assumed to
of the motor.
be rotating in the clockwise direction. As the rotor is

STech kKavetedgi
Ex. 1.7.11:Athreo phase 50 Hz induction motor runs át
960 rpm on fullload. Find number of poles
and percentage sip. State methods for
measurement of slip. S-12, 4 Marks
Soln. :
Given : f 50 HzN 960 rpm.
Te find z Pand %s

1. Number of poles P:
Assume N, 1000rpm
120f m20 x 50
N P
1000

P6 Ans.

2 Percent slip:
N-N 100 2000=100
%S N, 1000
Ans.
4%
measurenent of slip.
Refer section 1.13for methods for
 AlLABLE - YouTube - Predict
Industrial AC Machines (Electrica/Sem. 5/MSBTE) 1-21
Three Phase
Inducion Motor
In theforward motoring region of the
of rotating magnetic field. characteristics shown in Fig. 1.9.1, the motor rotates in the same direction as that
The torque produced by the motor is zero at
is zero when N = NG. synchronous speed or for s = 0. This is because the induced voltage in rotor
The torque increases as the slip increases while the air gap
flux remains constant.
Once the torque reaches its maximum value Imax at the critical slip s = Sm the
to reduction in air gap flux.
torque decreases, with increase in slip due
Torque (T)

Forward motoring -Plugging or Counter

Stable t Unstable curent braking
N>Ns Tm region
Ro
Yo
Bo

Generating

Sip -1 -Sc /Ns ...2 -NsSpeed

speed 2Ns slip
Sn

Ro Ro
Yo Bo
Bo Yo
Motoring Plugging
-Tm
Generating

(0-155) Fig.1.9.1:Torque-Speed characteristics of induction motor

 Jevelop higher starting torque with low
starting current.
2. They can withstand longer starting periods.
Applications
Repulsion motors are suitable for Commercial
refrigerators, compressors, pumps, hoists and other
constant speed drives, particularly those which have a
high inertia and prolonged starting period.
2.8 Single Phase A.C. Series Motors:
 ALL BOOKSAVAILABLE -YouTube - Predict
pn Motor
Three Phase Induction Motor
FIndustrial AC Machines (Electrical/Sem, 5MSBTE) 1-3

e range Reh
36 dolta
Connectod
Ye stator 120
120"7
uction Bo 120

Stator)
s only
(b) Delta connected stator
(A-L083) Fig. 1.2.1: Stator windings

user Whenever the ac supply is connected to the stator (b) Phasor diagramn
windings, line currents Ip , and L, starts flowing Note (A-1084) Fig.1.2.2 :Representatlon of fluxes produced
that these line curents are phase shifted by 120* with by the llne currents l, I, and I,
respect to each other. 1.2.1 Production of RMF :

Due to each line current a sinusoidal flux is produced in W-09, S-12, W-13, W.14, S-17, W17, Se
the air gap. These fluxes have the same frequency as MSBTE Questions
that of the line currents ie. 50 Hz and they also are 120 Explain with neat sketches: the
production of
a.1
phase shifted with respect to each other. motor ?
as rotating magnetic field in 3-phase induction
Let the flux produced by the line current I, be that
(W-09, 6 Marks, W14, S-17, W-17, S-18, 4 Marks)
produced by I, be oy and that produced by l, be
Q.2 Show that when three phase supply is given to
Mathematically they are represented as follows:
three phase displaced winding in space rotating
sin ot = Sin 0 (12.1) magnetic field is produced (S-12, 4 Marks)

dy sin (ot- 120) O.3 Balanced 3-phase induction motor is supplied with
balanced 3-phase supply. Find resultant fied at
nSin (0- 120°) 122)
ut =0, ot 60" and iot 120°. State the properties
and mSin (ot- 240") of this field. (W-13, 8 Marks)

= Sin (0-240") (123) The effective or total flux (or ) in the air gap between
the stator and rotor is equal to the phasor sum of the
2(a)
These fluxes are represented graphically in Fig. 12 three component fluxes oa y and
and using the phasors in Fig. 1.22(b).
(12.4)

In order to prove that a RMF is set up in the air gap, we

will follovw the steps given below :
Steps to be followed:
180 300 360
Step 1: At different values of Such as 0, 60, 120
80 120 240 180,.. 3G0 obtain the value of total fux or.
Step 2: For every value of in step 1, draw the phasor
diagrams to prove that is a rotating quantity.
Let us use the phasor as the reference phasor ie. all
the angle are expressed and drawn with respect to this
(a) Graphical representation phasor.
9 Industrlal AC Machines (Electrica/Sem, 504SBTE) 1-57 Three Phase Inducion Motor
When the motor accelerates, stator is connected in delta
Gtutr configuration, to apply the rated voltage to the
windings.
Power O
witch

(b) Run mode

Rolor
A1694)Fig. 1.20.3: Equlvalent circuits Rur R
Advantages: polo
6way
The method is simple and cheaper in cost. No power sweitch
loss as in the stator resistance stator, The method is very Statoe
Start
effective
(A-1612) Fig. 1.20.4:Star delta starter
For medium starting torque requireents this is useful in:
The starting torque is educed as the torque is
1 Machine tools . Motor-qenerator set
proportional to square of stator voltage and there is a
Pumps ete jerk while switching from star to delta.
shom in
Limitations : The arrangement for the star delta starter is
Fig. 1.20 4
Not suitable for High HP. motorsand High voltage
Start mode
above 33 KV motors.
The 3 pole 6 way switch is kept in the start mode first.
1.20.4 Star-Delta Starter:
This willconnect the R', B and Y terrminals of the stator
W-08, S:10, W-10, W-12, S-13, W-13 windings to each other. This acts as the star point
W-16, S-16, W-16, S-18, W-18 Rotor

MSBTE Questions
Q.1 Compare star-deta starter with auto transformer
(W-08, 2 Marks)
starter (4 point)
starter
Q.2 Draw a neat diagram to show star-delta Sator
Bo
used in 36induction motor ($-10, W-10, 4 Marks)
Q3 Drw connection diagram of a star delta starter. (a) In the start mode
State its applications
(W-12, S-13, W-13,W-15, S-16, W-16, 4 Marks) Ro Rotor

Q4Eylain hw each of the following can reduce

starting curant of a 3 phase induction motor. Y

1. By star-deta starter. Stator

2 By inserting resistance in rotor winding

(S-18,4 Marks)
phase (b) In the run mode
QS Draw and eplain star detta starter for 3
(W-18, 4 Marks) (A-1613) Fig. L20.5: Equivalent circuits for star-delta starter
induction motor
The supply is connected to RY and B teminals of the
Schematic diagram: stator winding. Thus in the "Start mode the stator
in windings are connected to form a star.
Here the stator winding of the motor is connected
Star confguration at the time of starting This reduces The equivalent circuit for the 'Start mode is shown in
the voltegeacross each winding to 1/V3 of the rated Fig. 1.20.5(a).
voltage. Tedh Keutedg
PtCatiens
ion motcr can be
1.15 Power Flow Diagram (Power Stages)
for InductionMotor:
W06.S-01,W08,S40, W40,W11
atati oseos 45, WA46, S46, W46,548
pot Rolor copper SBTE Ouestiond
Q.1 Draw the complete poNer flow diagram for a 36
induction motor.

Wiedage W.06, S-07, W-08, W0,4 Marks)

tios mtor a.2 Draw and erplain power flow diagram of throe
phase LA (S-10, W41, W15,4 Marks)
egorised into teo
d variable losses Q.3 Draw a block dagram shoing power stages of a 3
phase inducion motor.
(S-15, 5-16, S18, 4 Marks)
opper losses which Q.4 Prove that rofor copper loss in induclion motor is
tor copper loss sip fimes rofor input W45,4 Marks)

al to the square of Q.5 Draw power stages of three phase induction motor
4or copper loss is Derive relation for rotor copper loss
urert (W46,4 Marks)
on the oad, the The power fow diagram fora three phace induction
ad Hencethey are motor isas shown in Fig 1151
ACinput povor to the stator (P)
Electical poer delvered Staior oopper
and iron losses
foad on the motor tothe roor( P T
Gross mcharical poor gonoratod Rotor oopper ioss
loss and mechanical by e motor (PT= (1 - sP PeP (-)P,

Grons mecharical Friction

poer avatatle and windage
the sheft
the iron losses and (Shatt po) Pou
Sthe rotor core loss.
G-167 Fig. 115.1: Power flow diagram for induction notor
eresis loss and eddy
The power flow in induction motor can be shown in the
block diagram form as shown in Fig. 1.15.2.
Teckkevuledgi
 1-38 Three Phase Indudi
5MSBTE)
Industrial ACMachines (Electrica/Sem. T-oT
.Rotor copper loss. P =
Mochanical
AC output power
nput (shatt poNer)
P; Pm But sip s
powur P
Eloctrical Gross Pest
Lo npi powor
1o olor
mochanicai
poNer
Substituting in Equation (1.15.6) we get
Stator Rotor Frilion and
copper end
Iron loss
Pooppor windage P soTN, T
kss Josses
(Mochanical The gross mechanical power at the Output
Jossos) P =Pz-P = T-sog T
-1633Flg. l.15.2 : Power flow diagram in the
P. = (1-s) gT
block diagram form
From Fig. I.15.2, the performance parameters of a = (1-s) P;
L15
phase motor can be determined as follows. three
The rotor efficiency :
Total input power:
The rotor efficiency is given by.
The total power supplied to the stator
motor is, winding of the iRP/P
P =3E, I, cos , (1.15 1) =Rotor Qutput Rotor input
Where , is the angle between E, and I,.
power is aiso the sum of power The input -(115
core loss (Peo ) and the stator delvered to rotor (P
copper loss (P (1-s) P,
P P, +(Peo +P) P,
(1152)
Electrical input power to rotor (P): 1.15.1T
The electrical power This equation shows that the rotor
deivered to the rotor is also efficiency d
as the gap power
(power passing from stator toknown
rotor
induction motor varies with the value of slip s an
through the air gap). It is given by. hence with the speed of the motor.

Pag =P, =aTN, T -(1.15.3) Tia=1 or 1009% for s =0 Le. N=N

and
where
Angular synchronous speed na0 for s = ie. N = 0ie. standstl
The net motor
rad/s and efficiency is given by,
T= Torque produced by the Net output at shaft
Gross mechanical power output motor
(Pa) and Rotor Copper Net electrical input to
loss (Pe): mnotor
P, Pm P
Where (115.4)
Pm Gross mechanical power Summary :
the motor output of 1.
And P
Electrical input to motor P =3E, , cos
Rotor copper loss 2.
P oTNT Electrical power to rotor P, =;T=
115.5) 3 2xxT
60
where
Actual angular speed rad/s. Gross mechanical output power P oT 60Nx7
Substituting values of P and P, from Equations
and (1.15.5), the
4.
Rotor copper lossP=s Pz
P= P,-Pm rotor copper loss is given(1.154) 5. Rotor efficiency na
by. 6.
Relation between P=(1-s)
and
P,:P=(1-s)P
2.10 Hysteresis Motor:
There are some special types of
synchronous motors
which are designed to work on the
supply. single phase ac
Two of them are
1.
Reluctance motor.
2. Hysteresis motor.
It is a
single-phase
upon the motor whose operation
depends
in a hysteresis effect i.e.
magnetization
ferromagnetic
force. material lags produced
behind the magnetizing
Construction :
Theiysteresis
arotor motor consists of a main
stator
winding and an auxiliary winding,
The stator of a winding.
as well as an hysteresis motor carries a main winding
A
auxiliary winding.
capacitor is permanently
auxiliary winding to have theconnected in series withwiun
shows the sectional view of a phase split. Fig. 2.10.1
hysteresis motor.
SE TechKuoaledg
 dstaWAC Machiness
(EectricaVSem. 51SBTE) 2-19 Single Phase induction Motors
ASLator has a constructionnsimilar to the capacitor start
Hpcitor run induction motor. That means both the After starting, the rotor rotates at synchronous speed
main well as starting with aunilorm torque. The motor, therefore, develops
windings ie. winding) rernain
conectedin the circuit constant torque fron the standstil to synchronous
during running operation as
welas at the
time ofstart. speed.
Thevalue of capacitance is so adjusted that a rotating Rer reaching synchronism, the motor continues to run
magnetic flux revohving at at synchronous speed and adjusts to run at synchronous
reated
synchronous speed is speed and adjusts is torque angle so as to develop the
is a smooth
torque required by the load.
The rotor cylinder of magneticaly hard The hysteresis motor is well known for its noiseless
steel without winding or teeth operation. Therefore it is generically used in audio
Main winding
recording related equipment.
-Ar gap Torque-Speed Characteristics :
Torque speed characteristic is as shown in Fig 2.102.
The hysteresis motor, develops a constant torque from
AalaryO
the standstil to synchronous speed.

Toraue
-Hysteresis
Fa, 2.10.1:Construction of hysteresis motor
Operation :
When stator is supplied vith single phase supply it (a) Torque speed characteristics
produces a revolving nagnetic field.
.The rotor is a solid hard steel cylinder and it does not
canry any cage or a vwinding
As the rotor is made up of solid steel a large hysteresis
loss takes place in it Hysteress
- Duetothe phenornenon of hysteresis the totor flur lags
behind the stator flux.
(b) Hysteresis loop
Interaction betveen stator and rotor fiures creates a Fig. 2.10.2
torque and the motor starts rotating It is seen that stating torque remains constant. Also
The rotor material chosen must be such that it has high starting torque is comparatively high than other motors.
or
etentivity. Such a material is hard steel Direction reversal :
darriniurn-nickel-cobalt (rico) vith iron. The area of
The direction of rotation can be reversed by reversing
bysleresis loop is large. direction of rotating magnetic field. For this purpose
ihe rotor pole tries to catch the rotating magnetic field either main vinding or auxilliary winding connections
nthe stator and starts running in the same direction 8s has to be reversed.
that of the RIMF. The torque produced by the motor
Characteristics of Hysteresis Motor :
depends upon the retentiityy of the rotor material. it
start, the torque is produced due to current A hysteresis motor can synchronize any load which
It is
induedinthe solid rotor and hysteresis effect. can accelerate, no matter how great the inertia.
to
because the torque is uniform from standstill
bAvhent motor is pulled into synchronism, then current synchronous speed.
ihed in rotor becomes zero. Therefore only the
produced due to hysteresis will remain, Tech Kuouledge
#utrtitissS
 2-2
lndustrial AC Machines (Electrical/Sem. 5/MSBTE)
Hysteress motor produces very smooth and soundless
rotatlon.
Appllcatlons :
As there is no winding on rotor and since the rotor has
no teeth or projecting poles (as in reluctance motor) 2.1
there are no mechanical vibrations. Hence this motor
gives a silent nolseless operation.
It is therefore used in tape recorders, record players and
all timing devices.
Due to quiet operation and ability to derive high-inertia
loads, hys teresis motors are used for timing devices and
precision audio-equipment.
 2-16 Single Phase Induciont
5MS8TE)
IndustrialAC Machines (Electrica/Sem
a2A motor ls to be operated fram 1230 VS0H
phase AC and 220 VDC supply
describe its working
-DC series motor motor and with
Spead
neatskech
ACsones molor

Definition : W-16,4Ma
The motor which can be operated
Torque
0-787) Fig.2.8.2 :Torque-speed characteristics of dc series as wellas dc. supply is universal motor.
satisfactorily
and ac series motors
Basically it is an a.c. series motor which was
However the performance of ac series motor is inferior
to that of dc. series motor due to following reasons : earlier. descibe
1
Large voltage drops 2 Low PF. Auniversal motor is small fractional HP motor,
3 Increased losses 4. Low efficiency. Types of universal motors:
Hence the speeds obtained for same value of torque are
lower for ac. motor as compared with that of a dc. Universal motors are of two types namely :
motor. 1. Uncompensated type universal motors.
For a gven kilowatt rating, ac 2 Compensated universal motors.
series motor is 1.5 - 2
times in size and weight of the 2.9.1 Uncompensated Universal Motor:
motor. The construction cost ofcorresponding
de series
an ac sernes motor is
much more than that of a dc seies
motor. W-14, W16, ST
The performance of the ac series MSBTE Questions
motor gets improved if
it is connected to a low Q.1 What is an universal motor
frequency ac source (inverter). ?Comment brle
2.8.4 Applications: S-09, S-12, its constructional features and
W-12, W-14, S-17 speedHorgu
characteristics. Mention any two applications
MSBTE Questions
(W-14, S-17,4 Marka
Q.1Draw a schematic dagram of an AC series Q.2 A motor is to be
operated from 230 V. 50 Hz Snoe
How to change its speed and its motor
direction phase AC and 220 V D supply.
rotaion? Give two appiications of AC series of
motor. motor and describe its working Identify above
with
neatsketch.
Q.2 What is AC series
(S-09, W-14, S-17, 6 Marks) (W.1R
motor ? Explain Construction : 4Mara
features AC senies motor. State its
of constructional
appications, The
This motor is mnainly used in
(S-12, W-42, 4 Marks) construction
shown in Fig.
of
uncompensated
universal motor a,
electric traction to drive 2.9.1(a) and its torque
locomotives and also in hoists, because it can
high starting torque and can produte characteristics
is shown in Fig.
2.9.1(b).
spedlys
operation
have a variable speed
Fiold
2.9 A.C. winding
Universal Motor: D.C.
D.G,supph
Supply Armaturo Spood AG
Supo
MSBTE Questions W.14,W-16, S.17
Q.1What is an universal motor.?
Comment briafy on (a) Construction Torqu -
tsconstructional fealures
characteristics. Mention any b°oandapplications
speed-torque (A-1629) Fig. (5) Tarque speed charactertstis

W14,S1784 Marks) 2.unlversal

9.1l:Uncompensat
motor ed type

TedkRe
 AVAILABLE
Aal AC
- YouTube -
Predict
ndings : achtecrcaiSem SaSBTE
There are bwo types of
2-17
Single Phase lnducion Motors
and field winding windings used, nanmely 4Drd gag:afuvesal moto
he windings are armature STbve hopicatoog'
since this is basically aconnected series with each
in
series motor. other owt8,4 Maikb)
Field windingpeoduces fus t
Armature sa rotany winding isa stationary winding ConstTheruetion:
shownconstruction
of
Operation: in Fig 29.2(a)compensated unlversal
and its torque motor is
Operating principle is same as characteristics is shown in Fig 292(b) speed
that of de series Man fold
These motor produce a
high motor.
speed decreases with starting torque but their
increase
regulaticn is not very good in lbad
Their speed
AC
DC
Arnaueo

Torque speed characteristics : Campensaling

teld
The torque speed
characterstics
ersal motor is as shon in of an
uncompensated
Fig 29.1(bl which ditfer (a) Construction
a lot for DC and AC supply
ln thenon
Nermally tis compensated type motor the capacity is low DC supcly
designed for two pole structure
Pole and pole shoe both are Spoed AC

cuttent losses
laminated to reduce eddy supply

Amature issimelar to dc motor armature

Non compensated universal mator is cheaper due Torque
to (b) Torque speed characteristics
simple construction tis therefore prefered even its dc (A-1630; Fig. 2,9.2 : Compensated type universal moter
and ac. supply characteristics dffer by large margin
Windings :
The compensated type uniersal motors have better
There are three types of windings used, namely
characteristics than the uncompensated ones armature. main held and compensating winding.
8ut practically the uncampensated universal motors are Out of which the compensating winding is used only for
used more, especially for the smallpower applications. the compensated universal mctars.
This is due to their simpler construction and less cost.
All the windings are connected in series with each other
These are high speed light weight motors and have a since this is basically a series motor.
high starting torque.
In compensated type motor main field winding and
23.2 Compensated Universal Motor : compensating winding are distributed over entire stator.
W-14, $-15, S-18, W-18
Amature is similar to d.c. motor armature.
MSBTE Questions (Refer Fig. 2.9.2).
Q1What is an universal motor? Comment briey on The mator characteristics can be modified as per
s constructions features and speed-torque requirements with the help of the compensating
characteistics. Mention any bwo applicasons
(W-14, Marks): winding
of a unhiersal It is seen that speed-torque characteristics on de. and
Q2Explain
motor
wth diagram the working(S-15, 4 Narks) ac supply almost coincide.
for higher
03 Explain and Hence this type af motor is better suited even
he constructlon of uniyersal motot
Craw its torque-speed charactenstics. speeds.
RRS-18,4 Marks)
STechKetedgë
 Single Phase Induction
2-18
(Electrica Sem5SETE Linear inducton mator
Industrial AC Machines
due t DOZACSenomator
mOre epenshe
Compen5sted motars a
hey ae preferred for Permanent magnol steppor imalor (P
compicated contruction HeAce
higher capacity loads. S-18,4N
unersal mators have betteE Q6 DIW Snd
explain woing of unversal matar
The compensated type unnersal motor,
charsctetistKS tlhan the ungompenssted onies wo appiications f
2.9.3 Advantages of Universal Motors (W-18.4N
UTWESa motcs ha
The cepensated type
Or
Sinple corstration chsractenistics han he unCOnpensated
uNversal mote
2. Law c0st
practicaliy the ucompensated
pNer applicas
Small size used more, speciaiy for th smail
constfution åid p
They can be operated on DC as well AC supply This s due to tier simpt
motor a k
5. igh starting toue These ae hgh speed ighi weighit
2.9.4 hgi starting torque
Disadvantages of Universal Motors : they ate prered
Due to all theie eHutes
Pear speed regulatan ollawng appicaticns
hey are actionHP mtors Washing machines
ConstrueON of compensaed usa mators is
nphcted
2.9.5 Speed Range and Direction Reversal
h tull kad sperating peed of universal
motors
SaTeimes they e pronded th ihe but peed
eduction gearr fo ow pd npphcatios Electric strers
The directon everat rhee by eersng th
2.10 Hysteresis Motor:
2.9.6 Applications of Universal Motors :
W-14, W-15, 3-46, S-17, S-18, W-10 act a deyged t0 wetk cn the single phase
SDTE QUEtios UDply
Q1 VAhat is an umiersal motar 7
Comment bnely ct
Conrctioai Teatutes sped oneue
charactensics Mertion a two aprlications 2Hysteress mator
W14, 4Marks) Itsngle pliase
Q.2 State one apcication af the motoar
machine Unversa mator ollowng speclat pon the ysieness etfect Le.whose operation depend
C.3 Give thetio
appiations
(W-15. 1Mark) in
erroHagnetic materiat lags magnetization prodocec
behind the magneting
molor dfeuchmotar Unwersal
a, 4 What is an (S-16, 1 Mark) Constrction:
unversol motor Comment briefy on
Wsconstructorn features The hysteresis motor
arotor winding and arnconsists of a main stator windg
and speed-torque
characteristic.
motor
Stte any to appications of this auxiliary winding.
he stator of a
O.6 Give any two applications esch of (S47,4 Marks) 8S ell as an hysteresis enotor carries a ai wiy
1.
the folloing auxiliary winding
Universal motoe ACapacitor pemanently conitected in series
is
auxikary inding to have the phase sptit.
shows tte sectionat view Fig
ot a
ysteresis motor