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Lec Chapter 1 Matter Its Properties Classification and Composition

The document provides an overview of matter, including its definition, classification, properties, and changes. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space, and is classified into solids, liquids, and gases, as well as pure substances and mixtures. It also discusses physical and chemical properties, changes in matter, and the composition of matter at the atomic and molecular levels.

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15 views15 pages

Lec Chapter 1 Matter Its Properties Classification and Composition

The document provides an overview of matter, including its definition, classification, properties, and changes. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space, and is classified into solids, liquids, and gases, as well as pure substances and mixtures. It also discusses physical and chemical properties, changes in matter, and the composition of matter at the atomic and molecular levels.

Uploaded by

seanneiahquezon05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATTER:

ITS COMPOSITION,
PROPERTIES AND
CLASSIFICATION
Louis Daniele Bernardo, RPh, RChT
General Chemistry
Lesson Outline
◎ Definition of Matter
◎ Classification of Matter
◎ Properties of Matter
◎ Changes in Matter
◎ Composition of Matter

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Definition of Matter
◎ the physical material of the universe; it is anything that has
mass and occupies space.

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Classification of Matter

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Classification of Matter
PHYSICAL STATE
◎ SOLIDS – relatively rigid and have fixed shapes and volumes.
◎ LIQUIDS – have fixed volumes but flow to assume the shape of
their containers.
◎ GASES – have neither fixed shapes nor fixed volumes and
expand to completely fill their containers.

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Classification of Matter
COMPOSITION
◎ PURE SUBSTANCES – any matter that has a fixed chemical
composition and characteristic properties.
○ Elements – substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
ones by chemical changes
◉ Metals – good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable (they
can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (they can be drawn into wire).
◉ Nonmetals – are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are
not malleable or ductile.
◉ Metalloids – are intermediate in their properties. In their physical
properties, they are more like the nonmetals, but under certain
circumstances, several of them can be made to conduct electricity.
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Classification of Matter
COMPOSITION
◎ PURE SUBSTANCES – any matter that has a fixed chemical
composition and characteristic properties.
○ Compounds – contains two or more elements and has chemical
and physical properties that are usually different from those of the
elements of which it is composed.
◉ Organic – derived from or produced by living organisms and have carbon-
hydrogen covalent bonds.
◉ Inorganic – derived from nonliving components, and generally have ionic
bonds, lack carbon-hydrogen bonds, and rarely, if ever, contain any
carbon atoms.

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Classification of Matter
COMPOSITION
◎ MIXTURES – combinations of two or more pure substances in
variable proportions in which the individual substances retain
their identity.
○ Homogenous Mixtures – exhibit a uniform composition and
appears visually the same throughout.
○ Heterogeneous Mixtures – the composition of a material is not
completely uniform

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Properties of Matter
◎ PROPERTY – any characteristic that allows us to recognize a
particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other
types.

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Properties of Matter
◎ Physical Properties – properties of matter that can be
observed or measured without attempting to change the
composition of the matter being observed.
◎ Chemical Properties – properties that matter demonstrates
when attempts are made to change the matter into new
substances.
◎ Intrinsic Properties – are not dependent upon how much
material is present.
◎ Extrinsic Properties – do depend on how much material is
present.
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Changes in Matter
◎ Physical Changes – do not change the composition of the
substance. Example: cutting of paper
◎ Chemical Changes – change in matter leads to change in
composition. Example: burning of magnesium metal

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Composition of Matter
◎ ATOMS – limit of chemical subdivision for matter.
◎ MOLECULES – smallest particle of a pure substance that has
the properties of that substance and is capable of a stable
independent existence and limit of physical subdivision for a
pure substance.

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Composition of Matter
CLASSIFICATION OF MOLECULES
◎ DIATOMIC MOLECULES – contain two atoms
◎ POLYATOMIC MOLECULES – contain more than two atoms
◎ HOMOATOMIC MOLECULES – contain only one kind of atom
◎ HETEROATOMIC MOLECULES – contain two or more kinds of
atom

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Matter
EXAMPLE PROBLEM
◎ Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical:

1. condensation of steam 6. coal burning


2. burning of gasoline 7. ice melting
3. souring of milk 8. mixing chocolate syrup w/ milk
4. dissolving of sugar in water 9. explosion of a firecracker
5. melting of gold 10. magnetizing of a screwdriver

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