Sustainable Development of

Mineral Resources
Lecture No: 5 — Sustainable Development Goals Related to
Mining

Dr. Charan Kumar Ala

Assistant Professor
Department of Mining Engineering
NIT Rourkela
Sustainable Development Goals
• In September 2015, the 193 United Nations (UN) member states adopted
"Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", which
includes a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2015-2030.
• The agenda provides a successor framework for the Millennium Declaration and
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that covered the period from
20002015.
• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) represent the world's plan of action for social inclusion,
environmental sustainability and economic development.
Sustainable Development Goals
• Meeting the SDGs by 2030 will require unprecedented cooperation and
collaboration among governments, non-governmental organizations, development
partners, the private sector and communities.
Sustainable Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals Mining
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• Achieving the SDGs will require all sectors and stakeholders to incorporate the
SDGs into their own practices and operations
• Mining is a global industry and is often located in remote, ecologically sensitive
and less-developed areas that include many indigenous lands and territories.
• The mining industry can impact positively and negatively across the SDGs.
• When managed appropriately, it can foster economic development by providing
opportunities for decent employment, business development, increased fiscal
revenues, and infrastructure linkages at a game-changing scale over long time
horizons.
Sustainable Development Goals Mining
• Many of the minerals produced by mining are also essential building blocks to
technologies, infrastructure, energy and agriculture.

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• If managed poorly, mining can also lead to environmental degradation, displaced
populations, worsening economic and social inequality, armed conflicts,
genderbased violence, tax evasion and corruption, increased risk for many health
problems, and the violation of human rights.
• The mining industry has the opportunity and potential to positively
contribute to all 17 SDGs.
Sustainable Development Goals Mining
• In recent decades, the industry has made significant advances in mitigating and
managing such impacts and risks, by improving how companies manage their
environmental and social impacts, protect the health of their workers, achieve
energy efficiencies, report on financial flows, and respect and support human
rights.
Sustainable Development Goals Mining
— Impacts

Mining and the 17 SDGs: Indicative Priorities

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Moderately Direct Very Direct
Sustainable Development Goals Mining

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 Development Goals Mining
Sustainable — Impacts
Mining -
Mining -
Poverty Eradication
Integration into Core Business
• Publicly disclose details of payments to governments.
• Use arms-length rule transfer pricing.
• Facilitate equitable access to employment opportunities.
• Offer training and apprenticeship programs.
• Develop local supplier capacity.
• Strengthen local value chains.
Mining -
• Begin land access planning early in projects.
• Fully restore resettled communities

Poverty Eradication
Collaboration and Leverage
• Collaborate to leverage resources for poverty alleviation.
• Support non-mining livelihood options.
• Broaden implementation of anti-poverty strategies via Community Development
Agreements (CDAs).
Mining -
Zero Hunger
Integration into Core Business
• Manage water resources transparently.
• Minimize land take.
• Share infrastructure benefits with agricultural community.
• Conduct baseline and ongoing geochemical surveys.
• Monitor water quality and soil fertility regularly.
Mining -
Zero Hunger
Collaboration and Leverage
• Strengthen watershed management.
• Partner with the agricultural sector.
• Support programs to reduce childhood malnutrition and hunger.
Mining - Good Health, and Well-Being
Integration into Core Business
• Promote workplace health.
• Establish rigorous workplace health and safety monitoring and reporting.
• Focus on road safety.
• Screen for non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
• Provide healthy canteen food options and good hygiene protocols.
• Prevent toxic emissions to the environment.
Mining - Good Health, and Well-Being
• Reduce silica dust.
Integration into Core Business
• RunHIV/AIDS education, prevention and counseling programmes.
• Approach health holistically.
• Set up confidential counseling programs.
• Regularly test for drug and alcohol use and abuse.
Mining - Good Health, and Well-Being
Collaboration and Leverage
• Support community health programmes.
• Participate in response to and recovery from epidemics.
• Train community health workers.
• Recognize and strengthen traditional medicinal practices.
Mining -
Quality Education
Integration into Core Business
• Routinize skills baseline assessments and gap analyses.
• Sponsor apprenticeships, scholarships, and graduate programmes.
• Train workforce in technical and management skills.
• Ensure training opportunities are made available to employees at all levels and
across all backgrounds.
Mining -
Quality Education
Collaboration and Leverage
• Link academic programmes with Technical and Vocational Education and Training
(TVET).
• Collaborate with universities to design curricula.
• Participate in classrooms and workshops.
. Work with schools to keep children in school.
• Train for sustainable livelihood opportunities beyond mining.
Mining -
Gender Equality
Integration into Core Business
• Recruit more women.
• paywomen and men equally.
• Promote more women to visible leadership positions.
• Adopt, where possible, flexible schedules for accommodating childcare.
• Provide gender-sensitive career development planning.
Mining -
• Incorporate perspectives of women, men, and children in community-related
decisions.
• Include men and women in negotiations.
Gender Equality
Collaboration and Leverage
• Make social investments gender-inclusive.
• Offer educational scholarships for women.
• Remain vigilant against gender-based violence.
Mining -
• Establish gender-sensitive grievance mechanisms.
• Provide women's health monitoring.
Mining - Clean Water, and Sanitation
Integration into Core Business
• Recycle and/or recover metals from wastewater.
• Reduce water consumption.
• Use alternative water sources (greywater, seawater).
• Monitor water sources both near-mine and downstream.
• Monitor water quality.
• Involve the community in monitoring and share water data openly.
Mining - Clean Water, and Sanitation
• Align with government water management policies.
Integration into Core Business
• Integrate technical, social, economic, and political water concerns.
• Identify high-value water areas.
• Maintain long-term water balance throughout projects.
• Incorporate water reporting and disclosure.
Mining - Clean Water, and Sanitation
Collaboration and Leverage
• Support potable water and sanitation planning and infrastructure.
• Clearly delineate watershed management responsibilities.
• Share benefits of water infrastructure.
• Explore co-financing arrangements.
• Supportlocal capacity-building in water and sanitation
management.
Mining -
Affordable, Clean Energy
Integration into Core Business
• Undertake energy audits.
• Improve energy infrastructure maintenance.
• Reduce energy demand onsite.
• Deploy off-grid wind, solar, or geothermal power.
• Diversify power sources for reducing outages.
Mining -
• Replace diesel generators.
Affordable, Clean Energy
Collaboration and Leverage
• Support local energy initiatives.
• Integrate into rural electrification schemes.
• Share benefits of energy infrastructure.
• Explore co-financing arrangements.
Mining -
Decent Work, and Economic Growth
Integration into Core Business
• Provide decent work.
• Catalyze indirect and induced employment.
• Clearly communicate the capital-intensive nature of mining
• Diversify local economies.
• Make bidding accessible to local contractors.
Mining -
• Train local suppliers how to meet corporate supply requirements.
Decent Work, and Economic Growth
Collaboration and Leverage
• Collaborate with local chambers of commerce, finance institutions and NGOs.
• Establish business incubators.
• Work with local suppliers to build capacity and increase product quality.
• Collaborate to end child labor.
Mining -
Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructu
Integration into Core Business
• Upgrade expertise of local suppliers.
• Improve quality of locally produced goods.
• Provide support to local suppliers to service the mine.
• Explore co-funding arrangements with governments.
Mining -
• Share rail, road, power, water, Information and Communications Technology (ICT)
infrastructure.
• Harness economies of scale and economies of scope.

Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructu

Collaboration and Leverage
• Use business profile to create horizontal linkages.
• Use convening power to create clusters.
Mining -
• Promote domestic research and development initiatives.
 10 —
Mining - Reduced Inequalities
Integration into Core Business
• Be sensitive to local wage disparities.
• Establish baseline welfare statistics before mining.
• Train, recruit and employ marginalized populations.
• Include excluded groups in local procurement and supply chains.
 10 —
Mining - Reduced Inequalities
Collaboration and Leverage
• Work with local partners to target social investments to marginalized populations.
• Encourage participatory budgeting in local communities, especially of mining
revenues.
11
Mining -
Sustainable Cities, Communities
Integration into Core Business
• Re-mine tailings.
• Mine urban waste (urban mining).
• pairmetals recycling and waste energy reclamation.
• Plan land use with the life-of-mine in mind.
• Reclaim mines into parks.
• Develop cultural heritage management plans.
• Anticipate unplanned urbanization.
11

Mining - Sustainable Cities, Communities

Collaboration and Leverage
• Share workforce requirements and planned operations early so local authorities can
assess adequacy of local services.

• Collaborate with local authorities to develop green space, including

decommissioned mines.
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Mining -
Responsible Consumption, Production
Integration into Core Business
• Minimize use of water, energy, land, chemicals.
• Minimize production of waste, effluent, emissions.
• Re-purpose waste rock.
• Analyze mineral and chemical products across sourcing, transport, storage, use,
production.
• Extend responsible sourcing to suppliers.
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Mining - Responsible Consumption, Production
Collaboration and Leverage
• Collaborate inter-and intra-industry to develop and report against materials
management codes.
• Engage consumers about mining and connect the consumer with raw materials.
 13 *
Mining -
Climate Action
Integration into Core Business
• Improve energy efficiency.
• Use renewable energy.
• Use low-emission fuels.
• Align with Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs).
• Measure and report direct, indirect, and product-related emissions.
 13 *
• Plan for climate change impacts on mines and communities.
• Strengthen emergency response plans
Mining - Climate Action
Integration into Core Business
• Model climate-related environmental impacts.
• Use climate projections in design and placement of operations and infrastructure.
• Adopt corporate climate change, carbon management and disclosure policies.
• Use shadow carbon prices to inform portfolio evaluation and investment decisions
 13 *
• Include climate change on the board agenda.
Mining - Climate Action
Collaboration and Leverage
• Participate in climate-related R&D and pilots (emissions trading, CCS projects)
• Engage in intra- and cross-industry climate dialogues.
• Publicly support carbon pricing.
Mining - Life
Below Water
Integration into Core Business
• Properly dispose of tailings/waste.
• Assess social and environmental impacts on fishing- and marine-base livelihoods.
• Protect marine life
• Map breeding grounds and migration routes of underwater species.
Mining - Life
• Minimize habitat disturbance.
• Conduct sensitivity analyses in understanding short-and long-term impacts.
Below Water
Collaboration and Leverage
• Collaborate with local authorities to establish conservation areas and marine
reserves.

• Develop multi stakeholder coastal zone management plans.

Mining - Life
on Land
Integration into Core Business
• Apply mitigation hierarchy to minimize impacts.
• Avoid impacts to critical habitat.
• Offset biodiversity impacts.
• Recognize dynamic nature of habitats.
Mining - Life
• Conduct comprehensive baseline and follow-up environmental impact
assessments.

on Land
Collaboration and Leverage
• Support projects that link communities and biodiversity.
• Encourage and participate in landscape level planning.
• Restore historic habitats and engage in reforestation and anti-poaching efforts.
Mining - Life
• Collaborate in research initiatives.
Mining -
16 H"

Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Integration into Core Business
• Listen and respond early to stakeholder concerns.
• Establish formal and accessible complaint and grievance mechanisms.
• Participate in conflict-free mineral certification schemes.
• Implement human rights impact assessments.
• Extend high standards to security contractors.
• Incorporate both regulatory requirements and local community objectives and sentiments
into decisions.
16 H"

Mining - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Collaboration and Leverage
• Publicly report project-related payments country-by-country and project-byproject.
• Conduct transfer pricing of intra-company transactions via arms-length rule.
• Facilitate peaceful working environment and good community relationships.
• Promote the rule of law.
 17 m'HEcans

Mining - Partnerships for the Goals

Integration into Core Business
• Make data on payments to governments transparent.
• Build data collection and statistical analysis capacity.
• Transfer technologies to host countries.
• Engage in public-private partnerships.
• Transfer unused exploration data over to national authorities.
• Improve national knowledge of mineral wealth.
• Facilitate trust with government and communities.
17 m'HEcans

Mining - Partnerships for the Goals

Collaboration and Leverage
• Dialog actively with governments, civil society, and development partners.
• Strengthen coordination between initiatives.
• Join with bottom-up grassroots movements and top-down leadership initiatives.
• Apply SDG indicators.
Text Books
• Azapagic, A., Perdan, S., & Clift, R., Sustainable Development in Practice: Case Studies
for Engineers and Scientists, Wiley , 2004
• Hilson, G., The Socio-Economic Impacts of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in
Developing Countries, CRC Press , 2003

Reference Books
• Raj, K.S & Kartik C.R., Sustainable Economic Development And Environment: India
and Other Low Income Economies, Atlatic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd , 2008
• Baleshwar, T., Rajiv, R.T, Srikumar, C., & Rajesh, K.A., Resource Management,
Sustainable Development and Governance, Springer International
 Publishing , 2021

Web links

• Brundtland Report (1987), Our Common Future,

https://www.are.admin.ch/are/en/home/media/publications/sustainabledevelopment/
brundtland-report.html
• Purvis, B., Mao, Y., & Robinson, D. (2019). Three pillars of sustainability: in search of
conceptual origins. Sustainability science, 14, 681-695.
• MDG Monitor. https://www.mdgmonitor.org/millennium-development-goals/
• Atlas. Mapping Mining to the Sustainable Empowered lives. Resilient nations.
Development Goals: Atlas.
https://www.undp.org/sites@files/zskgke326/files/publications/Mapping_Mining_ SDGs
An Atlas Executive Summary FINAL.pdf

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