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functions of DBMS

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28 views3 pages

functions of DBMS

Uploaded by

zulqarnainawan441
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Database Terms and Concepts in Detail

1. Data Storage, Retrieval, and Update

 A Database Management System (DBMS) is responsible for storing data efficiently so


that it can be retrieved and updated when needed.
 Storage: Data is stored in structured formats, such as tables, indexes, or key-value pairs,
in a physical or cloud-based storage system.
 Retrieval: DBMS allows users to query and fetch data using SQL (Structured Query
Language) or other query languages.
 Update: Data can be modified, added, or deleted while maintaining consistency and
integrity.

2. A User-Accessible Catalog

 This is a metadata repository that contains information about the database structure, such
as tables, indexes, relationships, constraints, and stored procedures.
 It helps users and administrators understand the database schema and access rights.

3. Transaction Support

 A transaction is a logical unit of work that consists of one or more database operations (like
inserting, updating, or deleting data).
 DBMS ensures ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) to
guarantee reliable transactions.
 Transactions can be committed (permanently saved) or rolled back (undone if an error
occurs).

4. Concurrency Control Services

 When multiple users access the database simultaneously, concurrency control prevents
data inconsistency.
 Common techniques include:
o Locks (Shared, Exclusive)
o Timestamps
o Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC)

5. Recovery Services

 Ensures data is restored to a correct state after failures like system crashes or power
outages.
 Backup and Restore Mechanism: Periodic backups allow recovery in case of data loss.
 Transaction Logging: Records all changes made to the database, allowing rollback in case
of failure.
 Checkpoints: Periodic saving of database states to facilitate faster recovery.
Functions of a DBMS

6. Authorization Services

 Ensures security by controlling user access.


 Uses user authentication and role-based access control (RBAC).
 Examples:
o Read-only access for some users.
o Full control for administrators.
o Specific permissions (INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, SELECT).

7. Support for Data Communication

 Facilitates communication between applications and databases over networks.


 Supports APIs like ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) and JDBC (Java Database
Connectivity).
 Helps in distributed databases and cloud-based data access.

8. Integrity Services

 Ensures data accuracy and validity.


 Types of Integrity Constraints:
o Entity Integrity: Primary key must be unique and not null.
o Referential Integrity: Foreign key must match a primary key in another table.
o Domain Integrity: Ensures values in a column fall within a specified range.
o User-defined Integrity: Business-specific rules.

9. Services to Promote Data Independence

 Data independence means changes in the database structure should not affect applications.
 Logical Data Independence: Changes in schema (tables, columns) do not impact
applications.
 Physical Data Independence: Changes in storage format do not affect applications.

10. Utility Services

 Performance Monitoring: Tracks database efficiency.


 Database Tuning: Adjusts performance parameters.
 Data Migration: Transfers data between databases.
 Backup and Recovery: Ensures data safety.

DBMS Environment

11. Single-User Environment


 Only one user can access the database at a time.
 Suitable for desktop applications like MS Access.

12. Multi-User Environment

 Multiple users can access the database simultaneously.


 Requires concurrency control and transaction management.

13. Teleprocessing

 The database is hosted on a central computer, and users connect via terminals.
 The central server handles all processing.
 Example: Mainframe systems.

14. File-Server Architecture

 The database is stored on a file server.


 Clients retrieve files from the server and process them locally.
 Disadvantages:
o High network traffic.
o Limited concurrency.
 Example: Early MS Access over LAN.

15. Client-Server Architecture

 The database runs on a dedicated server.


 Clients send queries, and the server processes them and returns results.
 Advantages:
o Better performance.
o Supports many users efficiently.
 Example: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server.

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