INVERSION ( ĐẢO NGỮ)

He has never met such a nice girl before.

= Never before has he met such a nice girl

They rarely buy food at this market.

= Rarely do they buy food at this market

*Đ/N: Là khi ( không phải là câu hỏi nhưng ng ta đảo TĐT lên trc chủ ngữ, thực hiện
như câu hỏi mđ để nhấn mạnh ý ng nói)

ĐN xẩy ra trong các T.H sau đây:

1. Khi đầu câu / đầu mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Never ( before/ in Vietnam/…)
Seldom
Rarely + TĐT ( do/is/ did/ have….)+ S + V…..
Little
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely ( hầu như không)

E.g They seldom buy food at this market.

= Seldom do they buy food at this market

Little did I realise that he was going into the room.

He hardly has any single penny.

= Hardly does he have any single penny

2. ĐN xẩy khi đầu câu có

Not a/ an + danh từ s.it
No + danh từ + TĐT + S+ V….
O

I did not see any / a student.

= No student/ Not a student did I see.

( No student prepared his lesson) trong câu này NO= dt làm S nên phía sau
không còn S nào nữa để mà đảo câu bt

He didn’t say a word to me

 = Not a word did he say to me

He didn’t say any word to me

= No word did he say to me

3. * Not only/ not just…..but also…..

= Not only/ not just…..but ….. as well.

He is not only handsome but he can (also) play sports well.

= Not only is he handsome but he can also play sports well

He is not only handsome but also talented.

= Not only is he handsome but also talented/ but he is ( also) talented.

Peter not only knows a lot about the history but he is knowledgeable about science.

= Not only does Peter know a lot about the history but he is knowledgeable about science

Not only + TĐT+ S+…….but also + cụm/ từ

…………………………….but S + ( also) + V…

Note: Not only S1 but also S2 + V ( chia thì bt)……

Not only A but also B is here.

Not only Nam but also his friends don’t agree on this contract.

4. Not until : mãi cho đến khi

I didn’t know the result until the last moments.

= Not until the last moments did I know the result.

I didn’t know the result until he came back home.

= Not until he came back home did I know the result

Not+ Trạng từ + TĐt + S+ V….

( Not until + MTG/ S+ V…+ TĐT + S+ V…..)

Not Once did he shout at me. ( = He didn’t shout at me once)

 5. ĐN khi đầu câu / đầu mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng cụm TRẠNG TÙ CỐ
ĐỊNH CHỨA “ NO”
- At no time ( không hề)
- For no reason
- Under/ In no circumstances + TĐT+ S+ V……
- On no account
- In no way
- Nowhere
- By no means

Under/ In no circumstances will I get married to him.

Nowhere can I find such a cooperative staff.

(= I can find such a cooperative staff nowhere= I can not find such a cooperative staff
anywhere)

At no time should you shout at him. It ‘s not his fault.

( you should not shout at him at all)

At no time did I realise that he was a spy.

- In no way will my parents agree with me on this.

- I will not give in under any circumstances.
= I will give in under no circumstances
= under no circumstances will I give in.
6. Đn của câu điều kiện;
a. If+ S1+ V( es/s) …., S2+ will/ can+ V……..
=Should + S1+ V ( đn)……, S2+ will/ can+ V……..

If he comes late, we will go first.

= Should he come late, we will go first.

Nếu có sẵn were

b. If S+ were ……….., S+ would/ could/ might ( not) + V…..

= Were + S……….., S+ would/ could/ might ( not) + V…..

Nếu không có sẵn were

If + S+ V-ed…..,S + would/ could/ might ( not) + V…..

= WERE + S+ to V….…..,S + would/ could/ might ( not) + V…..

If she were in paris now, her medical condition would be better.

 = WERE she in paris now, her medical condition would be better

If I were you, I would do it differently.

= Were I you, I would do it differently.

If I were in charge, I would do it differently.

= Were I in charge, I would do it differently

If she took this medicine, her medical condition would be better.

= WERE she to take this medicine, her medical condition would be better

c. If S+ had ( not) + PP…., S+ would/ could/ might ( not) + have + PP……

= Had + S ( not) + PP…., S+ would/ could/ might ( not) + have + PP……

If he had not committed the crime , he would not have been sent to the jail.

= Had he not committed the crime , he would not have been sent to the jail
7. ….So……that…./ ……Such…….that…..

She is so beautiful that I can’t forget her. = So beautiful is she that I can’t forget her

She performed so excellently that the audience couldn’t help clapping their hands

= so excellently did she perform that the audience couldn’t help clapping their hands

So TT/ Trạng từ + TĐT + S1 + V……that S2+ V2……

ĐN của such

1. She is such a nice girl that anyone wants to look at her.

= such a nice girl is she that anyone wants to look at her.
2. Such= so great / so much
The strength of the storm was such that it uprooted a big tree

= Such was The strength of the storm that it uprooted a big tree

Such + be+ S + that S2+ V2…

Such was the beauty of the lady that she could join any beauty contest.

8. “ vừa mới …..thì đã …..”/ ngay khi…….thì……”

No sooner…….than….

= ……hardly/ barely/ scarcely……when…..

He had no sooner left home than his girlfriend came.

= No sooner had he left home than his girlfriend came

He had hardly left home when his girlfriend came.

= Hardly had he left home when his girlfriend came.

No sooner + had + S + PP……..than S2+ V2-ed……..

Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely + had + S + PP……..when S2+ V2-ed……..

9. ĐN với Only
Only at home is he so kind to everyone.
Only at weekend can I take my kids to the park.
Only by studying hard will you be able to be admitted to a top uni.
Only if you make no mistakes, can I give you a mark 10.
Only in Vietnam are traditional foods delicious.

Only + trạng từ/ tân ngữ+ TĐT + S+ V…..

Only when you grow up can you understand this.
Only after you have graduated from university will you be able to be admitted to this company.

( Note: Only I love you so much like this)

I love only you.= Only you do I love.

( Only by/ with…..

Only then/ later

Only when/ after/ if S1+ V1….., + TĐT + S+ V……..)

Only when you grow up will you be able to understand what I tell you today.

Only after you have graduated, will you be admitted to this company.

Only at home are you a good boy.

10. Đn với cụm trạng từ chỉ địa điểm hoặc cụm giới từ

A horse stood in the yard.

= In the yard stood A horse

The guard sat at the gate.

= at the gate sat The guard

S + V( sit/ stand/ lie/ be/ go/ remain …) + cụm trạng từ

= cụm trạng từ + V( sit/ stand/ lie/ be/ go/ remain …)+ S

The keys are here

= Here are the keys.

Here is the key.

On the battle field lay the old tanks

The girl sat in the corner.= In the corner sat the girl.

11. Cụm động từ

Go up/ down/ away…

Jump up

My dog jumps up when he sees me come back.

= UP jumps My dog when he sees me come back

The children ran off when they saw me.

= Off ran The children when they saw me.

S+ V + giới từ (p.hướng/ c động)+……..

= Giới từ+ V+ S+ ……….

Only I love you so much.

The storm was so strong that it uprooted a big tree.

( Such = so great/ so much)

= Such was The strength of the storm that it uprooted a big tree