Scribd
Upload
11 views28 pages

LESSON 2.xopp

The document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, highlighting its properties, advantages, and stages of behavior under load. It discusses the combination of concrete and steel reinforcement, emphasizing the material's high compressive strength, rigidity, and low maintenance needs. Additionally, it includes sample problems and methods for calculating cracking moments and flexural stresses in beams.

Uploaded by

osinsao.maryjoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views28 pages

LESSON 2.xopp

The document provides an introduction to reinforced concrete, highlighting its properties, advantages, and stages of behavior under load. It discusses the combination of concrete and steel reinforcement, emphasizing the material's high compressive strength, rigidity, and low maintenance needs. Additionally, it includes sample problems and methods for calculating cracking moments and flexural stresses in beams.

Uploaded by

osinsao.maryjoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

PRINCIPLES

OF
REINFORCED CONCRETE

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Prepared by: Engr. Allen Paul C. Alcantara
Concrete: Mixture of sand, gravel, and cement paste.

Properties of Concrete : High compressive strength but low tensile strength.


Reinforced Concrete: Combination of concrete and steel reinforcement.
• Steel provides tensile strength.
• Used in columns and other structural elements.
Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as a Structural Material
1. High Compressive Strength: Cost-effective compared to other materials.
2. Fire & Water Resistance: Best material for situations involving water;
withstands fires with only surface damage.
3. Rigidity: Reinforced concrete structures are very rigid.
4. Low Maintenance: Requires minimal maintenance cost.
5. Long Service Life: Strength increases over time due to cement paste
solidification.
6. Economical: Cost-effective for foundations, slabs, and similar structures.
7. Versatility in Shapes: Can be cast into various forms (e.g., slabs, beams,
arches, shells).
8. Local Material Availability: Uses locally available aggregates, reducing
costs.
9. Lower Skilled Labor Requirement: Easier to construct compared to
structural steel.
Load
Section @
midspan

Neutral Axis
3 Stages of Concrete Before the Collapse

Uncracked Concrete Stage


At small loads when the tensile stresses are less than the modulus
of rupture (the bending tensile stress at which the concrete begins to
crack), the entire cross section of the beam resists bending, with
compression on one side and tension on the other.
Load
Section @
midspan
fc

N.A

ft
Uncracked Concrete Stage

Load
Section @
midspan
fc

N.A

ft
ft < f r
M < Mcr fr = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐 𝒇′ 𝒄
𝒇𝒓 ∙𝑰
Mcr =
𝒚𝒕
Sample Problem
A propped cantilever beam, 7 m long is subject to a uniformly
distributed load of 15 kN/m. The beam has a width of 200mm and a
depth of 500 mm. Considering f’c = 21 MPa.
Determine the following:
1. Modulus of rupture fr of the beam
2. Cracking Moment,Mcr of the beam
3. Determine if the beam will crack when subject to the loads.
Sample Problem
Determine the cracking moment for
the all-lightweight concrete beam
shown below. The beam has a concrete
strength of 20.7 MPa and yield strength
of 276 MPa.
Sample Problem
Determine the cracking
moment of normal weight
concrete beam with the
following properties:
f'c = 27.6 MPa.

Neglect the effect of the


reinforcing bars.
Try to solve problem
Determine if the cantilever beam
will crack under a uniform load of
18.5 kN/m. The beam has a length
of 2.25 meters. Use 35 MPa as the
value of concrete strength
Try to solve problem
A simply supported has a length
of 7m. Determine the maximum
uniformly distributed load that
the beam can carry before it
cracks. Use f’c = 21 Mpa.

500

0,0 𝑥2
𝑦=
40
3 Stages of Concrete Before the Collapse

Cracked-Elastic Stage
As the load is further increased, these cracks quickly spread up to
the vicinity of the neutral axis, and then the neutral axis begins to move
upward. The cracks occur at those places along the beam where the
actual moment is greater than the cracking moment.
Load
Section @
midspan
fc

N.A
fs/n
When the bending moment is sufficiently
large to cause the tensile stress in the extreme
fibers to be greater than the modulus of
rupture, it is assumed that all of the concrete
on the tensile side of the beam is cracked and
must be neglected in the flexure calculations.

Modular Ratio, n

● The ratio of the steel modulus to the Steps in Solving Transformed Section
concrete modulus;
1. Transform the steel section to concrete
2. Locate the neutral axis-x distance from the
𝐸𝑠 200 000 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑛= =
𝐸𝑐 4700 𝑓′𝑐 compression side of the beam.
3. Find the moment of inertia of the transformed
● Modular ratio is used to convert the area of
section
steel with an equivalent area of concrete.
4. Find the stresses fs and fc.
Compute the flexural stresses in the concrete and steel for the beam
shown using the transformed-area method. Assume M=130kNm and n=9.
Compute the flexural stresses in the concrete and steel for the beam
shown using the transformed-area method. Assume M=130kNm and n=9.
Compute the flexural stresses in the concrete and steel for the beam
shown using the transformed-area method. Assume M=130kNm and n=9.
A beam shown is a singly reinforced concrete T-beam made from
normal weight concrete with cylinder strength, fc’=22 Mpa. The beam is
reinforced with 28 mm dia. steel bars. Determine the following using the
cracked transformed area method.

a. Calculate the flexural stresses for


the beam for a positive bending
moment of 200 kN-m.
b. Calculate the allowable resisting
moment of the beam section, if
the allowable compressive stress
for concrete is fc=9.9 Mpa and
allowable tensile stress for steel
reinforcing bar is, fs= 168Mpa.
Compute the bending stresses, in MPa, in the beam shown in the figure.
Use n=10 and M=118 kN-m.

2 – 16 mm

4 – 28 mm
Compute the bending stresses, in MPa, in the beam shown in the figure.
Use n=10 and M=118 kN-m.

2 – 16 mm

4 – 28 mm
Compute the bending stresses, in MPa, in the beam shown in the figure.
Use n=10 and M=118 kN-m.

2 – 16 mm

4 – 28 mm

You might also like